Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin was investigated immunohistochemically in 104 experimental gliomas induced by transplancental application of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in CDF rats. Immunoreactivity for vimentin was prominent in many astrocytic tumor cells and especially in small glioma cells forming anaplastic medulloblastoma-like foci in many tumors. The majority of tumor cells in oligodendroglial tumors were vimentin negative, except for some of the large polymorphous oligodendrogliomas which contained intermingled vimentin positive glioma cells. GFAP immunoreactivity was detectable only in a low fraction of tumor astrocytes and in a few exceptional cases some oligodendroglial tumor cells stained positive. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against neurofilaments and cytokeratins revealed no staining in tumor cells of ENU-induced gliomas, while all oligodendrogliomatous tumors stained positive for HNK-1. Immunocytological and immunoblot investigations of the two rat glioma cell clones RG2 and F98, which are both derived from ENU-induced gliomas, showed a prominent expression of vimentin in monolayer cultures and in syngeneic intracerebral transplantation tumors. F98 additionally demonstrated a fraction of GFAP positive cells especially in confluent cultures and in intracerebral tumors. RG2, on the other hand, exhibited virtually no GFAP immunoreactivity in culture but showed individual GFAP positive tumor cells in intracerebral tumors. Our results revealed a more precise picture of the cellular differentiation in ENU-induced rat gliomas and in two widely used glioma cell lines. They underline the heterogeneity of experimental rat gliomas which may comprise cells at different stages of differentiation towards oligodendroglial or astroglial phenotype.
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PMID:Expression of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas and glioma cell lines. 247 9

Glia-derived nexin (GDN) is a 43 kd cell-secreted protease inhibitor with neurite promoting activity. We have raised specific polyclonal antisera to rat GDN. These antibodies stain a single band at 43 kd on immunoblots of concentrated C6 glioma-conditioned medium and have been used to demonstrate that GDN is present in the olfactory system of the rat. One band at 43 kd is recognized by the GDN antibodies on immunoblots of olfactory bulb homogenate. Immunohistochemistry shows that GDN occurs predominantly in the olfactory nerve layer of the olfactory bulb and in the olfactory submucosa. Comparative studies with antibodies against vimentin, GFAP, and fibronectin suggest that anti-GDN recognizes cells associated with the olfactory system, but not exclusively the olfactory neurons themselves. Data from the immunohistochemical studies were confirmed by RNA blots and GDN mRNA expression throughout development of the olfactory bulb. The high levels of GDN in the rat olfactory system may be related to the continuous degeneration and regeneration phenomena taking place in these structures.
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PMID:Detection of glia-derived nexin in the olfactory system of the rat. 248 98

A case of intracerebral multifocal gliomas with von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with an episode of convulsive attacks which were uncontrolled by anticonvulsants. CT scan and MRI revealed small well circumscribed tumors in the left frontal cortex and left parietal subcortex. Both of the tumors revealed low density in plain CT scan and low intensity in T1 weighted MRI. The vascularity of these tumors was poor in cerebral angiography. In other words these tumors were of a similar nature. The histology of the frontal tumor, which was totally removed surgically, showed typical pilocytic astrocytoma. The other tumor in the left parietal subcortex must also be included in the category of low grade glioma. In the sixth month after the operation, we could find neither recurrence of the frontal glioma nor enlargement of the parietal tumor, on CT and MRI findings. Immunohistochemically, the outer portion of the Rosenthal fiber in this tumor was positive for GFAP and S-100 protein, but the inner portion was negative, because the GFAP and S-100 protein there had degenerated. The cytoplasm of this tumor's cell was abundant with mitochondria and Golgi's bodies compared to the fibrillary astrocytoma. This case may be the first case of multifocal gliomas in the same cerebral hemisphere. We suggest that multifocal gliomas grow naturally, and over the years, tumors combine with each other and finally constitute a large type diffuse glioma.
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PMID:[Multifocal gliomas in cerebral hemisphere associated with von Recklinghausen's disease: case report]. 249 19

