Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report four cases of the use of peroperative cortical mapping during craniotomy under local anaesthesia to define the relationship between the glioma and speech and somatosensory cortex. This enabled a radical subtotal (two cases) or an apparent total (two cases) excision of the tumour close to the somatosensory and speech cortex with no permanent neurological deficit. Use of this technique allows radical excision of intrinsic low and intermediate grade gliomas that would otherwise be considered unexcisable and may lead to an improved survival.
 ...
PMID:Cortical mapping and local anaesthetic resection as an aid to surgery of low and intermediate grade gliomas. 131 90

Updating a previous report, the authors offer a review of 45 patients between age 2 and 63 treated by direct surgical excision for brainstem tumours of various description. Since 1986 all candidate patients were examined by NMR imaging in addition to CT scanning, sometimes with the further addition of digital-subtraction vertebral angiography. By Epstein and McLeary's criteria, 24 of the tumours were focal, 12 were cervicomedullary and 9 were diffuse. The most frequent histological diagnosis was glioma (36 cases between low-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma); the balance was provided by cavernoma (6 cases), haemangioblastoma (2 cases), and lipoma (2 cases). Gross total resection was achieved in 28 patients, namely all those with ependymoma or vascular tumours and 14 of 17 with low-grade astrocytoma. Resection was subtotal in 16 cases and confined to a generous biopsy in one. There was no operative mortality, but 2 deaths occurred in the early postoperative period. At discharge, neurological status was unchanged or improved in 35 cases. At 3-month follow-up examination, 12 patients were improved, 27 were unchanged and 3 were worsened. By January 1990 (6 to 72 months postoperatively) 27 of the first 40 patients treated were alive: 13 had resumed normal life, 6 were self-sufficient and 8 were disabled. The authors conclude that present-day microsurgical resection of intra-axial brainstem tumours is associated with low mortality and morbidity and affords favourable results for which they credit high-quality NMR imaging, efficient microsurgery, adequate anesthesia, and competent postoperative intensive care.
 ...
PMID:Direct surgery for brainstem tumours. 180 73

We report four cases of the use of per-operative cortical mapping during craniotomy under local anaesthesia to define the relationship between the glioma and speech and somatosensory cortex. This enabled a radical subtotal (two cases) or an apparent total (two cases) excision of the tumour close to somatosensory and speech cortex with no permanent neurological deficit. Use of this technique allows radical excision of intrinsic low and intermediate grade gliomas that would otherwise be considered unexcisable and may lead to an improved survival.
 ...
PMID:Cortical mapping and resection under local anaesthetic as an aid to surgery of low and intermediate grade gliomas. 196 87

We report two right-handed patients who underwent resection of intrinsic glial tumors from the nondominant hemisphere, face motor cortex. Both patients underwent preoperative assessment with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging localizing the tumor in the inferior region of the Rolandic cortex. With the patients under general anesthesia and without muscular paralysis, the tumor volume was determined by intraoperative ultrasound and resective surgery accomplished with the aid of cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping techniques. Radical resection of the tumor from the face motor cortex was achieved in both patients. A transient contralateral facial weakness and apraxia were noted in each patient, and this resolved within 6 to 8 weeks following surgery. Removal of intrinsic tumors involving the nondominant face motor cortex may be safely achieved using brain mapping techniques to localize inferior Rolandic cortex and avoid resection of the hand motor cortex and descending subcortical motor pathways. Permanent disability will be prevented due to the bilateral representation of face motor function at the neocortical level. However, due to language localization in cortical zones contiguous with the dominant hemisphere, face motor cortex, we do not recommend resection of this region.
 ...
PMID:Resection of intrinsic tumors from nondominant face motor cortex using stimulation mapping: report of two cases. 205 73

The authors examined the growth rate of mouse 203 glioma cells in vitro and found it to be markedly inhibited after exposure to ACNU for 5 minutes at a drug concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Rats that had undergone intracranial implantation of T1 neurogenic tumor were treated by 5 mg/kg of ACNU administered either intravenously or intra-arterially. The median survival times for the control animals and the animals undergoing intravenous or intracarotid administration of ACNU were 23, 29, and 46 days, respectively. The difference in survival time between the intravenous and intracarotid administration groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.01) when examined by the Cox-Mantel test. In a clinical trial, 17 patients with glioblastoma were treated by ACNU, eight intravenously and nine by the intra-arterial route. The drug was given in doses of 2 to 3 mg/kg at least twice before and twice after a course of postoperative radiotherapy. Intra-arterial administration was performed over a period of 5 minutes under local anesthesia. The median postoperative survival time for the patients in the intra-arterial group was 12.5 months, compared with 9.0 months for those in the intravenous group. The survival rate for the intra-arterial group was slightly higher, although statistically not significant, probably because the number of cases was small. The degree of thrombocytopenia due to ACNU tended to be less marked in the intra-arterially treated patients. The theoretical advantages of the intra-arterial administration of ACNU are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Intra-arterial ACNU therapy for malignant brain tumors. Experimental studies and preliminary clinical results. 657 43

Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) of anesthetized rats bearing ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced gliomas was studied with 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiography. Single subcutaneous injection of ethylnitrosourea (50 mg/kg) was made to the newborn rats, and animals were used for experiment at 150 to 300 days after birth. Under ketamine anesthesia, 14C-deoxyglucose was injected through a venous catheter, and timed arterial sampling was made. Brains were removed at 45 min after injection, and prepared for macro-autoradiography. LCGU values were measured by the equation developed by Sokoloff et al. In the microtumors (less than 2 mm in diameter), mean LCGU value was 30 mumol/100 g/min, which was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than mean value of normal cortex (63 mumol/100 g/min). In the macrotumors (greater than 2 mm in diameter). LCGU values in the tumor were separated to high part (mean; 49 mumol/100 g/min) and low part (mean; 38 mumol/100 g/min), which were still lower than mean cortical value and higher than mean white matter value (corpus callosum; 26 mumol/100 g/min). No LCGU changes were noted in the brain tissue adjacent to the microtumors. Whereas, macrotumor significantly reduced LCGU in the adjacent cortex. The present data may indicate that glucose metabolism of the ENU induced glioma and edematous peritumoral brain tissue is lower than that of normal cortex.
 ...
PMID:[Local cerebral glucose utilization in the ethylnitrosourea-induced rat glioma]. 712 78

Under local anesthesia, gliomas of the premotor and primary motor cortex can be surgically removed with minimal morbidity. However, since these neoplasms exhibit an infiltrative growth pattern towards the pyramidal tract and are frequently not well delineated from functional motor cortex, the long-term outcome is unfavorable. In this series, 5 of 11 patients presented with a recurrent tumor within two years of operation. Two of these patients with recurrent tumors initially had a low grade glioma and three an anaplastic glioma. Due to the longer progression-free interval after surgery and the unpredictable course of patients with low grade gliomas, all efforts should be undertaken to achieve safe and radical resection with the use of intraoperative mapping and monitoring techniques as well as cryo-cut examinations at all tumor border zones to prove radicality. Since malignant tumors are known to recur in most instances, radical resection is justified only in functionally safe areas.
 ...
PMID:Surgery of astrocytomas in the motor and premotor cortex under local anesthesia: report of 11 cases. 758 63

We report the case of a 21-year-old male who sustained an uncal herniation and subsequent brain death following general anesthesia, for a minor orthopedic procedure, owing to the presence of a large, unsuspected temporal glioma. The possible factors responsible for the precipitation of this event are appraised.
 ...
PMID:Post-anesthesia uncal herniation secondary to a previously unsuspected temporal glioma. 759 36

Fourteen adult Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in vivo unilaterally in the caudate nucleus in the brain with malignant RG 2 glioma cells. By 3 weeks a tumor with a diameter of 3-6 mm normally develops. Ten animals which survived the repeated periods of anesthesia and thallium (Tl) injections (intratumorally three times of 201Tl, 15-23 days after inoculation) showed a prolonged retention of radioactivity at the site of injection with no uptake in other organs except for the kidneys. Singular circumscribed necroses were found post-mortem at the site of injection, comprising malignant glioma tumor tissue, which in six animals was absent, in three animals was markedly reduced in size compared with controls and in one animal had the expected size. In four animals metastases were found in distant locations in the brain; in three of these cases there was a retention of radioactivity in the tumor. The selective necrotizing effect on the tumor cells is interpreted as mainly due to emission of Auger electrons from intracellularly accumulated 201Tl, giving rise to very high energy deposition in the vicinity of the cell nucleus. The results should also have implications for the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
 ...
PMID:Necrosis of malignant gliomas after intratumoral injection of 201Tl in vivo in the rat. 775 74

Little is known about the influence of infiltrating gliomas on the responsivity of the cerebral circulation to anesthetic agents. Therefore we designed a study to address this issue. Male Fischer 344 rats were assigned to two tumor groups and one sham group. In the two tumor groups, glioma cells were stereotactically injected into the right striatum; animals in the sham group were injected with sterile culture medium only. Either 12 or 16 days after injection, the rats were anesthetized with 1 MAC halothane in 40% O2/balance N2. Local and remote regional cerebral blood flow was then determined using 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Physiologic values (PaCO2, PaO2, pHa, mean arterial pressure, and rectal temperature) were similar for both tumor and sham groups. Tumor volume was relatively small (cross-sectional diameter = 2-3 mm), and there was no evidence of midline shift in coronal tissue sections. Blood flow within the tumor was substantially reduced relative to adjacent structures (e.g., tumor = 88 +/- 10 ml/100 g/min; adjacent caudate = 161 +/- 23 ml/100 g/min). There were no significant differences between the tumor and sham groups for regional blood flow values in histologically normal tissue in either the injected or contralateral hemispheres. We conclude that this model of brain neoplasia shows no evidence of either local or remote changes in the cerebrovascular responsibility of normal tissue to volatile anesthesia.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral blood flow in a rat glioma model during halothane anesthesia. 840 Jul 58


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>