Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 11-year-old female presented with headache in May 1993. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging disclosed a small lesion (9 mm in diameter) in the left occipital lobe. No treatment was performed because the lesion was small. She subsequently developed frequent episodes of scintillating scotoma in the right visual field eleven months later. MR imaging eleven months after the first MR imaging showed the lesion had enlarged to 14 mm in diameter. Preoperative surface electroencephalography (EEG) detected no spike waves. The diagnosis was localized glioma. The mass was totally removed by gyrectomy in December 1994. Intraoperative cortical EEG demonstrated spike waves which disappeared after tumor removal. The histological diagnosis was pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. No postoperative neurological deficit was recognized, and scintillating scotoma and headache disappeared. Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery was performed. The scintillating scotoma was caused by the tumor, because the spike wave and phase reversal were detected by the intraoperative cortical EEG. Intraoperative EEG is useful for the diagnosis of epilepsy caused by tumor. Sulcotomy and gyrectomy are the optimal surgical treatments for epilepsy caused by a localized glioma.
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PMID:[Localized glioma in the occipital lobe manifesting as scintillating scotoma: case report]. 905 35

Two cases of astrocytoma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis type; NF-1) were reported. The first case wes a 60-year-old man who had been diagnosed as von Recklinghausen's disease on the basis of skin findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tumor in the left temporal lobe. Partial removal was performed with neuronavigator, and because of the existence of Rosenthal fiber the histological diagnosis was pilocytic astrocytoma. Radiation therapy was performed. The second case was a 6-year-old boy suffering from headache and left hemiparesis including his face. MRI showed a tumor with a cyst in the right thalamus and obstructive hydrocephalus. Initially CT-guided stereotactic biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis, on the basis of increased cellularity, pleomorphism and nuclear atypia without necrosis or vascular proliferation, was anaplastic astrocytoma. Radiation and chemo-immuno therapy were carried out after V-P shunt. It is well known that von Recklinghausen's disease (NF-1) is often associated with optic glioma (5-36%). In the literature, the glioma seldom occurs in other parts of the brain, supratentorial glioma especially is rare. Only two familial cases of supratentorial glioma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease have been reported. The prognosis of supratentorial glioma associated with NF-1 was poor in these reports. In this paper, the diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.
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PMID:[Familial astrocytoma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease: report of two cases]. 905 38

Malignant gliomas continue to be a significant source of mortality in young and middle aged adults. The introduction of new treatment strategies and multidisciplinary approaches has improved the outcome of patients with these tumors only slightly. Because retinoic acid has growth inhibitory activity against glioma and neuroblastoma cells in cultures, we assessed the efficacy of all-trans-retinoic acid in the treatment of recurrent cerebral gliomas. Thirty-six patients with recurrent cerebral gliomas were entered in the study and treated with 120 or 150 mg/ m2/day of all-trans-retinoic acid as a single agent. The drug was given for 3 weeks followed with one week of rest. Two blocks of 4 weeks constituted one course of treatment. One (3%) of 34 evaluable patients had a minor response and 14 (41%) had stable disease. In the rest of the patients (56%), tumors continued to progress despite treatment. The median time to progression of all evaluable patients was 8 weeks, and for the responders was 17 weeks. The higher dose level (150 mg/m2) was associated with high incidence of headache, which responded to dose reduction. The lower dose level was very well tolerated, with mild, mainly dermatological toxicity. All-trans-retinoic acid as a single agent has no significant activity against recurrent cerebral gliomas.
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PMID:The treatment of recurrent cerebral gliomas with all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin). 921 61

The toxicity and therapeutic effect of the ventriculolumber perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-1(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitros our ea hydrochloride (ACNU) against subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas were studied. Twenty-one patients (6 patients with anaplastic glioma, 7 with glioblastoma and 8 with medulloblastoma or PNET) received ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU when they were diagnosed as having subarachnoid dissemination. The course of perfusion and cumulative dose of ACNU was 10 times and 95 mg on average, respectively. Most of the patients received systemic chemotherapy in combination with perfusion therapy and some patients with radiotherapy. Response rate was 17% and median survival time after the diagnosis of dissemination was 12 months for anaplastic gliomas, 29% and 12 months for glioblastoma, and 88% and over 25 months for medulloblastoma and PNET. The ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU was performed for prophylactic purpose in 7 patients with high risk at the early postoperative period in combination with conventional adjuvant therapy. The course of perfusion and cumulative dose of ACNU was 2.3 times and 21 mg on average, respectively. One patient developed subarachnoid dissemination and died 22 months after surgery. Other 6 patients survived without dissemination on median over 29 months after surgery. Side effects encountered were headache in 4 patients, nausea and vomiting in 5, a convulsion in 2, right facial weakness in 1, fecal incontinence in 3 and meningitis in 2. They were all temporary except for facial weakness occurred in one patient. These data suggest that the ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU is a safe and useful in the treatment and prophylaxis against the subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas.
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PMID:Ventriculolumber perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosou rea hydrochloride for subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas. 969 73

