Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 6-day subrenal capsule assay for determining chemotherapeutic sensitivities of brain tumors was studied. Rat glioma 9L and ACNU resistant 9L-2 were transplanted under the renal capsule of normal immunocompetent WKA rats for laboratory investigation. Evaluation of implanted tumor growth till 12 days was performed. The effects of chemotherapeutic agents administered intravenously were evaluated by measuring the growth rate of implanted tumor specimens. The results obtained from SRC were compared with the results from colony forming assay. Both were correlated to each other. On the other hand, histological investigation revealed that implanted human tumor cells had been diminished and implanted tumor was replaced by immunoreactive cells from the host in many cases. These results threw doubt on a reliability of SRC. To avoid this immunoreaction, cyclophosphamide was injected as immunosuppressive agent subcutaneously 24 hours before implantation. In such cases, the growth rates of implanted tumors were increased and histologically the implanted tumor cells existed for 6 days after implantation. Twenty-three malignant brain tumors (malignant astrocytomas 16, metastatic tumors 5, malignant lymphoma 2) were obtained as surgical specimens. Evaluable assay rate of our study were 89%. 15 patients with malignant astrocytomas were studied about correlation between the sensitivities of ACNU and post-operative clinical courses. Overall clinical correlation of 15 cases of malignant astrocytomas was 47%. These results from subrenal capsule assay are not seemed to be beneficial for clinical use. Immunoreactive response when using immunocompetent rats must be solved in future.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy responsiveness of brain tumors in subrenal capsule assay]. 232 45

PCNU, the latest nitrosourea analogue to be subjected to clinical trials, held promise as a superior chemotherapy agent for brain tumors because of more favorable biochemical and cytotoxic characteristics in laboratory studies. Thirty-nine children with a variety of recurrent primary CNS tumors, all of whom had evaluable disease, participated in a phase II PCNU trial. Their mean age was 9.7 (3-20) years. PCNU was administered as a 2 hour intravenous infusion in one of 2 dose schedules at 6-7 week intervals; 100-125 mg/m2 for minimally treated patients and 70-90 mg/m2 for heavily treated patients. Response was assessed after 2 courses of chemotherapy after attempting to taper the steroid dose. The overall objective response rate was 18% (7/39) for a mean of 5.9 months (2+ -12). Only partial responses were observed. Disease-specific responses rates were: brainstem glioma--18% (3/17); cerebral glioma--27% (3/12); ependymoma--1/1; and primitive neuroectodermal tumors--(0/9) including 5 medulloblastomas, 2 pineoblastomas and 3 cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Toxicity was primarily hematologic and clinically significant thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000 mm3) was encountered in 30/38 (79%) patient trials. Modest activity of PCNU in recurrent childhood gliomas is confirmed. Our response rates, using objective CT criteria, are somewhat lower than those reported for BCNU and CCNU. Because of comparable hematologic toxicity and efficacy, intravenous PCNU does not appear to offer a clinical advantage to existing nitrosoureas for children with recurrent brain tumors using a 2 hour intravenous infusion schedule.
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PMID:PCNU and recurrent childhood brain tumors. 368 86

Standard treatment of spinal cord astrocytomas is based upon surgery, followed by radiotherapy when resection is incomplete or when histology is of high grade. Owing to the major consequences of radiotherapy on the spine in childhood, alternative therapies must be explored. The potential role of chemotherapy in the management of spinal cord astrocytoma remains to be defined. Two patients are described. The first was a 19-month-old child with an anaplastic astrocytoma of the cervical spinal cord that progressed rapidly after initial partial resection. Chemotherapy was begun according to the UKCCSG Baby Brain Protocol, with marked clinical improvement. Reassessment by MRI at 4 months showed improvement, and at the end of treatment no evaluable disease remained. The second was a 4-year-old child with a recurrent low-grade astrocytoma. Chemotherapy according to the SIOP Protocol for Low Grade Gliomas was administered for 3 months, after which marked tumour regression was seen, with neurological recovery. These patients demonstrate the potential value and low morbidity of chemotherapy in spinal cord astrocytoma. The management of this rare tumour is discussed.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for spinal cord astrocytoma: can natural history be modified? 972 82

A multicenter, two stage phase II study, investigated irinotecan plus temozolomide in children with newly diagnosed high grade glioma. The primary endpoint was tumor response during a two-cycle treatment window, confirmed by external review committee. Patients received oral temozolomide 100 mg/(m(2) day) (days 1-5) and intravenous irinotecan 10 mg/(m(2) day) (days 1-5 and 8-12) for two 21-day cycles (three cycles for patients exhibiting objective tumor response). Standard treatment was then administered according to local investigator choice. In total 17 patients were enrolled and treated by local investigators. However, central pathology review found three patients did not have a diagnosis of high grade glioma and another four patients did not have evaluable disease according to independent central radiological review. The primary endpoint was based on the first ten evaluable patients as determined by the external review committee. Recruitment was stopped for futility after there were no complete or partial responses during the two-cycle treatment window in the first ten evaluable patients. Five patients had stable disease, and five progressed. Data for secondary endpoints including; time to tumor progression, time to treatment failure, and overall survival is reported. The safety profile of the treatment showed the combination was tolerable with two patients (11.8 %) having grade three nausea, and one (5.9 %) experiencing a grade four neutropenia, leading to permanent discontinuation from adjuvant treatment. Irinotecan plus temozolomide, although well tolerated did not improve outcome over historical controls in this setting.
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PMID:A phase II single-arm study of irinotecan in combination with temozolomide (TEMIRI) in children with newly diagnosed high grade glioma: a joint ITCC and SIOPE-brain tumour study. 2345 95