Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thalidomide is considered to be a potent antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory drug for cancer therapy. Earlier clinical studies have found that patients responding to this drug often had high plasma levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This cytokine is a proangiogenic factor overexpressed in many tumors and is also a regulator of limb development; hence, it might be a target of thalidomide. Using U-87 MG cell lines, we found that thalidomide, especially when encapsulated in a liposome, down-regulated the transcription and translation of the FGF-2 gene by interacting with G-rich regions present in the promoter and the internal ribosome entry site of its transcript at concentrations much lower than therapeutic serum concentrations. Thalidomide treatment also dramatically suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of U-87 MG and other glioma cells by over a thousand fold without affecting its anchorage-dependent growth, which may be accomplished by knocking down endogenous bFGF expression in these cells. Accordingly, the addition of recombinant bFGF partially restored the anchorage-independent growth of these cells. Our data suggest that by targeting the G-rich regions of bFGF, thalidomide (at 0.1 microg/mL) can reduce cellular bFGF levels and affect tumor anchorage-independent growth, the hallmark of tumorigenicity. Our results are promising for future clinical investigations using low doses of thalidomide.
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PMID:The G-rich promoter and G-rich coding sequence of basic fibroblast growth factor are the targets of thalidomide in glioma. 1868 60

Growth factor receptors and angiogenesis play major roles in the oncogenesis of gliomas. Over the last several years, several noncytotoxic molecular targeted therapies have been developed against growth factor receptors and tumor angiogenesis. In gliomas, two main anti-growth factor receptor strategies have been evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials: (a) small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and (b) monoclonal antibodies that target growth factors or growth factor receptors other than vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Up to now, few glioma patients have responded to small TKIs (0%-14%) or monoclonal antibodies (three case reports) delivered as a single agent. Greater doses, combined therapies, as well as the identification of molecular biomarkers predictive of response and resistance are important in order to optimize drug delivery and improve efficacy. Antiangiogenic therapies are promising for the treatment of gliomas. Thalidomide and metronomic chemotherapy were the first antiangiogenic strategies evaluated, but they have shown only modest activity. Recent studies of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, and irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, have demonstrated a high response rate, suggesting that targeted antiangiogenic therapies may play a significant role in the management of high-grade gliomas in the future. However, the toxicity profiles of these agents are not fully defined and the radiological evaluation of possible tumor response is challenging. Clinical evaluation of several VEGF receptor TKIs is currently ongoing; one of these inhibitors, cediranib, has already demonstrated interesting activity as a single agent. The integrin inhibitor cilengitide represents another promising strategy.
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PMID:Therapeutic application of noncytotoxic molecular targeted therapy in gliomas: growth factor receptors and angiogenesis inhibitors. 1877 39

A Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (Wnt-1) RNA interference expression vector was constructed during the present study, which was used to transfect the glioma U251 cell line and investigate its effect on glioma. Two 21-base oligonucleotides complementary to the coding sequence that was flanking the loop sequence were designed to form a DNA hairpin template for the target small interfering RNA (siRNA). The siRNA templates were cloned into the siRNA expression vector, pGPU6/green fluorescent protein (GFP)/Neo and the sequence was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The pGPU6/GFP/Neo-short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-Wnt-1 vector was subsequently transfected into U251 cells, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the Wnt-1 gene silencing effect on U251 cell growth by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The Wnt-1 protein expression was significantly reduced following transfection with the recombinant plasmid, as determined by western blot analysis of the transfected U251 cells. This transfection exhibited a significantly higher death rate, as shown by MTT. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Wnt-1 vector inhibited Wnt-1 protein expression. However, further investigations regarding the Wnt signaling pathway in glioma pathogenesis are required.
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PMID:Suppression of wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibits U251 glioma cell growth in vitro. 2543 37

Dendritic cell factor 1 plays important roles in neural stem cells differentiation and in glioma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Here, we used a tetracycline—inducible system that regulates the expression of Dendritic cell factor 1 in glioma cells. We constructed two tet—inducible vectors, pTRE—EGFP—DCF1 and pTRE—LJM1—DCF1, by modifying the promoter PCMV. In the absence of tetracycline or doxycycline, the expression of Dendritic cell factor 1 in cells co—transfected with pTRE—EGFP—DCF1 or pTRE—LJM1—EGFP—DCF1 and ptTS—Neo was suppressed through binding of the tetracyline—controlled transcriptional suppressor to tetracycline response element, and the suppression was released by the addition of doxycycline. Our work has laid foundations for potential clinical application of cancer therapy in realizing artificial regulation of gene.
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PMID:Conditional control of dendritic cell factor 1 expression by a tetracycline-inducible system. 2602 95

An increasing number of studies pays attention to cross-frequency coupling in neuronal oscillations network, as it is considered to play an important role in exchanging and integrating of information. In this study, two generalized algorithms, phase-amplitude coupling-evolution map approach and phase-amplitude coupling-conditional mutual information which have been developed and applied originally in an identical rhythm, are generalized to measure cross-frequency coupling. The effectiveness of quantitatively distinguishing the changes of coupling strength from the measurement of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is demonstrated based on simulation data. The data suggest that the generalized algorithms are able to effectively evaluate the strength of PAC, which are consistent with those traditional approaches, such as PAC-PLV and PAC-MI. Experimental data, which are local field potentials obtained from anaesthetized SD rats, have also been analyzed by these two generalized approaches. The data show that the theta-low gamma PAC in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 network is significantly decreased in the glioma group compared to that in the control group. The results, obtained from either simulation data or real experimental signals, are consistent with that of those traditional approaches PAC-MI and PAC-PLV. It may be considered as a proper indicator for the cross frequency coupling in sub-network, such as the hippocampal CA3 and CA1.
Cogn Neurodyn 2016 Jun
PMID:Two generalized algorithms measuring phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling in neuronal oscillations network. 2727 79

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal type of brain tumor that is not yet curable owing to its frequent resurgence after surgery. Resistance is mainly caused by the presence of a subpopulation of tumor cells, the glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. In 2015, Zikavirus (ZIKV)-induced microcephaly emerged in newborns, indicating that ZIKV has a specific neurotropism. Accordingly, an oncolytic tropism for infecting GSCs was demonstrated in a murine tumor model. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV is enveloped by two proteins, prM and E. The pME expression plasmid along with the HIV-1 vector pNL Luc AM generated prME pseudotyped viral particles. Four different prME envelopes, Z1 to Z4, were cloned, and the corresponding pseudotypes, Z1- to Z4-HIVluc, produced by this two-plasmid system, were tested for entry efficiency using Vero-B4 cells. The most efficient pseudotype, Z1-HIVluc, also infected glioma-derived cell lines U87 and 86HG39. The pseudotype system was then extended by using a three-plasmid system including pME-Z1, the HIV-1 packaging plasmid psPAX2, and the lentiviral vector pLenti-luciferase-P2A-Neo. The corresponding pseudotype, designated Z1-LENTIluc, also infected U87 and 86HG39 cells. Altogether, a pseudotyped virus especially targeting glioma-derived cells might be a promising candidate for a prospective glioblastoma-directed virotherapy.
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PMID:Zikavirus prME Envelope Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 as a Novel Tool for Glioblastoma-Directed Virotherapy. 3232 3


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