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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mouse neuroblastoma (NB) cells in culture were more sensitive to sodium L-ascorbate than were rat glioma cells by the criterion of growth inhibition (due to cell death and reduction in cell division). Sodium L-ascorbate at nonlethal concentrations potentiated the effect of 5-fluorouracil (FUra), x-irradiation, bleomycin, RO20-1724, prostaglandin E1, and sodium butyrate on NB cells but did not produce such an effect on glioma cells. Sodium L-ascorbate did not enhance the effect of vincristine, 6-thioguanine, or 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) except at higher drug doses and it reduced the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) on NB cells. Sodium D-ascorbate produced effects similar to those produced by sodium L-ascorbate on NB cells. L-Ascorbic acid-2-sulfate (barium salt) affected neither the growth rate nor the effect of 5-FUra on NB cells. Glutathione, a reducing agent, was more toxic to NB cells in comparison to D- OR L-ascorbate; however, at a similar concentration it failed to potentiate the effect of 5-FUra on NB cells.
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PMID:Sodium ascorbate potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of certain agents on neuroblastoma cells in culture. 28 5

Clonal lines of murine neuroblastoma (NBP2) and rat glioma (C6) were used to investigate the effects of methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl). Glioma cells were more sensitive to CH3HgCl than NB cells on the criterion of growth inhibition, but these cells were equally sensitive to inorganic mercury (HgCl1), Tri-n-butyl lead acetate and acrylamide on the same criterion. Alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopheryl++ succinate and inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase protected glioma cells against the growth-inhibitory effect of CH3HgCl, but they failed to protect NB cells in culture. Glioma factors, sodium ascorbate, non-inhibitory concentrations of prostaglandins E1 (PGE1), and glutamate enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of CH3HgCl on both NB and glioma cells in culture. The levels of certain specific cAMP-dependent and -independent protein phosphorylations appear to be very sensitive to CH3HgCl, and can be altered in both cell types by concentrations of CH3HgCl which do not affect growth or morphology of these cells.
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PMID:New opportunities with neuronal cultures to study the mechanisms of neurotoxic injuries. 174 37

Detailed job histories and information about other suspected risk factors were obtained during interviews with 272 men aged 25-69 with a primary brain tumor first diagnosed during 1980-1984 and with 272 individually matched neighbor controls. Separate analyses were conducted for the 202 glioma pairs and the 70 meningioma pairs. Meningioma, but not glioma, was related to having a serious head injury 20 or more years before diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-5.4], and a clear dose-response effect was observed relating meningioma risk to number of serious head injuries (P for trend = 0.01; OR for greater than or equal to 3 injuries = 6.2; CI = 1.2-31.7). Frequency of full-mouth dental X-ray examinations after age 25 related to both glioma (P for trend = 0.04) and meningioma risk (P for trend = 0.06). Glioma, but not meningioma risk, related to duration of prior employment in jobs likely to involve high exposure to electric and magnetic fields (P for trend = 0.05). This risk was greatest for astrocytoma (OR for employment in such jobs for greater than 5 years = 4.3; CI = 1.2-15.6). More glioma cases had worked in the rubber industry (discordant pairs 6/1) and more worked in hot processes using plastics (9/1). More meningioma cases had jobs that involved exposure to metal dusts and fumes (discordant pairs 13/5), and six of these cases and two controls worked as machinists. Finally, there was a protective effect among glioma pairs relating to frequency of use of vitamin C and other vitamin supplements (P for trend = 0.004); the OR for use at least twice a day was 0.4 (CI = 0.2-0.8).
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PMID:Risk factors for gliomas and meningiomas in males in Los Angeles County. 279 Aug 26

