Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients, 12 with glioblastoma multiforme and 3 with anaplastic astrocytoma, were treated with "eight-drugs-in-one-day" chemotherapy [methylprednisolone 300 mg/m2, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum of 2 mg/cycle), CCNU 75 mg/m2, procarbazine 75 mg/m2, hydroxyurea 3,000 mg/m2, cisplatin 90 mg/m2, cytosine arabinoside 300 mg/m2, and imidazole carboxamide 150 mg/m2]. All patients had prior brain irradiation but none had previous chemotherapy. The population included 10 patients with progressive disease after irradiation and 5 who presented within 2 months of completing radiation. Patients received an average of 5 monthly cycles of chemotherapy. Three patients achieved a complete and 2 a partial response (CR + PRrate was 33%). The median survival time was 46 weeks. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. Leucocyte counts between 2.0-4.5 x 10(3)/mm3 were observed in 40% of patients, between 1.0- less than 2.0 x 10(3)/mm3 in 33%, and less than 1.0 x 10(3)/mm3 in 7%. Platelet counts between 50-130 x 10(3)/mm3 were observed in 27% of patients, and less than 50 x 10(3)/mm3 in 33%. Six patients suffered infections, 4 had reversible renal toxicity, 2 developed paresthesias, and one a debilitating myopathy related to treatment with dexamethasone. Ototoxicity was seen in 3 patients. Two patients developed pulmonary emboli. Nine patients had nausea and vomiting, in one case associated with Candida esophagitis. One long-term survivor developed necrosis of the corpus callosum and dementia. Four patients discontinued treatment after an average of 3.5 cycles because of toxicity. Although extremely toxic, this regimen has modest activity in previously irradiated adult patients with malignant glioma.
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PMID:Eight-drugs-in-one-day chemotherapy in postirradiated adult patients with malignant gliomas. 258 61

Cerebral tuberculoma is a rare cause of intracranial mass. In Latin America and Colombia where tuberculosis is endemic, it represents between 5 and 30% of brain tumours. A 53-year-old Colombian woman was admitted to a third-level hospital in Cali, Colombia, after reporting loss of consciousness, headache, paresthesia, and flight of ideas for a two-week period. Imaging studies showed a left frontal mass of malignant appearance whose first possible diagnosis was metastatic neoplasia or glioma. With the initial results, absence of history of chronic infectious diseases and a history of thyroidectomy, a surgical procedure was carried out and a histopathological and molecular evaluation was conducted. The pathology report noted necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and tissue staining and molecular tests for detection of M. tuberculosis were positive and the patient was managed with anti-tubercular treatment. Intracranial masses are frequently targeted as a malignant neoplastic disease for surgical treatment. Considering an infectious etiology must be a diagnostic option.
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PMID:Solitary intracranial tuberculoma mimicking a malignant tumor in a patient without tubercular lesions or a history of disease: a case report. 2372 11

Unlike in children, brain stem gliomas in adult are rare and still poorly understood. In addition, most adult brain stem gliomas result predominantly in the pons and are less often found in the medulla oblongata. Here, we report a case of an adult glioma in the medulla oblongata and its molecular biological features. A 46-year-old male presented with gait disturbance, paresthesia, and dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse hyper-intensive lesion in the medulla oblongata on a T2-weighted image without gadolinium contrast enhancement. We performed an open biopsy and the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as a diffuse astrocytoma. Molecular biological analyses revealed the absence of histone H3.3 mutation (H3F3A K27M), and presence of methylation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter and a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1). The patient received local radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. The patient's symptoms were ameliorated, and MRI showed no tumor growth at 6 months after the initial treatment. Biopsy for brain stem lesions is generally thought to have risk of complications, but if performed minimally, it is useful to diagnose and determine treatment strategy. Obtaining patient characteristics and molecular biological features will provide insight towards therapeutic treatment for adult brain stem gliomas.
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PMID:Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma in the Medulla Oblongata: Molecular Biological Analyses Including H3F3A Mutation of Histone H3.3. 2866 93