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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual case of an intracranial glioma which demonstrated extramedullary growth is reported. The patient was a 39-year-old woman who had experienced headache, nausea and vomiting for about 1 month. On admission she showed slight disturbance of consciousness and bilateral papilloedema. CT scan and MR imaging disclosed a mass approximately 5 cm in diameter in the right frontal region, with clear demarcation from the neighboring gyri. Right external carotid angiogram revealed A-V shunts in the mass, but by right internal carotid angiogram, no abnormal findings were disclosed except for the deviation of normal intracranial vessels due to the existence of the mass. Therefore, a preoperative diagnosis of extramedullary tumor such as meningioma and epidermoid was made. Right frontal craniotomy was performed, and the tumor was proven to exist in subdural space. The boundary of the tumor to the brain surface was distinct except for one part. Histopathologically, the tumor cells had abundant eosinophillic cytoplasms, with eccentric-distribution of their nuclei. Furthermore, they were positive for staining for GFAP and S-100 protein. Therefore, a final diagnosis of gemistocytic astrocytoma was made. Reviewing some references the authors discuss here the form of development and progression of intracranial gliomas which demonstrate extramedullary growth such as this case.
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PMID:[A case of intracranial glioma which demonstrated extramedullary growth]. 781 73

We report the case of a twelve-year-old boy who presented with visual impairment and headache and was found to harbour a purely intrasellar cystic pilocytic astrocytoma originating from proximal left optic nerve. The mass was explored transcranially and decompression of the optic apparatus and subtotal resection of the cyst wall was accomplished. The patient received post-operative radiotherapy and stays symptom-free after two years. A review of the literature revealed six cases of optic pathway astrocytomas associated with cyst formation. Our case appears as the first case of an optic glioma to present as an intrasellar mass.
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PMID:Optic nerve glioma presenting as a huge intrasellar mass. Case report. 789 Nov 96

A case of solitary leptomeningeal extracerebral glioma is reported. A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of headache and right hemiparesis. CT scan and carotid angiography revealed a tumor in the left convexity. At operation, the tumor was located between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane and adhered to the brain surface only in a limited area. Histological study including immunostain and electron microscopy showed the tumor as anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma. We speculate that our case may originate from a heterotopic glial nest in the dural border cell layer of dura mater. This explanation seems likely because the tumor was located mostly in the subdural space.
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PMID:[Intracranial extracerebral glioma]. 789 25

A 59 yr old man presented with headaches and was shown to have a posterior fossa tumor arising from the inferior surface of the tentorium cerebelli. At operation the tumor was discrete from the cerebellum and was thought to be a meningioma. Pathological examination showed the tumor had features similar to those of a meningioma. It consisted of interlacing bundles of spindle cells with a considerable amount of connective tissue. Some mitoses were present. The tumor cells, however, showed abundant staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein indicating their astrocytic nature. The tumor was diagnosed as astrocytoma Grade 2. The tumor 'recurred' 4 mths later and a second surgical removal was attempted. Pathological examination showed features similar to those in the first operative specimen but this time invasion of the cerebellum was present. Deep x-ray treatment (D.X.R.T.) did not alter the tumor growth which proved fatal 7 mths after presentation. The differential diagnosis of an apparently meningeal-based tumor includes the rare entity of primary meningeal glioma. The case is presented as an example of this rare entity which both clinically and pathologically may be mistaken for a meningioma. The prognosis of intracranial solitary primary leptomeningeal gliomas is variable with recurrence and survival being months to years.
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PMID:Primary meningeal glioma. 816 33

In this paper we present a case of glioma which was located in the cerebellopontine angle. The patient, a 3-year-old male, experienced difficulty with gait for one month before admission. He was admitted to Toyota Memorial Hospital on February 2, 1991, suffering from severe headache and vomiting. Neurological examination upon admission revealed horizontal nystagmus and ataxia. MRI revealed a mass in the cerebellopontine angle. Craniotomy was performed on February 4, 1991, and a tumor was revealed in the cerebellopontine angle. The tumor was clearly demarcated and encapsulated; the cerebellum and brainstem were compressed without damage. Most of the tumor was removed. A histopathological summary of the tumor follows. The tumor appeared as exophytic lesions on the pons, extending into the cerebellopontine angle. Tumor cells contained small round nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm. The oncocyte, which was growing endomorphically, revealed a short-cell projection, suggesting a tendency to penetrate blood vessels. Intercellular microcystic degeneration was observed clearly, with some parts of the oncocyte forming a myxoid matrix. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumor cells reacted positively to Vimentin, but negatively to S-100 protein and GFAP. Given the pathological information, the tumor was interpreted as anaplastic astrocytoma. Postoperative radiation therapy was performed, but the patient died four months later because the tumor had spread to the brainstem. In this paper we discuss the differential diagnosis of the cerebellopontine angle tumor and the appearance of anaplastic astrocytoma as exophytic lesions on the pons and the spread of the tumor into the cerebellopontine angle.
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PMID:Anaplastic astrocytoma in the cerebellopontine angle. 822 Jul 82