Five primary and 3 established human glioma cell lines were cultured with ascorbate and examined for expression of extracellular matrix components. All lines except C6 expressed collagen as assessed by silver impregnation, immunofluorescence and lectin staining and expressed laminin and fibronectin. None expressed a lectin marker for endothelial cells. Both epithelial and mesenchymal collagens were expressed. While extracellular components of glioma lines resembled those of fibroblasts more closely than other cell types, subtle differences between gliomas and fibroblasts were present. These included more laminin and collagen type-IV antigenic reactivity and more 11-12 nm diameter extracellular fibrils from individual gliomas, and slight differences in spectra of low-molecular-weight extracellular proteins assessed by gel electrophoresis. One primary and two established glioma lines analysed for DNA content were aneuploid in contrast to diploid fibroblasts. Simultaneous expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers suggests a dual differentiation potential of glioma cells. Results do not support an endothelial origin for cells cultured from gliomas.
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PMID:Products of cells cultured from gliomas. IV. Extracellular matrix proteins of gliomas. 351 74

In mice ascorbate, when co-administered with morphine, suppresses the development of tolerance and physical dependence on the drug, without significantly affecting its analgesic properties as inferred from unaltered ED50 values. The duration of morphine-induced analgesia, however, is progressively reduced with an increase in the amounts of ascorbate. Ascorbate at 1g/kg body weight does not alter the pH of blood, and has no effect on the levels of lipid-peroxides in blood and brain. Studies presented in this paper suggest the potential use of ascorbate in the prevention of development of tolerance in therapeutic applications of narcotics as analgesics. Cultured Neuroblastoma X Glioma hybrid cells (NG 108-15) respond to opiates in two different ways. The rapid receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase is followed by a long-lived compensatory increase in its activity (1-4). In a recent report (5) we have shown that ascorbate suppresses the delayed etorphine-induced compensatory increase in cAMP levels in NG 108-15 cells without affecting the short-term inhibitory response of cells to the drug. It has been suggested that while the former may be the basis of narcotic dependence and tolerance, the latter is responsible for the analgesic effect. These observations, based on a model system, prompted us to examine the effect of ascorbate on the pharmacological properties of morphine at the organismal level.
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PMID:Megadoses of vitamin C prevent the development of tolerance and physical dependence on morphine in mice. 668 37

A population-based case-control study was performed in South-West Germany in 1987/88 with 115 histological confirmed glioma and 81 meningioma cases and 418 randomly selected controls. On the basis of information from a food-frequency questionnaire and questions on food preparation and food supply, the role of dietary carcinogens, in particular N-nitroso compounds or their precursors, on risk for glioma and meningioma were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Eleven food groups were investigated. The intake of processed meat was significantly associated with an increased risk of glioma. The intake of any food group was not significantly related to meningioma risk. Among single meat products, a significantly higher risk of glioma was found for cooked ham, processed pork meat and fried bacon. For the consumption of 3 N-nitrosamines, assessed from the intake of processed meat and cheese, significant positive relations to glioma risk were found. These N-nitrosamines were also related to meningioma risk, although to a less pronounced extent. The risk for occurrence of glioma was significantly increased for those using vegetable fat frequently for deep frying, as compared with non-users. For the dietary intake of nitrate, nitrite, vitamin C, specific alcoholic beverages, total alcohol, and water from a non-central supply, no elevated risk was found in this study.
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PMID:Dietary carcinogens and the risk for glioma and meningioma in Germany. 843 29

Incubation with L-DOPA induced a rise in GSH level in cultures of fetal rat mesencephalon, mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2A), human neuroblastoma (SK-N-MC), pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1), and glia from newborn rat brain, but not C6 glioma cells or neuronal cultures (no glia) from the mesencephalon. The pure neuronal cultures were destroyed by incubation with L-DOPA; added ascorbic acid or superoxide dismutase protected the cells. Washout of L-DOPA after 48 h amplified the rise in GSH content in mixed cultures (neurons plus glia). Examination of structure-activity relationships for elevating GSH levels in responsive cell types revealed that autooxidizable compounds (alpha-methyl-DOPA, dopamine, apomorphine, catechol, and hydroquinone) behaved similarly to L-DOPA, whereas structural analogues that cannot undergo autooxidation (3-O-methyl-DOPA, tyrosine, 2,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and resorcinol) failed to elevate GSH levels. Therefore, up-regulation of GSH appears to be a response to a mild oxidative stress. When mixed mesencephalic cultures were exposed to a strong oxidant stress by incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a loss in viability was seen. Cultures pretreated with L-DOPA or hydroquinone were protected from loss of viability. However, when cultures were pretreated with both L-DOPA and ascorbate, which prevents the rise in GSH level, protection was lost, in accord with the failure to up-regulate GSH. These results show that the up-regulation of cellular GSH evoked by autooxidizable agents is associated with significant protection of cells. Glia play an essential role in the response of mesencephalic cell cultures. An ability to up-regulate GSH may serve a protective role in vivo.
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PMID:L-DOPA up-regulates glutathione and protects mesencephalic cultures against oxidative stress. 859 19

