Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extracranial metastases from glioblastoma are uncommon, likely because short patient survival time prevent them to occur. Most of the few previously reported cases occurred after invasive surgical procedures. We describe a case of glioblastoma with concomitant seeding along the stereotactic biopsy trajectory and subcutaneous metastasis. A 60-year-old woman presented with severe headache. Neuroradiological work-up (including cranial computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging) showed a heterogeneous hyperdensity, suggestive of malignant glioma, in the left parietal region. A computed tomographic-guided stereotactic biopsy was performed and microscopic examination attested a diagnosis of glioblastoma. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered. Eight months later, the patient presented with a subcutaneous tumor in the left occipital region. A cranial computed tomographic scan revealed a large enhancement of the initial tumor, intracranial tumor seeding along the stereotactic biopsy trajectory, and a subcutaneous tumor. Partial resection of the subcutaneous lesion was performed, and histological examination identified an extracranial metastasis from the glioblastoma. Although uncommon, this observation points to the risk of tumor seeding following stereotactic biopsy, and to the close connection between this intracranial seeding and subcutaneous metastasis.
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PMID:Subcutaneous tumoral seeding from a glioblastoma following stereotactic biopsy: case report and review of the literature. 1632 Aug 17

Infiltration of the leptomeninges by a malignant glioma typically occurs with recurrent supratentorial tumors, but patients may present with leptomeningeal gliomatosis before the primary tumor is diagnosed. This report describes two patients who presented with headache and signs of multifocal neurological disease. One of the patients had neurofibromatosis type I. In both patients the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed a mild pleocytosis, but malignant cells were not detected. The diagnosis of leptomeningeal gliomatosis was not confirmed until autopsy, but in retrospect imaging showed a small, asymptomatic primary tumor in both patients. Leptomeningeal gliomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis, if the patient is afebrile and if there are multifocal neurological signs, even when a primary tumor is not obvious.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal infiltration as the presenting manifestation of a malignant glioma. 1643 Nov 8

Intracranial germinoma arising primarily in the midbrain is extremely rare. We present the first reported case of cystic midbrain germinoma that lacked evident solid components and mimicked a midbrain glioma. In a 22-year-old man with headache and diplopia, magnetic resonance imaging showed a ring-enhancing lesion in the midbrain. The preoperative diagnosis included brain stem glioma, metastasis, and neuroepithelial cyst. A neuroendoscopic biopsy specimen provided a histologic diagnosis of germinoma. The patient responded well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The case illustrates the diagnostic value of neuroendoscopic biopsy in the differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions in adult. The possibilities considered should now include germinoma.
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PMID:Primary midbrain cystic germinoma mimicking glioma: a case with neuroendoscopic biopsy. 1655 47

Pituicytoma is a rare tumor in the sellar or suprasellar region with distinct histological characteristics of glial neoplasm. A 42-year-old woman presented with a history of amenorrhea and vertigo, and a 62-year-old woman presented with mild headache. Both patients had mild hyperprolactinemia and one had mild anterior pituitary dysfunction. They underwent transcranial partial resection of a suprasellar tumor. The tumors were characterized by storiform pattern of elongated cells immunoreactive for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrastructural study showed abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filaments and tumor/blood vessel basal lamina, but no desmosomes between tumor cells. The residual tumors showed no changes in size without adjuvant therapy at 56 and 18 months after surgery. Pituicytoma is a glial neoplasm of adults with low proliferative activity. Patients often present with visual symptoms or anterior pituitary dysfunction. Symptoms and signs of neurohypophysis are rare. Neuroimaging reveals an intra- or suprasellar mass with non-specific features. The prognosis and role of adjuvant therapy remain unclear for this discrete noninfiltrative glioma.
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PMID:Pituicytoma. Two case reports. 1656 86

We report two cases of brain glioma that developed in the scar of an old brain trauma. The first is that of a 40-year-old man who presented with severe headaches; CT and MRI showed a large mass in the right parietal region. The tumor was unresectable and surgical biopsy showed a glioblastoma multiforme. The patient had suffered a cranial trauma in a road accident 20 years previously with an intrathecal hematoma in the right parietal region. The second case concerns a 60-year-old man who, 15 years after severe head injury in a road accident, developed a glioblastoma multiforme which was localized in the scar of the brain contusion. These cases fulfill the established criteria for a traumatic origin of brain tumors and add further support to the relationship between cranial trauma and the onset of glioma. As stated by other authors, an association between head trauma and brain tumor risk cannot be ruled out and should be studied further.
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PMID:Post-traumatic glioma: report of two cases. 1672 99