The case of a 42-year-old patient is reported who developed an intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma at the site of an oligoastrocytic mixed glioma which had been excised 2 1/2 years previously. Reasons for the extreme rarity of intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytomas, the probability of a traumatic aetiology of this particular tumour, and the possible significance of intratumoural cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are discussed.
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PMID:Intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma at site of a previously excised low grade glioma. 254 68

Changes in cytoskeletal organization in T9 anaplastic glioma cells have been examined during morphological changes induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and by glia maturation factor (GMF). Indirect immunofluorescent labeling of cytoskeletal proteins has revealed that while neither GMF nor NGF induces expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in this cell line, changes in cytoskeletal organization induced by these factors show some features similar to those observable during maturation of normal glial cells. Changing cell shapes induced by these factors are clearly outlined by the prominent distribution of microfilaments along cellular margins. Microtubules and intermediate filaments gradually extend during morphological changes and fill the characteristic cytoplasmic processes induced by NGF and GMF.
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PMID:Cytoskeletal reorganization induced by nerve growth factor and glia maturation factor in anaplastic glioma cells. 268 92

We have assessed whether adult human non-neoplastic astrocytes exhibit DNA synthesis in vitro, as measured using a double immunofluorescence technique to detect incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) by nuclei of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-containing cells. Dissociated cell cultures containing GFAP+ cells were established from surgically resected temporal lobe tissue from 3 young adult individuals operated upon to remove epileptogenic foci. In 5-18-day-old cultures from each of the 3 individuals, we observed GFAP+ cells whose nuclei had incorporated BrdU. BrdU nuclear staining was found in GFAP+ cells with either flat or process-bearing morphologies. The mean mitotic index for the GFAP+ cells was 6% (range 2-12%) as compared to a mean mitotic index of 29% for the GMK-7 glioma cell line. Our results do indicate that astrocytes derived from young adult donors, unlike such cells derived at autopsy from elderly adults, are capable of DNA synthesis in vitro, albeit to a markedly lesser extent than reported for fetal human astrocytes.
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PMID:DNA synthesis by young adult human-derived astrocytes in vitro. 271 71

Tumours were produced in the adult cat brain by injection of the rapidly growing anaplastic rat glioma clone F98 in order to study their neuropathology, pathophysiology, regional biochemistry and magnetic reasonance imaging. We report here the neuropathological behaviour of cell suspensions in the basal ganglia and the left cerebral hemisphere one, two, three, four and six weeks after stereotactic implantation with respect to tumour growth, immunological tumour regression and alterations of the blood-brain barrier with associated vasogenic brain oedema. Injected cell suspensions produce consistently growing tumours during the first, second and third weeks. Tumour sizes varied according to the survival time and were only slightly dependent on the inoculated cell number, i.e., 3 and 6 x 10(6) tumour cells, respectively. Immunohistochemistry with respect to proteins of the cytoskeleton and other cell markers showed positive tumour cell immunoreactions for vimentin and S 100, but not for GFAP, Leu-7, Leu-M1 and MBP. While leucocyte infiltration is apparent after only one week, major tumour regression phenomena develop after three weeks in conjunction with severe lymphocytic reactions of the host, resulting in complete tumour rejection with scar gliosis after four and six weeks, respectively. This transplantation glioma model is accompanied by vasogenic brain oedema both within the tumour area and in the homolateral hemisphere. Immunohistochemistry of serum proteins, i.e. total serum protein, albumin and IgG reveals impairment of the blood-brain barrier after one week, reaching its maximum after two and three weeks. The oedematous changes decrease dramatically after four and six weeks, when most of the serum proteins are reabsorbed by cellular activities in the tumour scar. The vasogenic brain oedema in this xenogeneic glioma transplantation model may be enhanced by the immunological reactions in the brain.
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PMID:Experimental transplantation gliomas in the adult cat brain. 1. Experimental model and neuropathology. 274 39

