Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To analyze the phenotypic profile of lymphoid cells freshly isolated from surgically resected human gliomas, a double-immunostaining technique was developed which permitted the investigators simultaneously to distinguish between hematogenous and tumor cell populations and to detect expression of lymphocyte-monocyte subset-specific antigens on hematogenous cells. With this technique, the profiles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) derived from high- and low-grade gliomas were compared with phenotypes of lymphocytes concurrently isolated from peripheral blood. The total leukocyte cell yield from high-grade glioma cases exceeded that of low-grade cases. In nine high-grade glioma cases the proportion of CD8-positive cells was increased within the TIL population (41.2% +/- 1.9%, mean +/- standard error of the mean) as compared to the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) population (30.8% +/- 4.1%, p less than 0.05). The proportion of natural killer HNK-positive cells, some of which bear the CD8 antigen (although not necessarily the pan T cell antigens CD2 and CD3), was also increased in the TIL's (41.9% +/- 4.2%) compared to that found in PBL's (32.1 +/- 5.6%, p less than 0.05) of high-grade glioma cases. The observed phenotypic pattern of high-grade glioma TIL's is similar to that reported based on immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue sections, suggesting that the techniques described here resulted in isolation of lymphoid cells representative of TIL's.
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PMID:Characterization of lymphoid cells isolated from human gliomas. 279 72

The four permanent human glioma-derived cell lines reported here are the first such lines for which the karyotypes have been followed from the original biopsies through the establishment of the lines in culture. Although ploidy changes were seen, each line retained either distinctive marker chromosomes or the overall original chromosomal distribution allowing the origin of each line to be established with certainty. D-263 MG expresses glial fibrillary acidic protein, all lines except D-245 MG are tumorigenic in athymic mice, and each line displays a unique pattern with respect to in vitro growth parameters and expression of biochemically defined markers, oncofetal antigens and lymphoid-associated markers. D-245 MG and D-259 MG are able to grow in the absence of supplemental glutamine; glutamine synthetase was detected in these cell lines both by immunocytochemistry and by direct assay. Thus, the four permanent human glioma-derived cell lines described here are representative of glioma lines in their general characteristics. D-259 MG retains numerous double minute chromosomes (DMs), D-263 MG contains two marker chromosomes with breaks in 9p, and D-247 MG and D-245 MG with stemlines containing 96 and 89 chromosomes contain eight and six normal copies (respectively) of chromosome No. 7. The retention in these four cell lines of the most common chromosomal abnormalities seen in biopsies of malignant human gliomas provides the opportunity to investigate the meaning of these specific chromosomal changes.
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PMID:Specific chromosomal abnormalities characterize four established cell lines derived from malignant human gliomas. 288 26

An immunohistological analysis of tumor tissue obtained from seven patients with malignant gliomas demonstrated varying levels of lymphoid cell infiltration. The tumor infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from each sample were cultured in vitro by a limiting dilution technique. In three of the cases studied many tumor infiltrating lymphocyte microcultures selectively lysed autologous glioblastoma cells but did not lyse allogeneic gliomas, natural killer-resistant fresh melanoma cells or K562 target cells. These cultures were found to consist of CD 3+ cells. In six cases studied a variable number of microcultures lysed both autologous tumor and K562 target cells only. A minority of the microcultures studied were cytolytic for allogeneic glioma cells and fresh melanoma target cells. The cytolytic activity expressed by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes against autologous tumor cells was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than that obtained by the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in a similar manner. The present immunohistological and functional studies suggest that there is an immune response to human glioblastomas in vivo with an accumulation of cells with antitumor activity at the tumor site.
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PMID:Immunohistological and functional analyses of lymphoid infiltrates in human glioblastomas. 305 9

Monoclonal antibodies produced by hybrids of lymphoid cells can be raised against cancer cells. These antibodies can be used to detect certain cancers, and some monoclonals bind with relative selectivity to glioma-associated antigens. Various laboratories are studying the radiolocalization of human glioma antigens in tumor cells transplanted into animals, and this imaging technique is also being tested in patients. Methods have been developed to promote passage of these antibodies across the blood-brain barrier, and thereby, to increase their uptake in tumors. Either alone or in conjunction with macrophages, cytotoxins, or radiosensitizers, these antibodies may offer a high degree of selective tumor destruction with relative sparing of normal brain.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies: prospects for specific immunotherapy for gliomas. 311 29

Plasmids were constructed in which expression of genes encoding the heavy and light chains of a hapten-specific IgM antibody is under control of a heat shock promoter. Glioma, phaeochromocytoma and other non-lymphoid cell lines transfected with the plasmids were able to process and secrete immunoglobulin following heat induction. The glioma transfectants were studied in detail and were shown to secrete polymeric IgM in a yield similar to that obtained with a plasmacytoma. However, the glioma IgM was not associated with J chain and was largely composed of pentamers and hexamers. Thus, neither J chain nor other lymphoid-specific proteins are required for assembly and secretion of polymeric IgM although the absence of J chain may encourage hexamer formation.
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PMID:Polymeric immunoglobulin M is secreted by transfectants of non-lymphoid cells in the absence of immunoglobulin J chain. 311 28

