Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Background and Purpose: [F-18]FDG has long been used for detection of the malignant tumors and assessment of the metabolic activity of the tumors. However, there are several drawbacks of FDG including hyperglycemic effect, nonspecific uptake on inflammation, sink phenomenon due to high accumulation of FDG in urinary tract, and physiologic uptake of FDG in the bowels and muscles, which may cause false positive as well as false negative results. [C-11]acetate, as a metabolic substrate of beta-oxidation, precursors of amino acid, fatty acid and sterol, has been proved useful in detecting various malignancies. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of clinical application of [C-11]acetate in oncology.Methods: High quality whole body images could be obtained by using large dosage (20 mCi) of [C-11]acetate and modern PET scanner. In the recent years, [C-11]acetate PET studies have been performed in 513 patients with various malignancies.Results: The results showed that [C-11]acetate is more accurate in detecting meningioma (accuracy 97%), glioma (91%), nasopharyngeal cancer (93%), lymphoma (85%), non-small cell cancer (81%), colon cancer (78%), renal cell cancer (80%), ovarian cancer (76%), than in detecting small cell cancer of lung, thyroid cancer, and pancreas cancer. The advantages of [C-11]acetate are less time consuming (whole procedure completed within 45 min after injection), no hyperglycemic effect and no sink phenomenon. The disadvantages are increased uptake in salivary glands, pancreas, and sometimes the bowels, which may cause either false positive or false negative results, and on-site-cyclotron dependent.Conclusion: In summary, [C-11]acetate is clinically useful in detecting various malignant tumors clinically and may play a complementary role to FDG.
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PMID:31. Clinical Application of 1115 Jul 88

We have developed a systematic approach for the discovery and evaluation of local treatment strategies for brain tumors using polymers. We demonstrated the feasibility of polymer-mediated drug delivery by using the standard chemotherapeutic agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and showed that local treatment of gliomas by this method is effective in animal models of intracranial tumors. This led to clinical trials for glioma patients, and subsequent approval of Gliadel [(3.8% BCNU): p(CPP:SA)] by the FDA and other worldwide regulatory agencies. Twenty-two additional clinical trials are currently underway evaluating other issues related to the BCNU polymer, such as dosage, combination with systemic treatments, and combination with various forms of radiation and resistance modifiers. These trials are a result of laboratory investigations using brain tumor models; based on these models, other research groups have initiated clinical trials with novel combinations of different drugs and new polymers for both intracranial tumors (5-fluorouracil delivered via poly(D-L lactide-co-glycolide) polymer) and for tumors outside the brain (paclitaxel in PPE microspheres for ovarian cancer). Since only 1/3 of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are sensitive to BCNU, the need to search for additional drugs continues. Although we are attacking major resistance mechanisms, there still will be tumors that do not respond to BCNU therapy but are sensitive to agents with different mechanisms of action, such as taxanes, camptothecin, platinum drugs, and antiangiogenic agents. Thus, it is necessary to explore multiple single agents and ultimately to combine the most effective agents for the clinical treatment of GBM. Furthermore, multimodal approaches combining radiotherapy with microsphere delivery of cytokines and antiangiogenic agents have demonstrated encouraging results.
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PMID:Biodegradable polymer implants to treat brain tumors. 1148 83

We describe here the definition and characterization of antigen CT-8/HOM-TES-85 encoded by a previously unknown gene and identified by serological expression screening using antibodies from a seminoma patient. Intriguingly, the leucine zipper region of CT-8/HOM-TES-85 shows an atypical amphipathy with clusters of hydrophobic residues that is exclusively shared by the N-myc proto-oncogene. CT-8/HOM-TES-85 gene is tightly silenced in normal tissues except for testis. However, it is frequently activated in human neoplasms of different types including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma and glioma. Endogenous as well as heterogeneously expressed CT-8/HOM-TES-85 targets predominantly to the nucleus forming a distinctive speckled pattern of nuclear dots arranged in macromolecular structures. By co-localization studies these speckles were identified as loci of transcriptional activity and splicing, suggesting that CT-8/HOM-TES-85 may be involved in these processes. The aberrant expression of CT-8/HOM-TES-85 in human neoplasms might therefore be involved in cancer associated alterations of transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes and thus may disclose new mechanisms involved in the manifestation of the cancer phenotype.
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PMID:A novel tumour associated leucine zipper protein targeting to sites of gene transcription and splicing. 1203 26