A series of 146 primary and metastatic neoplasms of the CNS were studied with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether immunohistochemistry can help in the differential diagnosis and facilitate a more precise classification of CNS tumors. Neoplastic cells in glial tumors (astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas) reacted strongly with GFAP. Immunoreactivity with antibodies to neurofilaments helped to distinguish neuronal tumors. Keratin was always positive in metastatic carcinomas, while vimentin positivity characterized mesenchymal differentiation. Other markers such as LCA, S-100, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, factor VIII, CEA and EMA were variably expressed by tumor cells providing information about cell differentiation and functional status.
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PMID:The contribution of immunohistochemistry to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic neoplasma of the central nervous system (CNS). 275 65

The amount and distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in five human glioma cell lines stained by the indirect immunofluorescence method using anti-GFAP monoclonal antibody. Standard reference beads containing a known amount of fluorescein were used to calibrate the flow cytometer; however, the intensity of fluorescence from these beads was too weak to allow direct comparison with the fluorescence from the stained cells. Therefore, the flow cytometer was recalibrated using reference beads with a fluorescence intensity similar to that of the glioma cells. By comparing the fluorescence intensities of the two types of reference beads, it was possible to determine the fluorescein content of the stained cells directly from the relative fluorescence intensity (channel number). Glioma cell lines 343 MGA, SF 126, SF 188, U 251, and U 87 had fluorescein concentrations of 72.0 +/- 6.8, 8.1 +/- 0.3, 52.6 +/- 3.1, 86.4 +/- 4.0, and 56.2 +/- 2.9 x 10(5) (mean +/- standard error) Eq Sol Mol (equivalent solution of mole), respectively. The GFAP content of these cell lines, determined by ELISA, was 15.7 +/- 5.2, 0.5 +/- 0.1, 11.1 +/- 2.0, 20.8 +/- 4.6, and 9.5 +/- 2.7 pg GFAP/cell, respectively, and correlated closely with the results of FCM (R = 0.983, p less than 0.0028). A linear regression analysis yielded the following equation: pg GFAP/cell = -2.3376 + 0.2518 x FCM integrated mean channel number (fluorescein concentration: 10(5) Eq Sol Mol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quantitation and distribution analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioma cells in culture. 276 8

Seven human glioblastoma cell lines established in vitro from primary tumor explants were studied. A marked heterogeneity of glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed whereas vimentin was uniformly expressed by all cell lines. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytofluorometry revealed a heterogeneous distribution of surface GE 2 and CG 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAA's): three cell lines were positive (greater than 69% TAA-positive cells) and three cell lines were negative (less than 9% TAA-positive cells). One cell line (Hu 228) was moderately positive at early culture passages and subsequently acquired a TAA-negative phenotype. The difference in the relative amounts of surface TAA's of the three positive cell lines was less than twofold. In spite of the heterogeneous distribution of surface TAA's, all cell lines exhibited considerable amounts of intracellular TAA. Treatment with phorbol esters and density-dependent growth arrest decreased the percentage of the TAA-positive cells and the amount of cell-surface TAA's in one cell line (Hu 195). Interferon-gamma treatment in vitro increased the percentage of CG 12-positive cells by 12% and the amount of cell-surface CG 12 antigens by 38% as compared to untreated cells. The percentage of TAA-positive cells among phorbol ester-treated cells of the Hu 195 cell line was lowest 48 hours after treatment, but returned to normal values within the next 48 hours. Reduction of 3H-thymidine incorporation preceded the decrease in number of TAA-positive cells by about 18 hours. Two-color fluorescence analysis performed in positive cell lines for simultaneous determination of surface TAA's and deoxyribonucleic acid content or reactivity with the proliferation-associated Ki67 intracellular marker indicated that GE 2 and CG 12 antigens are expressed preferentially by actively proliferating glioma cells. The results of this study indicate the existence of two different phenotypes in cultured human glioblastoma cells: surface TAA-positive/cytosol TAA-positive and surface TAA-negative/cytosol TAA-positive cell populations. In addition, modulation of TAA expression was dependent on the cell-cycle differentiation stage, culture conditions, and proliferative state of the cells.
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PMID:Heterogeneity and modulation of tumor-associated antigens in human glioblastoma cell lines. 276 91


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