Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, we examined the clinical course and prognosis of 32 patients with malignant glioma (17 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, 15 patients with glioblastoma) treated with the MIC regimen (radiation, MCNU, carboplatin and IFN-beta) or MICE regimen (radiation, MCNU, carboplatin, etoposide and IFN-beta). Ten patients were treated with the MIC regimen and 22 patients with the MICE regimen. The patients treated with the MIC and MICE regimens exhibited no significant difference in clinical background factors. The response rate was 50.0% among the 8 evaluable patients treated with the MIC regimen, and 40.0% among the 20 evaluable patients treated with the MICE regimen. The first- and second-year survival rates for the MIC regimen were 40.0% and 30.0%, and those for the MICE regimen were 68.2% and 36.4%. The overall first- and second-year survivals were 59.4% and 33.9%, respectively. The 50% survival time was 8.6 months for the MIC regimen, 14.9 months for the MICE regimen, and 13.4 months overall. There was no significant difference in response rate or survival period between the group treated with the MIC regimen and that treated with the MICE regimen. Age, histological grade of malignancy, radicality of surgery and total dose of irradiation did not affect length of survival. The only factors significantly related to length of survival were response to the induction therapy and performance of maintenance therapy. These results did not demonstrate the superiority of either the MIC or MICE regimen to other regimens previously reported for the treatment of glioma. In addition, etoposide was found not to improve the efficacy of this type of combined chemoradiation therapy.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of combination therapy with radiation, MCNU, carboplatin and IFN-beta or with radiation, MCNU, carboplatin, etoposide and IFN-beta for malignant gliomas]. 983 7

Combined treatment with interferon-beta, MCNU (Ranimustine), and radiotherapy was assessed in patients with malignant glioma who had not received previous cytotoxic drug therapy. Forty-three patients up to 75 years old with histopathologically confirmed malignant glioma were studied. All patients had tumors measurable by neuroimaging, a Karnofsky performance score exceeding 40, and an expected survival exceeding 2 months. A response rate of 49% (21/45) was observed, including 6 complete remissions (14%) and 15 partial remissions (35%). Of the 43 patients who completed initial therapy, 19 were given sequential maintenance therapy. Survival time was much longer with than without maintenance therapy. Toxic side effects were moderate and did not substantially affect patients' general condition. We concluded that this combination therapy had a pronounced effect on untreated malignant glioma, particularly in patients whose initial therapy was followed up with maintenance therapy.
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PMID:Initial and maintenance combination treatment with interferon-beta, MCNU (Ranimustine), and radiotherapy for patients with previously untreated malignant glioma. 1113 87

We describe the cases of 2 patients with a congenital malignant glioma that responded to chemotherapy. In the first case, a 2-month-old boy had a conjugate deviation to the right side and nystagmus. A T(1)-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance image showed a large tumor in his right frontal lobe. The tumor was partially resected, and the histological diagnosis was malignant ganglioglioma. The child then underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy (mainly carboplatin and etoposide), and the residual tumor shrank. The tumor was then partially resected during a second operation, after which the patient underwent 5 cycles of chemotherapy (a combination of carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine, ifosfamide, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide). The tumor has not recurred in more than 8.5 years. In the second case, a 2-month-old boy had bulging of the anterior fontanel. The T(1)-weighted gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance image showed a large suprasellar tumor. The tumor was partially resected, and the histological diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma. The patient underwent 8 cycles of chemotherapy (MCNU, carboplatin and etoposide) and the tumor has not recurred in more than 7.5 years. Our experience indicates that, if surgical removal and chemotherapy are done aggressively for malignant gliomas in neonates and infants, long-term survival is possible.
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PMID:Successful chemotherapy for congenital malignant gliomas: a report of two cases. 1671 66

This chapter outlines the current clinical application of interferon for treatment of brain tumor, especially glioma. Since approved as a therapeutic drug for brain tumor originally produced in Japan, interferon-beta has been reported to be effective when it was used alone, in combination with chemo-radiotherapy (ACNU/MCNU as a nitrosourea derivative chemodrug, and radiation for 60 Gy totally). Recently, the regimen of combination with interferon-beta have been improved to obtain a higher efficacy rate. For example, as a fundamental study, temozolomide is an enthusiastic chemodrug to enhance the anti-tumor effect of interferon-beta when it is combined, pre-clinical and clinical trial will be scheduled. As for interferon-beta gene therapy by means of liposome as ad drug delivery system, already clinical trial has been performed and clinical safety and effectiveness have been proved, and it is expected that newly development in the field of gene therapy will be established and improvement of therapeutic results for malignant brain tumor will be achieved.
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PMID:[Glioma]. 1683 52

Gliomas account for approximately 30% of all brain tumors and are thus the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite treatment with aggressive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, high-grade (WHO grades III and IV) malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma (GBM), the most common glioma in adults, kill patients within a median time span of a year after diagnosis. In Japan, alkylating agents such as 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyridiminyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU) and methyl-6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) have been used to treat malignant gliomas for a long time; however, this treatment provides few clinical benefits. Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating agent, has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity against malignant gliomas with minimal additional toxicity; furthermore, a previous study found that treatment with TMZ significantly prolonged median survival time. In 2006, TMZ was certified as the treatment agent for malignant gliomas by the National Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. It is now used as first-line therapy. However, its clinical outcomes depend on the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status, and MGMT modification is one of the key factors to deriving greater clinical benefits in the future. Combination therapy with TMZ and other antitumor drugs, especially anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody (Avascin), has been aggressively investigated for treating gliomas. Some of these drugs have been studied in experimental animal models and advanced to clinical trials. These studies suggest that combination therapy with TMZ and other antitumor drugs might further improve the clinical outcome of malignant gliomas as compared to TMZ plus radiotherapy. Based on these data, the next step will be to carry out phase II to III clinical studies to improve treatment of malignant brain tumors further.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for malignant gliomas: an update]. 2410 52


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