Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The action of phenytoin on the inward calcium current (ICa) was studied in cells of the clonal mouse neuroblastoma X rat glioma hybrid line 108CC5 by the suction pipette technique for internal perfusion and voltage clamp. The ICa was recorded after suppression of Na+ and K+ currents. Phenytoin, applied externally in concentrations of 50 to 500 microM, depressed the ICa in the investigated potential range of -60 to +30 mV in a concentration-dependent manner. When the cells were stimulated by depolarizing clamp steps, the extent of the ICa depression increased with the frequency and duration of the activating pulses. ICa was also inhibited on intracellular application of phenytoin.
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PMID:Calcium channel block by phenytoin in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. 241 95

Phenytoin is a highly effective anticonvulsant agent that is widely administrated to prevent some kinds of patients with brain tumor. But it has been said that phenytoin may have some immunosuppresive potential for hosts. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phenytoin upon cellular immunity such as NK, CTL and LAK activity in murine models. Fresh splenocytes were taken out from mice (CBA/J, C 3 H/HeN, C 57 BL/6) into which phenytoin had been injected intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 1,000 micrograms for 28 days. The serum concentration of phenytoin in the experimental models was 10-20 micrograms/ml. The cytotoxic activities were estimated by a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. The mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte function was evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The NK activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of splenocytes of CBA/J mice against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of splenocytes of C 57 BL/6 mice which were stimulated in vitro for 5 days by splenocytes of C 3H/HeN treated with mitomycin C, against RSV-M glioma cells. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of LAK cells, which were induced from splenocytes of C 3 H/HeN mice by human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), against syngeneic RSV glioma and allogeneic 203 glioma cells. 3H-thymidine incorporation of splenocytes of C 57 BL/6 mice was reduced significantly (p less than 0.01) in phenytoin-treated mice. The cytotoxicity of splenocytes of non-treated CBA/J mice against YAC-1 cells was 75%, but that of phenytoin-treated CBL/J mice was a few %.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of phenytoin on cell-mediated immunity]. 350 27

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimigratory and antiinvasive potential of vincristine sulfate (VCR) on human glioma cells and to analyze whether phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin; DPH) might act synergistically with VCR. Vincristine affects the cytoplasmic microtubules; DPH has been reported to enhance VCR cytotoxicity in murine cells. In two human glioma cell lines, GaMG and D-37MG, we found VCR to reduce monolayer growth and colony formation in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations of 10 ng/ml and above. Phenytoin increased the cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of VCR in monolayer cells but not in spheroids. Multicellular spheroids were used to investigate directional migration. A coculture system of GaMG and D-37MG spheroids with fetal rat brain aggregates was used to analyze and quantify tumor cell invasion. A dose-dependent inhibition of migration and invasion by VCR was observed in both cell lines without further enhancement by DPH. Immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies against alpha-tubulin revealed dose-dependent morphological alterations in the microtubules when the cells were exposed to VCR but not after incubation with DPH. Based on the combination of standardized in vitro model systems currently in use and the present data, the authors strongly suggest that VCR inhibits migration and invasion of human glioma cells. This is not altered by DPH, which inhibits cell proliferation in combination with VCR.
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PMID:Differential effects of vincristine and phenytoin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cell lines. 753 63

Serious dermatologic adverse events such as erythema multiforme (EM) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) have been reported in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and cranial radiotherapy (RT). Given the frequency of AED-associated rashes and the infrequency of serious dermatologic adverse events after cranial RT, we sought to further assess the prevalence of cutaneous eruptions in patients receiving an AED before and after cranial RT. We reviewed medical records of patients taking AEDs while undergoing RT for a high-grade glioma and recorded demographic, disease, and treatment parameters, as well as the development of rashes. Rashes were found in 19 % of patients taking AEDs. Phenytoin was most commonly implicated (93 %) in rash formation compared with other AEDs (P < 0.0001), both before and during RT. Most rashes (76 %) occurred before starting RT (P < 0.0001). However, of those during RT, most were associated with phenytoin compared with other AEDs (P = 0.002). One case of SJS was noted in a patient receiving phenytoin prior to RT. While rashes were slightly less prevalent in patients receiving temozolomide compared with those not receiving temozolomide (3.4 vs 4.8 %), this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.65). Rashes are relatively common in patients receiving AEDs, with the highest incidence associated with phenytoin. However, the risk of serious dermatologic events is low. There did not appear to be an association between the receipt of cranial radiotherapy and the development of AED-associated rash with phenytoin or other AEDs.
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PMID:EMPACT syndrome: limited evidence despite a high-risk cohort. 2479 90