Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3 1/2-year-old girl with a huge optic glioma was reported. On February 26, 1978, she was hospitalized for signs of increased intracranial pressure, namely headache, vomiting and consciousness disturbance. Before admission she did not complain of her visual disturbance. A huge mass lesion in the subfrontal-suprasellar region was found by neuroradiological examination. The operation was performed on March 7, 1978, and the tumor arising from the right optic nerve, about 170 grams in weight, was totally removed in piecemeals. Histopathological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. Immediately after operation diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia developed, but two months later these symptoms disappeared. Post-operative CT scan demonstrated no mass lesion in the subfrontal-suprasellar region. After radiation therapy, she was discharged with slight left hemiparesis on August 31, 1978. Though her right eye was blind, visual acuity remained 0.2 in the left eye. No other neurologic deficits could be found.
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PMID:[Giant optic glioma--case report (author's transl)]. 49 74

A 3 1/2-year-old boy developed a mass lesion in the right basal ganglia and midbrain, compatible with glioma. During radiation therapy, aqueduct obstruction developed, necessitating a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt. The child improved and remained well for 6 years, when he developed recurrent symptoms. A computerized tomographic (CT) scan and ventriculogram revealed a large cyst arising from the region of the right basal ganglia, the site of the previous tumor. The VA shunt was converted to a cyst atrial shunt. Subsequently, the cyst decreased in size, but hydrocephalus recurred, as demonstrated by a second CT scan. A Y-tube shunt (one catheter in the cyst, one in the ventricle) has controlled symptoms and signs since that time.
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PMID:Large basal ganglia cyst in site of previously radiated glioma. Case report. 61 75

A 3 1/2-year-old white girl presented with unilateral proptosis and an orbital tumor that was diagnosed histopathologically as an unusual form of glioma of the optic nerve. The optic foramen was not enlarged but the ultrasonogram indicated a definite retrobulbar mass.
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PMID:Unusual glioma of the optic nerve. 122 98

The 5'-flanking region of the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene was isolated from a human placental genomic library using the cDNA fragment for the 5'-noncoding region of human BDNF as a probe. A 3.2 Kbp genomic fragment containing the 5'-flanking region, the first exon and a portion of the first intron was isolated and sequenced. The transcriptional initiation site, identified by S1 nuclease mapping, was located 26 bp downstream from the TATA-like sequence. Several expression plasmids, in which the BDNF promoter regions were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, were constructed. Transient expression in human glioma Hs683 cells demonstrated that a fragment of about 0.5 Kbp from the transcriptional initiation site was sufficient for promoter activity.
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PMID:Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. 133 67

First described on pre-B leukemia cells, the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (cALLa) is also expressed on glioma cells in vitro. Its identity to neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (E.C.3.24.11) was corroborated by our finding that cALLa positive glioma cells had NEP activity. To study cALLa/NEP distribution on glial tumours in vivo, we examined 76 brain tumour biopsies by immunostaining techniques on frozen tissue sections using anti-cALLa (FAH99) and anti-NEP (135 A 3) monoclonal antibodies. We found that 96% of grade 4 gliomas (25/26) expressed NEP. Whereas only 45% (4/9) of grade 3 or anaplastic astrocytomas did. In low grade gliomas, we found 2 positive tumours out of 21 tested (10%). Double immunostaining procedures revealed that NEP was co-expressed with GFAP. However no NEP could be detected on non-glial brain tumours nor on reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that cALLa/NEP expression could be linked to malignant progression of gliomas.
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PMID:Expression of cALLa/NEP on gliomas: a possible marker of malignancy. 153 80

An optic chiasm glioma may cause loss of vision, endocrine disturbances, hydrocephalus and cerebral ischemia due to its proximity to the pituitary, hypothalamus, III ventricle and internal carotids. A 3-month-old infant with optic chiasm glioma developed hypopituitarism and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone with plasma hypo-osmolality. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration was markedly elevated. The impairment of fluid absorption via arachnoid villi and peritoneum by the high protein content, and reversed osmotic gradient between protein-rich CSF and hypo-osmolar plasma may have contributed to both nonobstructive hydrocephalus and recurrent ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Cerebral ischemia from carotid compression may have led to cerebral atrophy.
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PMID:Optic chiasm glioma associated with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, cerebral ischemia, nonobstructive hydrocephalus and chronic ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. 179 May 31