Several types of mass lesions may occur in the third and lateral ventricles. Typically they arise from the lining of the ventricular cavity or from contiguous structures, by extension into the ventricle. The authors describe two patients, each of whom presented with a different rare lesion of the ventricular system. The first was a 53-year-old woman with a history of hypertension who sustained a blunt traumatic injury to the occipital region and subsequently developed a progressively worsening right-sided headache. Radiological examinations over the next 2 years revealed an enlarged right lateral ventricle and, ultimately, a choroid plexus cyst in its anterior and middle third, near the foramen of Monro, which is a rare location for these lesions. The cyst was removed en bloc, and follow-up examinations showed a significant improvement in her headache and a minimal differences in size between right and left ventricles. The authors also describe a 57-year-old man with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and an old mycardial infarct, who presented to an outside institution with a progressively worsening headache, generalized malaise, and loss of olfactory sensation. Diagnostic imaging revealed a 1.5-cm oval lesion centered in the lamina terminalis region, an open craniotomy was performed, and evaluation of a biopsy sample demonstrated the mass to be a chordoid glioma of the third ventricle, a recently described glioma subtype. Two days after surgery, he suffered a left parietal stroke and an anterior mycardial infarction. After convalescing, he presented to The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for radiotherapy and follow up; 7 months later he was readmitted complaining of headache, short-term memory loss, and worsening confusion and disorientation. Neuroimaging revealed progression of the tumor (now 2 cm in diameter), which was removed by gross-total resection. His headache resolved immediately, and 2 months later his only complaint was of episodes of confusion. Three weeks later he died of a massive myocardial infarction. These two patients represent the sixth case of an adult with a choroid plexus cyst in the anterior lateral ventricle and the 19th case of an adult with a chordoid glioma of the third ventricle, respectively.
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PMID:Choroid plexus cyst and chordoid glioma. Report of two cases. 1672 23

Papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) has recently been identified as a new variant of mixed neuronal-glial tumors. We report the clinical and pathological features of PGNT in two Chinese patients. One patient was a 35-year-old man who suffered from intractable seizures for 16 years. Another was a 26-year-old woman who presented with headache for 2 years. In both patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed well demarcated, mixed cystic and solid tumor in the temporal lobe. Histology of the excised tumors revealed a pseudopapillary architecture surrounded by a glial component and intervening areas were occupied by neuronally differentiated cells. No cortical dysplasia was found in the neighboring cortex in one of them. The glial component showed immunoreactivity with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein. Neuronally differentiated cells were immunolabeled by antisynaptophysin, NF, NeuN and MAP2 antibodies. Some small cells surrounding the surface of the pseudopapillae and in the compact area were immunopositive for Olig2. The MIB-1 labeling index was < 3%. The tumor did not recur within the follow-up periods of 50 months and 13 months, and the patient with temporal lobe epilepsy became seizure-free after surgery.
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PMID:Papillary glioneuronal tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases. 1677 Nov 82

The etiology of cerebral hemorrhage is not always easy to diagnose and modern neuroimaging methods may be deceptive. The authors report on a 48-year-old previously healthy male admitted to hospital with a first-time severe generalized epileptic seizure. The patient presented with aphasia, confusion, headaches, nausea, right hemianopia and early papilledema. CT revealed an intracerebral hematoma in the left occipital lobe but MRI and MRA failed to provide any further insight into the etiology of the hemorrhage. Due to persisting intracranial hypertension, the patient underwent neuroendoscopic removal of the hematoma. After blood clots were evacuated, pathologic vascularity was found. Tissue samples were collected from the walls of the hematoma cavity. Neoplastic cells adjacent to the blood vessels were identified in one of the samples. The patient was reoperated and a glioma-like tumor was removed. The diagnosis of cerebral intratumoral hemorrhage is difficult especially when there are no previous clinical signs of a tumor. Neuroendoscopy may speed up the diagnostic process which usually extends past resorption of the haematoma and the technique may be an alternative to stereotactic surgery.
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PMID:[Endoscopic method in etiological diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Case report]. 1687 45

The aim of this study was to describe adult patients' experiences of falling ill and being diagnosed with low-grade glioma. Information concerning such experiences is lacking in the literature. The study population were adults identified within a well-defined population. Interviews were conducted with 27 patients. The interview texts were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Illness onset was described as a sequence of events. Nineteen patients narrated rapid onset and 8 patients prolonged onset. The most commonly described symptoms in both types of onset were headache, epileptic seizures, vomiting, and vision changes. Racing thoughts, depression, and tinnitus were 3 of the more uncommon symptoms. The most prominent negative experiences regarding healthcare included disrespectful encounters and a lack of opportunity for participation. The salient negative life-situation consequences included a lack of social support and attitudes expressing a lack of understanding. However, to some extent, positive experiences also emerged in the interviews concerning healthcare and life situation despite the onset of the illness. In conclusion, most of the patients in the study experienced the illness onset as stressful. Healthcare staff need particular knowledge to understand the vulnerability of the patient in the onset of low-grade glioma.
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PMID:Experiences of onset and diagnosis of low-grade glioma from the patient's perspective. 1700 16

We describe a lesion with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of a glioblastoma mutiforme and demonstrate how perfusion MRI and proton MR spectroscopic imaging can be used to differentiate necrotizing cerebritis from what appeared to be a high-grade glioma. A 43-year-old woman presented to her physician complaining of progressive visual disturbance and headache for several weeks. Conventional MRI demonstrated a parietal peripherally enhancing mass with central necrosis and moderate to severe surrounding T2 hyperintensity, suggesting an infiltrating high-grade glioma. However, advanced imaging, including dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), suggested a nonneoplastic lesion. The DSC MRI data demonstrated no hyperperfusion within the lesion and surrounding T2 signal abnormality, and the MRSI data showed overall decrease in metabolites in this region, except for lactate. Because of the aggressive appearance to the lesion and the patients' worsening symptoms, a biopsy was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was necrotizing cerebritis. After the commencement of steroid therapy, imaging findings and patient symptoms improved. This report will review the utility of advanced imaging for differentiating inflammatory from neoplastic appearing lesions on conventional imaging.
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PMID:Perfusion MR imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in differentiating necrotizing cerebritis from glioblastoma multiforme. 1727 20


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