Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vascularization of intracerebral transplantation tumors of the two rat glioma clones RG2 and F98 was studied in various stages of progressive tumor growth by use of biotinylated Ricinus communis agglutinin I (B-RCA I) in avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC)-histochemistry. The tumors were induced by stereotactic implantation of 1000 glioma cells into the right caudate nucleus of 26 adult CDF-rats and examined after 10, 14, 18, and 21 days following controlled intracardial perfusion of the host animals. Our histochemical results on paraffin sections demonstrate that B-RCA I selectively stains vascular endothelial cells of arteries, veins, and capillaries not only in the normal rat brain but also in the transplantation tumors. Subsequently morphometric measurements of the B-RCA I-stained sections were performed to define the tumor vascularization in quantitative terms. There was an increase in the mean tumor vessel diameters during tumor growth in both transplantation tumor types leading to values about two times above those of the normal rat striatum. On the contrary, the mean vessel density and the mean vessel surface per tumor area were markedly reduced in the late stages of both tumor types when compared to the normal striatum. The RG2 and F98 transplantation tumors differed with regard to the intercapillary distance, which was two times higher in the F98 transplantation tumors than in the RG2 tumors on day 21. In conclusion, B-RCA I is a very sensitive histochemical marker for rat vascular endothelia on paraffin sections. Moreover, this method appears to provide the possibility for qualitative and quantitative study of the development of vasculature in intracerebral transplantation systems including tumors.
 ...
PMID:Vascularization of syngenic intracerebral RG2 and F98 rat transplantation tumors. A histochemical and morphometric study by use of ricinus communis agglutinin I. 320 23

Chronological changes of glioma tissues treated with local immunotherapy with OK-432 were examined by immunohistochemical method. OK-432 was injected into glioma tissues through Ommaya's reservoir 3 days (3 patients), 7 days (2 patients) and 14 days (2 patients) prior to the operation. Frozen sections surgically obtained from these patients were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using Leu-series monoclonal antibodies for pan T lymphocytes (Leu-1), cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes (Leu-2 a), helper/inducer T lymphocytes (Leu-3 a), B lymphocytes (Leu-12), MHC class I antigen (beta 2m) and MHC class II antigen (HLA-DR). In 2 out of 7 glioma tissues obtained before local injection of OK-432, only few T lymphocytes were found infiltrating around the small blood vessels. In all glioma tissues obtained 3 and 7 days after injection, coagulation necrosis of glioma tissues was observed within 1-2 cm from Ommaya's tube and many T lymphocytes granulocytes and macrophages were infiltrating diffusely in the glioma tissues. Whereas in all glioma tissues obtained 14 days after injection, coagulation necrosis was also observed, however granulocytes and macrophages were scarce. The most of the infiltrating cells were T lymphocytes. Examination of T lymphocytes phenotypes revealed that both cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer phenotypes of T lymphocytes were intermingled with each other in all cases. beta 2m was expressed on the most of glioma cells in all cases before and after injection. Whereas HLA-DR antigen was expressed on the tumor cells in 4 out of 7 cases before injection, however this antigen was expressed in all cases after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Local immunotherapy with OK-432 for malignant gliomas--immunohistochemical analysis of chronological changes of tumor tissues]. 322 36

The vasculature and capillary permeability of gliomas induced by ethylnitrosourea in Sprague-Dawley rats were studied with horseradish peroxidase and Evans blue dye. The distribution of the boron-10 compound, Na2(10)B12H11SH, which is now in clinical use for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for brain tumors, was investigated quantitatively using neutron-induced alpha-autoradiography. The vasculature and the degree of capillary permeability varied widely, depending mainly on the size of the glioma, and were often heterogeneous even in the same tumor. The distribution of boron-10 also varied, correlating to capillary permeability. The boron-10 concentration and the tumor:blood concentration ratio in large and medium-sized gliomas were adequate for successful BNCT. This study suggests that the vasculature and capillary permeability of the target brain tumor exert an important influence on the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT.
 ...
PMID:Capillary permeability and boron distribution in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat glioma. 334 84

To investigate cell-mediated immune responses to central nervous system tumors, we immunohistochemically analyzed 32 operative specimens, including 19 primary tumors, 5 recurrent tumors, and 8 metastases, for the presence of infiltrating T lymphocytes. In 1 patient, an additional sample of normal brain was studied. Using monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocyte surface markers with a peroxidase technique on frozen sections, we determined that a mild lymphocytic response was present in 3 of 7 primary glial tumors, 1 of 4 recurrent glial tumors, and in 3 of 9 primary meningiomas. The predominant subset was Leu 2, or suppressor/cytotoxic. In contrast, 5 of 7 intracranial metastatic tumors and 1 extracranial metastasis showed marked infiltration with an overall Leu 3, or helper/inducer, predominance. The remainder of the specimens, including 1 recurrent meningioma, 3 neurinomas, and the normal brain sample, were free of infiltrates. Permanent sections revealed an overall pattern of lymphocytic infiltration similar to that of frozen sections. Although additional studies such as electron microscopy are required to establish definitively the lymphocytic nature of the infiltrates, these results support the concept of the ability of the body to mount a cell-mediated response against central nervous system tumors and imply a differential response to primary and secondary tumors.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of infiltrating lymphocytes in central nervous system tumors. 348 16

Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured human glioma, fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with Versene or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde prior to staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were GFAP-positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed GFAP. Two glioblastomas and an anaplastic astrocytoma had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% GFAP-positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for glioblastoma multiforme [12-18], oligodendroglioma [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for GFAP and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that GFAP-positive CHII and anaplastic astrocytoma cells were generally larger than GFAP-negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for glioblastoma [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.
 ...
PMID:Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured human glioma and fetal brain cells. 388 48

Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, we examined 35 primary brain tumors for expression of vimentin and GFAP. Both low-grade and high-grade astrocytomas contained vimentin-positive and GFAP-positive cells. Ependymomas also stained for both markers. In gliosarcomas, the glioblastomatous portions stained like astrocytomas, while only vimentin stain was seen in the fibrosarcomatous portions. Medulloblastomas and oligodendrogliomas were negative for both vimentin and GFAP, while meningiomas contained scattered areas of vimentin-positive cells. These results suggest that the expression of vimentin and GFAP is mostly confined to glial-derived tumors, and that vimentin can potentially be a useful marker for distinguishing undifferentiated GFAP-negative glial tumors and mesenchymal tumors from primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
 ...
PMID:Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumors. 388 31

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was purified from human spinal cord and cerebral white matter. GFAP was localized by an immuno-peroxidase method in normal adult and fetal human brains, rat brains, and 152 central nervous system (CNS) tumors. GFAP was found in reactive and normal astrocytes, immature cells of fetal brain at the 18th to 21st gestational weeks, and normal rat astrocytes. This GFAP staining was quite specific for glial tumors, including astrocytomas, glioblastomas, astroblastomas, and ependymomas. GFAP-positive cells were also found in oligodendrogliomas and choroid plexus papillomas, and they were interpreted as being astroglial or ependymal differentiations. Stromal cells in cerebellar hemangioblastomas were negative. However, engulfed astrocytes were found at the periphery of such tumors and often adjacent to the proliferate blood vessels. In meningiomas, neurinomas, metastatic carcinomas, pituitary adenomas and other non-glial tumors, GFAP-positive cells were not identified.
 ...
PMID:The determination of glial fibrillary acidic protein for the diagnosis and histogenetic study of central nervous system tumors: a study of 152 cases. 409 Oct 41

Seven different experimental glioma models were studied to determine their capillary permeability to horseradish peroxidase. The models were the autochthonous ASV-viral model, intracerebral (ic) and (sc) injections of rat 9L and RG-2 tumor cell lines, the sc rat S-69C15 tumor cell line, and human glioblastoma cell lines in nude mice. The ASV-viral model showed an average HRP permeability of 63% of tumor volume, the ic RG-2 tumors were 100% permeable, and the ic 9L tumors were 41% permeable. The permeability of the marginal zone (brain-tumor interface) showed similar variation from group to group. In contrast, all of the sc tumors were 100% permeable regardless of the cell line used to create the tumors. Our results show the variability between these glioma models, and suggest that RG-2 ic gliomas and all sc gliomas should be optimal to assess the tumoricidal effect of drugs, because access to the tumor compartment from the vascular compartment is complete.
 ...
PMID:Comparative permeability of different glioma models to horseradish peroxidase. 617 14

Regulation of cellular content of the endogenous opioid peptides Met5-enkephalin and Leu5-enkephalin was investigated in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells NG108-15 grown in both serum-supplemented and serum-free defined media. Untreated cells and cells induced to differentiate were stained using anti-Met5-enkephalin and anti-Leu5-enkephalin with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique at the light microscopic level. In untreated NG108-15 cells grown in serum-supplemented medium, intense enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was localized in cell bodies and short processes of a select population of cells. The volume fraction of stained untreated cells remained constant throughout the time period investigated. When cells were induced to differentiate with N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (dBcAMP) or 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1.0 mM) treatment for 5 days, staining was found throughout the cytoplasm of perikarya and the extensive processes which were expressed, and the volume fraction of stained cells increased over 2-fold. Receptor-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase by prostaglandin E1 (10 microM) for 5 days produced results similar to those with dBcAMP. Pure cultures of differentiated cells with intense staining were obtained by further treatment of cultures, grown in the presence or absence of dBcAMP, with arabinosylcytosine (araC). Untreated, dBcAMP-treated and araC-treated NG108-15 cells grown in defined medium expressed staining patterns and volume fractions of stained cells similar to those grown in serum-supplemented medium; sodium butyrate (1.0 mM), however, increased the volume fraction of stained cells grown in defined medium over 3-fold, whereas it had little effect on staining of cells grown with serum. The presence of both Met5- and Leu5-enkephalin-like activities in NG108-15 cells was confirmed in acid extracts of cells by radioreceptor assay after separation by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Induction of differentiation in NG108-15 cells by dBcAMP treatment increased the cellular concentration of both enkephalins to over 2 times the levels found in untreated cells. The biochemical analysis for Met5-enkephalin- and Leu5-enkephalin-like activity compared well with the immunocytochemical data indicating that the enkephalin content is correlated with the state of differentiation of NG108-15 cells.
 ...
PMID:Induction of differentiation increases Met5-enkephalin and Leu5-enkephalin content in NG108-15 hybrid cells: an immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis. 619 53

Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) techniques for the demonstration of neural and non-neural cell markers are contributing greatly to increase the diagnostic accuracy of difficult tumors of the central nervous system. Well characterized nervous system markers include glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, the three protein subunits of neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein, and S-100 protein. The most important and reliable of these is GFA protein, which is widely in use for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors of the glioma group. Its many practical applications are reviewed and illustrated. Other neural markers, in particular the specificity of NSE and S-100 protein, need to be critically evaluated. Problems related to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of central neuroepithelial tumors of putative neuroblastic origin remain complex and still need to be resolved. Non-neural markers, such as vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins, Factor VIII, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and immunoglobulins have well defined, although more restricted, applications in surgical neuropathology.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemistry of central nervous system tumors. Its contributions to neurosurgical diagnosis. 620 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>