Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a follow up study of 38 patients with supratentrial malignant glioma verified histologically during the 3 years from 1979 to 1982, the same therapeutic method which was the postoperative synchronized radiation-immunochemotherapy was applied. And we investigated the relationships between the survival rate and the histological malignancy, the operative area, and age of admission. Total dose of 5000 to 6000 rad radiation was given after surgery. 0.02 mg/kg of VCR was administered intravenously on the first and the 29th day of radiation, and 2 mg/kg of ACNU was administered intravenously 24 hours after VCR administration. After synchronized radiotherapy, 2 mg/kg of ACNU was given every 6 weeks and 3 g of PS-K was given orally every day. Dose of PS-K was increased especially during the radiation and for 2 weeks after ACNU administration. This radioimmunochemotherapy was applied to 38 patients with malignant glioma, 25 cases of glioblastoma multiforme, 12 cases of malignant astrocytoma, one cases of malignant ependymoma, one case of malignant oligodendroglioma. A complete clinical course of all patients was observed. 18 of 38 cases are surviving. The survival rate of malignant gliomas was 71.2% for one year, 47.6% for 2 years, 34.8% for 3 years. The survival rate of glioblastoma was 56.3% for one year, 36.9% for 2 years, 12.3% for 3 years. The survival rate of the patients receiving macroscopically total removal was higher than that of the patients receiving subtotal removal. The survival rate of the younger patients (under 49 years old) was higher than that of the older patients (over 50 years old). Side effect of this therapy was myelosupression in 75.8%.
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PMID:[Evaluation of radiation immunochemotherapy in the treatment of malignant glioma. Combined use of ACNU, VCR and PS-K]. 658 94

Chemotherapy was applied for experimental subarachnoid dissemination model of brain tumor which was established in male Wister-SPF (SLC) rats inoculated intracisternally with 2 X 10(5) C6 rat glioma cells. Nontreated animals died about 24 days after inoculation. Autopsy findings of the animals showed localized or multifocal invasion of the tumor on leptomeninges in cisterna magna, and partially infiltration into the parenchyma of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Three days after inoculation, the tumor deposition and proliferation already occurred. Several tumor cell layers were found in the subarachnoid space over the cerebellomedullary surface. Tumor bearing animals were at first treated by single agent. These are ACNU administered intraperitoneally, methotrexate administered intracisternally, and OK-432 administered intraperitoneally. In the next stage, combination of these drugs was applied. ACNU, 3 mg/kg i. p., on Day 3, was effective in elongation of median survival time by 23.6%, statistically significant (P less than 0.02). Methotrexate, 0.25 mg/kg i.th., on Day 3, was also effective in elongation of median survival time by 8.4%, statistically significant (P less than 0.05). OK-432, 0.1 KE/kg i. p., daily, 14 times, from Day 3 to Day 16, was ineffective in elongation of median survival time. Combination of ACNU, methotrexate and OK-432, in the same schedule as described above, produced the longest median survival time of 42.4%, statistically significant (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for experimental subarachnoid dissemination model of brain tumor]. 658 81

A new water-soluble nitrosourea ( MCNU ) was tested for its antitumor activity against fourteen human glioma cell lines and two neuroblastoma cell lines. Four experiments were performed to determine its antitumor activity: inhibition of cell growth, comparison with ACNU, morphological observation, and analysis of DNA histogram with flowcytometry . Seven out of 14 gliomas (50%) and one neuroblastoma cell lines showed more than 50% inhibition of cell growth in vitro, appearance of giant multinucleated cell morphologically, and DNA accumulation in G2+M and/or S phase of cell cycle in the medium of 10 micrograms/ml MCNU . Antitumor activity and spectrum of MCNU against human brain tumors were almost the same as with ACNU.
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PMID:[MCNU effectiveness on brain tumor. Part I: Antitumor activity in vitro on human glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines]. 658 13