The cytotoxic activity of sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate (SBA) against human KG-1-C glioma and T98G glioblastoma cell lines was augmented by pretreatment of the cells with L-buthionine-[S, R]-sulfoximine (BSO), which reduced the intracellular glutathione concentrations. SBA produced shrunken cells and large DNA fragments, without the induction of nuclear and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The rapid elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration observed after SBA treatment was further augmented by BSO pretreatment. A confocal experiment with Fluo-3 fluorescence revealed that SBA markedly elevated the free Ca2+ concentration in the nuclear region, but did not significantly affect that in the cytoplasmic region. The present study suggests that the nuclear accumulation of Ca2+ is an important initial step for cell death induction by SBA.
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PMID:Ca2+ mobilization during cell death induction by sodium 5, 6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate. 891 62

The roles of diet and tobacco in the etiology of primary brain cancer are controversial. In this report, we compare dietary and cigarette smoking histories among 434 adults newly diagnosed with glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area (California, USA) between 1991 and 1994 with frequency age, gender, and ethnicity-matched population-based controls. Data were obtained on use of vitamin supplements and mean weekly consumption of each of 24 food groups. Adjusted for age, family income, and education, for both men and women, cases had higher mean weekly consumption of cured meats and other cured foods, lower consumption of high vitamin A and C fruits and vegetables, and higher average intakes of beer and other alcohol than controls. Men with brain cancer were twice as likely as control men to report high consumption of cured foods and low consumption of foods rich in vitamin C (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-3.5). This association was less pronounced and not statistically significant in women (OR = 1.5, CI = 0.8-2.7). Similarly, men with brain cancer were twice as likely as controls to have high nitrite and low vitamin C consumption. Among men only, cases were 1.8 times more likely than controls to report smoking unfiltered cigarettes (CI = 0.9-3.4). Moreover, among smokers cases smoked unfiltered cigarettes almost twice as long as controls (P = 0.04) and cases' average total pack-years also significantly exceeded controls. Although these findings support the hypothesis that N-nitroso compounds might be a factor in adult glioma, they are compatible with other dietary hypotheses. In particular, these results also favor the hypothesis that total body burden of oxidants may play a role in brain cancer causation.
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PMID:Dietary and tobacco risk factors for adult onset glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area (California, USA) 905 16

We conducted a pilot study to determine whether: (1) high levels of energy intake increase glioma risk; (2) the previously observed relationship between cured meat consumption and glioma risk can be attributed to confounding by energy intake, and (3) alpha-tocopherol modifies caloric intake and gamma-tocopherol modifies cured meat consumption. We identified 40 age-sex-race matched glioma sets, and obtained serum vitamin C and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels for 23 of these sets. Glioma risk increased with quartile of total dietary energy adjusted for fat, protein, and nitrite-containing meat consumption (odds ratio = 1.0, 2.7, 5.8, 8.2; p value for trend test = 0.02). Although positive associations between individual cured meats and glioma risk decreased when adjusted for caloric intake, the small sample size makes it difficult to interpret the results. Serum alpha-tocopherol appeared to modify the effect of calories and serum gamma-tocopherol may modify the effect of cured meat on glioma risk. While the observed interaction is predicted by experimental research, our findings are based on small numbers. Larger studies are needed to further evaluate our preliminary findings.
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PMID:Hypotheses concerning roles of dietary energy, cured meat, and serum tocopherols in adult glioma development. 1020 69


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