A 3 1/2 year old girl who developed a gradual left hemiparesis and hemianopia is reported. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated an infiltrating-like high density lesion which crossed the splenium of the corpus callosum, thought to represent a glioma. Subsequent brain biopsy established the correct diagnosis of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GCL), which suggests that the radiographic appearance of late-onset GCL may mimic that of an infiltrating glioma.
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PMID:Late-onset globoid cell leukodystrophy mimicking an infiltrating glioma. 202 16

We have obtained a cDNA fragment to human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 human brain cDNA library with antibody to bovine GFAP. The highly homologous nucleotide sequence of this clone with that of the mouse GFAP enabled the identification of this cDNA as one encoding GFAP. As this cDNA hybridized with a single major RNA species in Northern blots of RNA from human and mouse brain tissues and gave one or two bands in Southern blots of human genomic DNA, it was considered to be specific for GFAP. Using this cDNA as a probe we investigated the levels of GFAP expression in ten human glioma cell lines. A 3.5-kb GFAP mRNA was detected in five of the ten glioma cell lines, one of which was U-251 MG cell line and the other four were clones derived from the same tumor (CL1, 2, 3, and 4). There was a difference in the amount of GFAP mRNA among U-251 MG and the four clonal cell lines. Quantitative evaluation of this difference by RNA dot blot analysis revealed that the amount of GFAP mRNA expressed in CL3 was about 1/5 and in CL4 about 1/10 the amount expressed in U-251 MG, CL1, and CL2. Semiquantitative Western blot analysis showed that GFAP levels corresponded to the GFAP mRNA levels in these cell lines. By Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA the GFAP gene was similarly detected in all of these cell lines regardless of the level of GFAP expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cell lines. 247 40

Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, are composed of cells that contain various amounts of DNA. We characterized cells dissociated from biopsy specimen of human gliomas by sorting vital cell populations on the basis of DNA content, determined the sensitivity of sorted cells to BCNU, and did the follow-up study using subpopulations cultivated for a long time after sorting on both the DNA histogram and the BCNU response. Seven malignant human gliomas carried in monolayer culture which had three peaks on the DNA histogram were used for this study. To obtain each DNA distribution histogram, cells were stained with chromomycin A 3 and were analyzed with a modified FACS III flow cytometer. Vital DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342 by means of a modification of the procedure of Jovin et al, which involved negligible toxicity to cells. Cells were sorted on FACS III at each peak on the DNA histogram. The colony forming efficiency (CFE) of each population was determined after sorting and surviving fraction was determined after exposure to graded doses (2.5-10 micrograms/ml X 2 hr) of BCNU. Six subpopulations derived from two human glioma cells were cultivated for a long time and reevaluated by both the DNA histogram and the sensitivity to BCNU. The CFEs for each cell population of three peaks on DNA histograms of human glioma cells were similar, except that the CFE for the far left peak (peak 1) in each histogram appeared to be slightly lower in four specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clonogenicity and BCNU response of subpopulations of human glioma cells sorted according to DNA content]. 406 24

A 3.5-kilobase cDNA encoding the dopamine transporter was isolated from a human substantia nigra cDNA library. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the transporter identified two nucleotide differences between the cDNA and published human dopamine transporter sequences. One of the substitutions changed an amino acid conserved among previously cloned dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine transporters, Arg-344, to a methionine. C6 glioma cells or COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA (C6-hDAT and Cos7-hDAT cells) accumulated [3H]DA with high affinity (Km = 1.2 and 1.5 microM, respectively), and DA uptake inhibitors had similar potencies in both cell lines. [3H]2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([3H]CFT) bound to membranes prepared from both cell lines with high affinity (Kd = 2-6 nM), although some experiments with C6-hDAT cell membranes indicated the presence of a second class of binding sites with lower affinity for the radioligand. Using the high-affinity Kd value for [3H]CFT binding determined in Cos7-hDAT cells to calculate Ki values, drug affinity for inhibition was highly correlated (r = .92) with affinity for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake, although transporter substrates were significantly more potent inhibitors of uptake than of [3H]CFT binding. The binding of [3H]1-[2-diphenylmethoxy]ethyl-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine ([3H]GBR-12935) to C6-hDAT cells could not be characterized due to high binding to untransfected C6 cells, but on Cos7-hDAT cells the radioligand labeled a single population of binding sites (Kd = 1 nM). Inhibition of [3H]GBR-12935 binding by drugs correlated highly with inhibition of either [3H]CFT binding (r = .98) or of [3H]DA uptake (r = .95).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of a recombinant human dopamine transporter in multiple cell lines. 761 9


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