Cellular synchronization chemoradiotherapy was performed in 122 patients with glioblastoma and malignant astrocytoma (GrIII) registered between April 1977 and August 1982. The study was a non-randomized clinical phase II trial. The chemotherapeutic agents employed as synchronizers during the irradiation were VM26 (epipodophyllotoxin) and vincristine (VCR) as plant alkaloids and ACNU as a nitrosourea. Either VM26 or VCR was administered on D1, D2 and D3 at the dosage of 1 mg/kg (0.025 mg/kg-VCR) body weight. ACNU was administered on D2 and D3 at the dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight. The duration of the chemotherapy was eight to fourteen days at the initial induction stage and almost eight weeks at the maintenance stage. Thus, two synchronization arms of VM26 + ACNU and VCR + ACNU were employed. The regimen-VM 26 + ACNU + Radiation (Rad) could yield the initial induction of CR + PR-30%, NC-50%, and PG-15% in 58 cases. Long-term survival, calculated by the cumulative survival rate, was as follows: one year, 58%; two years, 42%; three years, 32%; four years, 30%, and five years, 25%. The regimen VCR + ACNU + Rad could yield the initial induction of CR + PR-28%, NC-49%, and PG-23% in 64 cases. The cumulative survival rate was calculated as follows: one year, 55%; two years, 42%; three years, 27%; four years, 22%, and five years, 22%. As a control, particularly for the survival rate, the data of the All-Japan Registry were revised to correspond to our study population. The survival rate of simple radiation cases thus revised was as follows: one year, 43%; two years, 23%; three years, 11%; four years, 7%, and five years, 5%. The comparison between VM 26 plus ACNU and VCR plus ACNU yielded a higher initial induction response of 35% for the former (vs. 28% for the latter), although it is difficult to make a judgement on the excellence of the regimen involving VM 26 plus ACNU, because this trial was clinical phase II. On the other hand, compared with the data from the All-Japan Registry, each regimen of cellular synchronization radiation therapy could achieve statistically more excellent responses both in the initial induction and the long-term survival (p less than 0.01). Thus, cellular synchronization radiation therapy is a hopeful therapeutic method for malignant glioma, with less side effects and statistically confirmed higher responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Synchronization chemoradiotherapy for malignant gliomas]. 659 71

Flow cytometric analysis was used to study the effect of a calcium influx blocker, nicardipine hydrochloride, on the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in tumor cells. The parameters used for this study were DNA- and protein-cell distribution histograms. Cells and drugs used for this study were C6 cells from CD Fisher rat glioma and VCR, ADM and ACNU, respectively. The growth inhibitory effect estimated by concentration at ID50 on C6 cells was indicated as follows; VCR showed an 89-fold enhancement, while ACNU showed little enhancement following addition of nicardipine hydrochloride. DNA and protein histograms obtained by flow cytometry revealed almost the same effects as cells which were studied using high concentration of VCR without nicardipine hydrochloride. For the other drugs, ADM showed a small enhancement on histograms, while with ACNU, little enhancement was noted as well as the inhibitory effect of each drug described above. The results indicate that nicardipine hydrochloride greatly affects the cell cytotoxicity of VCR but not so much with ADM and ACNU. From these results, it appears that this drug enhances the action of anti-cancer drugs not only by merely blocking the efflux of drugs from cells but also by other mechanisms which remain to be clarified.
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PMID:[Flow cytometric study of enhanced effect of anti-cancer drugs induced by nicardipine hydrochloride]. 659 5

Induction in vivo of resistance of C6 rat glioma and 9L rat glioma to ACNU [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride] was studied and ACNU-resistant rat meningeal gliomatosis models were developed by using these resistant glioma sublines. Rapid acquisition of resistance to the agent was present at 2nd transplant generation in both glioma lines. Cellular resistance to ACNU remained unchanged in the absence of drug over 5 transplant generations in vivo in spite of the fact that the drug treatment was discontinued at the 5th generation after a complete resistance was induced. On the other hand, the degree of resistance of 9L resistant subline established by only once ACNU treatment was found to be decreased after 5 transplant generations in vitro. Degree of resistance at the cellular level was observed with each subline by in vitro technique and compared with each other. Each subline was found to have different degree of resistance: 9L resistant subline showed higher resistance than C6 resistant subline, and the differences in degree of resistance between 9L resistant subline and C6 resistant subline were approximately 750 and 20, respectively, when they were expressed as ratios of IC50 (drug concentration for 50% growth inhibition) for the resistant subline to the original one.
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PMID:[Development of ACNU-resistant meningeal gliomatosis models: establishment of resistant rat glioma subline against ACNU]. 659 99