Eight cases of AIL-type T-cell malignant lymphoma are reported. The clinical symptoms are the same as those described in AIL: fever, malaise, weight loss, skin rashes, polyadenopathy, and splenomegaly. However, some differences can be noted: the absence of hepatomegaly in all cases but one, the absence of polyclonal hypergammapathy in all cases but one, and predominance in females. The lymph node modifications comprise diffuse infiltrations of lymphoid cells with irregular nuclei and pale cytoplasm, associated with a large number of immunoblasts and plasma cells. Some eosinophilic granulocytes and epithelioid cells can be seen. Hyperplasia of the vessels and remnants of follicles, sometimes with proliferation of follicular dendritic cells, are prominent features. The immunolabelling study demonstrates the presence of an important T-cell population all expressing a high predominance of CD 4 phenotype. These findings are in accordance with those published in Europe and in contrast with those of some of the Japanese cases, particularly the first patients published by Shimoyama et al. The differential diagnosis with AIL is based on the presence of clusters of mainly large cells with a pale cytoplasm, on the loss of expression of one T cell marker, as in 3 cases of our series, and on the presence of a high percentage of lymphoid cells engaged in the mitotic cycle as demonstrated with the Ki 67 monoclonal antibody. However, to draw a clear cut difference between AIL-type T-cell lymphoma and AIL considered as a prelymphomatous dysimmune lymphadenopathy, only the demonstration of cytogenetic abnormalities, as in one of our cases or of rearrangement of the genes coding for beta and/or gamma chain of the antigen receptor of T-cell are valuable criteria. The follow-up of our series is not long enough to appreciate the prognosis. Three patients died, one from a glioma. All the other cases, treated with polychemotherapy show total remission with an evolution of 10 to 39 months.
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PMID:Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) or T-cell malignant lymphoma of AIL-type. A histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 8 cases. 326 11

Immunobiology of the normal and tumoral astrocytes studies interactions between these cells and the immune system. Their antigenic characterization defines 3 classes of antigens: glial antigens, tumor associated antigens (neuroectodermal and gliomatous) and lymphoid differentiation antigens which can be modulated by gamma interferon and other cytokines. Glioma associated antibodies could be used for radiolocalization of tumours and for immunotherapy. The enhancement or induction of the Major Histocompatibility Complex antigen expression by interferon gamma could enhance tumour-antigen presentation by glioma cells to helper and cytotoxic T cells and thus activate the host's immune response. The presence of oncogenes and their products in glioma cells, mainly growth factor receptors, brings new potential therapies using oncogenes products as tumoral markers or as targets for monoclonal antibodies blocking their mitogenic activity. Normal and tumoral astrocytes produce lymphokines: interleukin 1, interleukin 3, prostaglandin E as well as a suppressor factor inhibiting interleukin 2 mediated effects and probably responsible for the suppression of glioma infiltrating T cells. The interaction of astrocytes with several humoral factors related to the immune system and their capacity to function as antigen presenting cells underline their importance for immune reactions within the central nervous system.
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PMID:[Immunobiology of the normal and tumor astrocyte]. 332 64

Human malignant glioma cells were cotransfected with an infectious molecular clone of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a selectable drug resistance gene (neo). HIV/neo-positive cell clones were maintained in continuous culture for over 5 months and showed the following characteristics: (i) expression of HIV antigens as detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining in 80-90% of cells; (ii) efficient production of HIV RNA and infectious progeny virus; (iii) minimal cytopathic effects (notably in cell morphology), in contrast to HIV-infected T lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that certain glial cells originating from human brain can support a chronic infection with HIV comparable to that observed in T lymphoid cell lines. The cell lines provide an in vitro model system for studies on the mechanism and biological effects of HIV infection in glial cells, and offer an alternative source of the virus that has not been Adapted to lymphocytes or macrophages.
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PMID:Establishment of human glial cell lines chronically infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 333 39

The authors report a new experimental model for the study of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was produced in C57 black mouse by transplanting human glioma cultured cells. 20% of the animals developed hydrocephalus while the incidence of spontaneous hydrocephalus is only 1%. The transplanted cells disappeared within 72 hours. The mouse developed progressive hydrocephalus. There was no evidence of blockage of CSF pathways. The only abnormal microscopic finding was a scattered collection of lymphoid cells in some of the animals, which may be a hypersensitivity reaction to the cells. A similarly hypersensitive reaction to the foreign maternal protein which may enter the foetal circulation is suggested as the cause of hydrocephalus in some of the cases of congenital hydrocephalus.
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PMID:An experimental model of communicating hydrocephalus in C57 black mouse. 363 Jul 81

A malignant glioma cell line was infected with the human T-lymphotropic virus type IIIB isolate of the human immunodeficiency virus. Infection appeared to be latent rather than productive. Through contact with monocytic or lymphoid cells, the virus present in the glioma cells could be transmitted and gave rise to a fully productive infection.
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PMID:Infection of brain-derived cells with the human immunodeficiency virus. 364 20


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