RMP-7, a nine amino acid peptide bradykinin agonist, increases the delivery of hydrophilic compounds across the blood-tumour barrier. In this dose ranging study, 14 patients with progressing malignant glioma (9 glioblastoma multiforme, 4 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma; age range 31-68 years, baseline Karnofsky range 60-90%, 5 having had prior chemotherapy) were treated with intravenous RMP-7 and carboplatin to assess the safety, tolerability, and side-effect profile of increasing doses of this combination. Carboplatin dosing was by target area under the curve (AUC) according to the Calvert protocol. Patients were allocated to one of five treatment regimes: cohort A (n = 2) received 50 ng/kg RMP-7 and target AUC 5 mg/ml/min carboplatin; cohort B (n = 3) 100 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 5; cohort C (n = 2) 100 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7; cohort D (n = 2) 200 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7; cohort E (n = 5) 300 ng/kg RMP-7 + AUC 7. Treatment was given once every 4 weeks with magnetic resonance imaging scans every 2 months. Patients received 37 cycles in total (median 2, range 1-7). The drug combination, as a cancer treatment, was tolerated in all groups. Effects possibly related to RMP-7 included flushing, nausea, headache and mild increase in heart rate, all transient. 3 patients in cohort E experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. These toxicities are consistent with known effects of carboplatin at this dose range. In cohort E (n = 5) 1 patient improved and another remained stable for > or = 6 months. In summary, the dose was escalated to the maximum dose of RMP-7 given to volunteers without additional related side-effects. The side-effects of the combination were consistent with giving the two drugs alone and would merit further study for efficacy.
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PMID:A phase I study of intravenous RMP-7 with carboplatin in patients with progression of malignant glioma. 989 73

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease with a wide range of neurological manifestations. To examine these, and to evaluate neurological morbidity in adulthood of patients with NF1, we studied a hospital-based series of 158 patients that included 138 adult patients aged >18 years and 20 children. NF1 evaluation included a multidisciplinary clinical and a clinically oriented radiological investigation. Neurological events occurring during childhood (in both children and adults of the series) and adulthood were recorded. One or several neurological manifestations have been observed in 55% of patients (adults and children) (n = 87). These included: headache (28 patients); hydrocephalus (7); epilepsy (5); lacunar stroke (1); white matter disease (1); intraspinal neurofibroma (3); facial palsy (1); radiculopathy (5); and polyneuropathy (2). Tumours included: optic pathway tumours (20); meningioma (2); cerebral glioma (3); and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (6). Life-threatening complications were observed in five adults and included four malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours and one meningioma. Pain was the leading symptom in 11 adults and was related to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, complications of intraspinal neurofibromas, subcutaneous neurofibromas and peripheral nerve neurofibromas. NF1 in adults was not associated with other disabling or life-threatening neurological complications. Symptomatic optic pathway tumours, cerebral gliomas, symptomatic aqueductal stenosis and spinal compression due to intraspinal NF were observed exclusively during childhood. In this series, the predominant neurological features of adults with NF1 were chronic pain and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
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PMID:Neurological complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 in adulthood. 1009 56

The term "chordoid glioma" was recently introduced to denote a circumscribed, apparently low-grade neoplasm arising in or preferentially involving the third ventricle of middle-aged women. We report biopsy and postmortem findings in a 60-year-old woman with symptoms of forgetfulness, headache, and lethargy. Neuroimaging showed a contrast-enhancing third ventricular mass with obstructive hydrocephalus. The tumor was subtotally resected. Microscopically, it consisted of clusters and strands of epithelioid cells in a mucoid matrix. Its margins were remarkably discrete and showed little tendency to infiltrate surrounding brain parenchyma. The majority of neoplastic cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin positive, whereas S100 protein labeled only individual cells. Stains for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin were nonreactive. There was no evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation or expression of estrogen and progesteron receptors. Lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates were noted throughout the lesion and at the tumor-brain interface. The MIB-1 labeling index averaged 1.5%. At present, chordoid glioma is considered a glial neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis with distinct clinicopathologic features.
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PMID:Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle: confirmatory report of a new entity. 1037 85

Neurologic involvement occurs in 10% to 20% of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. We describe a 20-year-old woman who had headache and diplopia but no evidence of systemic infection. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhancing mass in the thalamomesencephalic and third ventricular region. After subtotal resection of what was presumed to be a glioma, the patient had symptoms and signs of meningitis. Subsequent pathological review demonstrated noncaseating granulomas, and serologic tests and cultures confirmed the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Initiation of antifungal therapy and removal of an infected shunt system resulted in clinical improvement. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion in patients who are from any area endemic for histoplasmosis.
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PMID:Central nervous system histoplasmosis mimicking a brain tumor: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. 1047 58

Optic chiasmatic compression from suprasellar metastatic lesions is well known, but metastasis intrinsic to the optic chiasm has not been reported. A 45-year-old woman, with treated breast carcinoma, presented with headache and chiasmatic syndrome from a large suprasellar tumour. At surgery, an exophytic chiasmatic tumour was encountered, with an appearance similar to a glioma. The pathological appearance was consistent with the primary neoplasm in the breast.
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PMID:Solitary metastasis of breast carcinoma in the optic chiasm. 1056 46

A 27-year-old male had experienced an episode of severe headache and nausea, sometimes accompanied by an inability to name objects. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a huge cyst within the left temporal lobe and a high degree of brain shift by it. A small round mass, which appeared to be a mural nodule, was located in the tip of left middle fossa. It was highly enhancing together with its attached dura mater, but the cyst wall was not enhanced. Sphenoid ridge meningioma with an associated intracerebral cyst or cystic glioma invading the dura mater was suspected. During surgery the small tumor was found to be arising from the sphenoid ridge and evaginating into the tip of the temporal lobe. The intracerebral cyst had a smooth surface and the tumor was visible outside the cyst through its wall. The tumor was totally removed, but the cyst wall was left without excision. Postoperatively he had no symptoms. Histological examination showed a microcystic meningioma. It is stressed that differentiations of cystic meningiomas from other cystic tumors and, of intratumoral from extratumoral cystic meningiomas using radiological, operative or histological findings are important.
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PMID:Intracerebral cyst associated with meningioma. 1062 60


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