A new water-soluble nitrosourea (ACNU) was tested for its antitumor activity against four glioma cell lines. Four factors were studied to determine its antitumor activity: inhibition of cell growth, morphologic observation, analysis of DNA histogram with flow microfluorometry, and sensitivity testing with microtest plate. Growth inhibition in response to ACNU was seen in two cell lines (EA285, U251-MG), whereas two cell lines (YE2-02, T98) were resistant to ACNU. The results of the present sensitivity test concur with those of other examinations that this test is useful in selecting a drug and determining the effective dose.
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PMID:Sensitivity to 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. 695 89

The effect of ACNU on the in vitro viability of a methylnitrosourea-induced gliosarcoma (T9) and two ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors, TR-481 (a malignant neurinoma) and EB-679 (a glioma) was studied. T9 was highly sensitive to ACNU, demonstrating loss of cells following a 3 hour exposure time to 5 microgram/ml; TR-481 was sensitive to 40 microgram/ml of ACNU and EB-679 was highly resistant to 40 microgram/ml of ACNU. The in vitro sensitivity of the tumor cell lines to ACNU is: T 9 greater than TR-481 greater than EB-679. This data indicates that variability of response to both concentration and exposure time of ACNU of malignant brain tumor cells must be taken into consideration in planning in vitro and/or in vivo treatment of experimental brain tumors.
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PMID:In vitro sensitivity of nitrosourea-induced neurogenic tumors to ACNU. 695 45

It has been reported that flow cytometric analysis offers good indicators to select drugs for chemotherapy of malignant neoplasms, however, there are still few reports to try to apply these data to clinical treatment. For this purpose perturbation of cell cycle traverse which induced by several anticancer drugs was studied to determined the fundamental factors to indicate the sensitivity of each drugs. Results were: 1) Drugs showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M phase even in low concentration; MMC, AD, CQ. 2) Drugs showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M from low concentration high concentration; Vincristine. 3) Drugs which showed accumulation of SG2M in high concentration; ACNU, BCNU. 9L rat glioma cells treated with BCNU showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M phase. In this cell line cytocidal effect was high. However, C6 cells which showed low accumulation in SG2M even by treatment with high concentration of BCNU revealed quite resistant to anticancer drugs from nitrosourea derivatives (ACNU, BCNU). Cytocidal effect of MMC and ACNU on C6 glioma cells was studied by colony forming efficiency assay using multicell spheroids treated with these drugs and it was discussed the correlation between percent of accumulated cells and cytocidal effect of each drug.
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PMID:[Application of flow cytometric analysis to brain tumor chemotherapy. Report 1: Changes of cell kinetics induced by anticancer drugs (author's transl)]. 702 Jul 24

The chemotherapeutic effect of MX2 (3'-deamino-3'-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin), a new lipophilic morpholino anthracycline, against rat C6 and human T98G glioma cells, was examined in vitro and in vivo. The subcellular distribution of MX2 was also studied. The drug concentrations of MX2 required for the 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50) for C6 and T98G cells were 25.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml and 70.6 +/- 6.8 ng/ml, respectively, which were much lower than the IC50 values for nimustine (ACNU). A C6 subline resistant to ACNU, C6/ACNU, was established by continuous exposure to graded concentrations of ACNU. The IC50 of MX2 for C6/ACNU was 28.3 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, indicating no cross-resistance to MX2. In the rats bearing the intracerebral C6 tumors, the life span was increased by about 40 to 100% after intravenous administration of MX2 at doses ranging from 1 to 3 mg/kg of body weight. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated visually the good accumulation of MX2 in the implanted intracerebral C6 tumors, as well as its predominant distribution in the cytoplasm over the nucleus in both cell lines in vitro. Ultrastructural studies also demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of MX2 against glioma cells. Our results suggest that MX2 may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malignant gliomas and that confocal laser scanning microscopy is useful for the study of the cellular pharmacokinetics of anthracycline derivatives, such as MX2.
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PMID:The antitumor effect of MX2, a new morpholino anthracycline, against malignant glioma cell lines and its subcellular distribution. 750 Nov 12


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