We have reviewed the diagnoses of 654 children aged from 7 to 14 years who attended a neurologist for headache evaluation. Headaches beginning between the age of 7 and 14 represented a higher percentage (18.3%) than the proportion of preadolescent children in our health area (12.9%). Headaches were more common in girls; although cluster, posttraumatic, benign exertional headaches, and the only case of brainstem glioma were restricted to boys. Despite the female predominance, the proportion of males with migraine was significantly higher in the preadolescents than in the over 15 age group. Migraine accounted for the majority of diagnoses (609-93% of the total series), while tension-type headache (27-4%), and headache associated with sinus infection (7-1%) were the diagnoses which followed in frequency. There were only two headaches (0.3%) associated with intracranial masses. Even though, in terms of frequency, headache is a very common reason for neurology consultation, the present results show that the majority of preadolescents consulting because of headache suffer from benign conditions.
Headache 1995 Oct
PMID:Clinical experience with headaches in preadolescent children. 853 Feb 81

The authors report their experience using a novel surgical approach for resecting tumors located in the posterior parahippocampal gyrus. Prior attempts to resect epileptogenic foci in this location have been limited by a significant risk of injury to lateral temporal lobe cortical and vascular structures. To avoid these potential complications, the authors have used a lateral occipitosubtemporal, computer-assisted stereotactic volumetric approach to resect radiographically defined tumors in seven patients with intraaxial neoplasms of the posteromedial temporal lobe. This series included one female and six male patients, ranging in age from 15 to 67 years, who presented with seizures, visual field loss, or headache. Gross-total resection of three high-grade gliomas, two gangliogliomas, and one mixed glioma was accomplished with no permanent morbidity or operative mortality. The authors conclude that this approach is advantageous for resecting tumors in this location because, by avoiding unnecessary brain resection or retraction, it significantly reduces the risk of injury to lateral temporal lobe structures, helps maintain precise spatial and anatomical orientation for the surgeon, and, like all computer-assisted volumetric approaches, delineates the margin between the tumor and surrounding neural tissue.
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PMID:A novel computer-assisted volumetric stereotactic approach for resecting tumors of the posterior parahippocampal gyrus. 875 56

A 15-year-old boy had onset of unilateral facial weakness. A few days later, he experienced mild vertigo, double vision, and headache. Examination confirmed a peripheral right seventh nerve weakness in addition to an internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The neurologic features suggested a pontine glioma. A T2-weighted MRI scan revealed demyelinating lesions in the pons and in several areas of the cerebrum, including the periventricular region. Subsequent history revealed that he had been diagnosed with Lyme arthritis 7 years earlier while living in Connecticut. The radiographic studies favored a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. However, studies of blood and cerebrospinal fluid established a diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
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PMID:Lyme neuroborreliosis masquerading as a brainstem tumor in a 15-year-old. 891 68

Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours. They include astrocytic gliomas, oligodendrocytic gliomas, ependymomas and gliomas with mixed cell populations. Each glioma type consists of both low-grade and malignant atypical varieties. The low-grade tumours occur predominantly in children and young adults, and the malignant forms in older people. The presenting symptoms are epileptic seizures, headache and mental confusion. Focal neurological symptoms and findings, such as hemiparesis, are mostly associated with the malignant forms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain with and without gadolinium contrast demonstrates the tumour. However, stereotactic biopsy or surgical resection is necessary to obtain the correct pathological diagnosis, except for diffuse pontine astrocytomas, which have an unmistakeable imaging appearance and for which biopsy has substantial risks. Treatment depends on the pathological diagnosis. Complete surgical resection may be curative for low-grade tumours. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for partially resected tumours. Most malignant gliomas require aggressive combination therapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy after maximal surgery. The standard initial regimens are nitrosourea-based chemotherapies, such as carmustine alone, a combination of procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine, or a combination of thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine and hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea). Unfortunately, the prognosis of malignant gliomas is generally poor despite aggressive treatment, because of their infiltrative nature and high relapse rate.
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PMID:Recognition and management of gliomas. 902 43

The effect of radiosurgery on optic gliomas is uncertain. We report two cases of low-grade glioma of the optic nerve and chiasm treated by transcranial subtotal removal and Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The first case was a 2-year-old boy, admitted with visual disturbance and nystagmus. Histopathological examination showed a pilocytic astrocytoma. The tumor volume was 14.4 cm3. Dose planning was performed using axial and coronal T1-weighted enhanced images. The marginal dose was 12 Gy at the 40% isodose line. The dose to the optic apparatus was less than 9 Gy. The second case was a 47-year-old woman, admitted to our hospital with headache and visual disturbance. The histopathological findings showed a fibrillary astrocytoma. The tumor volume was 12.3 cm3. The marginal dose was 14.4 Gy at the 40% isodose curve. The follow-up periods for the two cases were 24 and 43 months, respectively. In both cases the most recent follow-up magnetic resonance scan showed a marked decrease in tumor size, and visual symptoms were improved. No postradiosurgical complications have developed to date. Gamma Knife radiosurgery could be an effective adjuvant therapy for low-grade optic glioma. However, long-term follow-up is required for further evaluation of the efficacy and potential side effects.
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PMID:Two cases of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for low-grade optic chiasm glioma. 903 59


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