Cloned T9 glioma cells (T9-C2) expressing the membrane form of macrophage colony stimulating factor (mM-CSF) inoculated subcutaneously into rats do not grow and glioma-specific immunity is stimulated. Immunotherapy experiments showed that intracranial T9 tumors present for one to four days could be successfully eradicated by peripheral vaccination with T9-C2 cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T splenocytes from immunized rats, when restimulated in vitro with T9 cells, produced interleukin-2 and -4. Protective immunity against intracranial T9 gliomas could only be adoptively transferred into naive rats by the CD4+ splenocytes obtained from T9-C2 immunized rats. Rats immunized by the T9-C2 tumor cells also resisted two different syngeneic gliomas (RT2 and F98) but allowed a syngeneic NUTU-19 ovarian cancer to grow. Such cross-protective immunity against unrelated gliomas suggests that mM-CSF transfected tumor cells have immunotherapeutic potential for use as an allogeneic tumor vaccine.
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PMID:T9 glioma cells expressing membrane-macrophage colony stimulating factor produce CD4+ T cell-associated protective immunity against T9 intracranial gliomas and systemic immunity against different syngeneic gliomas. 1214 31

SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)/BM40/Osteonectin is a matricellular protein with multiple effects on cell behaviour. In vitro, its major known functions are anti-adhesive and anti-proliferative, and it is associated with tissue remodelling and cancer in vivo. SPARC is overexpressed in many cancers, including breast cancer, and the effects of SPARC seem to be cell type-specific. To study the effects of SPARC on breast cancer, we transfected SPARC into the MDA-MB-231 BAG, human breast cancer cell line using the Tet-On inducible system. By western analysis, we found low background levels in the MDA-MB-231 BAG and clone X parental cells, and prominent induction of SPARC protein expression after doxycycline treatment in SPARC transfected clones X5, X21, X24 and X75. Induction of SPARC expression did not affect cell morphology or adhesiveness to collagens type I and IV, but it slowed the rate of proliferation in adherent cultures. Cell cycle analysis showed that SPARC slowed the progression to S phase. Doxycycline induction of SPARC also slowed the rate of monolayer wound closure in the cultured wound healing assay. Thymidine inhibition of proliferation abrogated this effect, confirming that it was due to anti-proliferation rather than inhibition of migration. Consistent with this, we were unable to detect any differences in migration and Matrigel outgrowth analysis of doxycycline-stimulated cells. We conclude that SPARC is inhibitory to human breast cancer cell proliferation, and does not stimulate migration, in contrast to its stimulatory effects reported for melanoma (proliferation and migration) and glioma (migration) cells. Similar growth repression by SPARC has been reported for ovarian cancer cells, and this may be a common feature among carcinomas.
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PMID:Doxycycline-inducible expression of SPARC/Osteonectin/BM40 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells results in growth inhibition. 1250 Sep 36

Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is overexpressed in most colorectal cancers and has been widely used as a clinical marker for the management of colon cancer patients. The transcriptional regulatory elements (TREs) of CEA include two enhancer elements and a promoter in the 5'-flanking region of the CEA gene. By using these elements in different combinations to control reporter gene expression and the replication of adenovirus variants in various tumor cells, we have identified an optimal CEA regulatory cassette that tightly controls gene expression and viral replication in CEA-producing colon cancer cells. One of these variants, OV798, in which this regulatory cassette controls E1A expression, was further characterized. OV798 preferentially replicates in and kills CEA-producing colorectal cancer cell lines such as LoVo and SW1463, but its replication is attenuated by 1000-fold in the CEA-negative cell lines Colo-320DM (colon cancer), PA-1 (ovarian cancer), G361 (melanoma), U118 MG (glioma), and HBL-100 (human breast epithelial cell). The antitumor activity of OV798 was further examined in BALB/c nu/nu mice carrying s.c. human colon tumor xenografts. A single intratumoral administration of OV798 resulted in growth inhibition of human LoVo colon cancer xenografts. Six weeks after treatment, relative tumor volume decreased to 90% of baseline for the OV798 treatment group, compared to an increase to 1200% of baseline at 4 weeks for the vehicle-treated group. In vitro and in vivo characterization indicate that OV798 could be used as a therapy for human colon cancer.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen-producing cell-specific oncolytic adenovirus, OV798, for colorectal cancer therapy. 1457 65

Our clinical studies revealed significantly increased soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) plasma levels in patients suffering from malignant melanoma, glioma, breast and ovarian cancer. Specific ELISpot assays demonstrate that sHLA-G molecules expressing intron-4 sequences are preferentially secreted by peripheral blood monocytes. In vitro, the sHLA-G secretion of monocytes and tumor cells was strongly enhanced by TH1 cytokines like IFN-alpha, -beta, -gamma whereas TH2 cytokines (e.g. IL-4, -10) had minor effects. As sHLA-G can inhibit the functions of T and NK cells high concentration of these molecules should systemically or at the tumor side reduce the immune surveillance and thus favour the progression of cancer.
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PMID:Secretion of sHLA-G molecules in malignancies. 1470 17

Thalidomide, an oral agent with antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties, is being investigated extensively in the management of advanced cancer. Multiple studies with large numbers of patients have confirmed that this drug has significant activity in multiple myeloma. Some patients with myelofibrosis or myeodysplatic syndromes may reduce their need for transfusions after thalidomide treatment. The activity of thalidomide in solid tumors is less prominent. Studies in Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer appear more promising especially when thalidomide is combined with biological agents or with chemotherapy. Limited activity was demonstrated in patients with glioma, while thalidomide appears to be inactive in patients with head and neck cancer, breast or ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Thalidomide in cancer medicine. 1527 53

This 2002 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) activity survey concentrates on current status, increase and decrease in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) activity in Europe and investigates the association of transplant rates with team density. In 2002, there were 20 207 HSCT, 6915 allogeneic (34%), 13 292 autologous (66%) and 3947 additional re- or multiple transplants collected from 586 centres in 39 European countries. Main indications were leukaemias (6523 (32%; 76% allogeneic)); lymphomas (10 760 (53%; 92% autologous)); solid tumours (1913 (9%; 92% autologous)) and nonmalignant disorders (874 (4%; 92% allogeneic)). Compared to 2001, there were increases (>10%) for AML, ALL 1st CR, CML not 1st cP, MDS, SAA and CLL in allogeneic HSCT and for MDS, Ewing's sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer in autologous HSCT. Decreases (>10%) were observed in autologous HSCT for acute leukaemias beyond 1st CR, CML cP, glioma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Correlation of transplant rates (number of transplants per 10 million inhabitants) with team density (number of transplant teams per 10 million inhabitants) suggests different diffusion patterns for autologous compared to allogeneic HSCT. These data describe current practice for blood and marrow transplantation in Europe and give some hints about mechanisms involved in HSCT rates.
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PMID:Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe 2002. Changes in indication and impact of team density. A report of the EBMT activity survey. 1551 6

The broad-complex, tramtrack (ttk) and bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger proteins (BTB/POZ) domain is highly conserved in a large family of eukaryotic proteins and is crucial for the latter's diverse roles in mediating interactions among proteins that are involved in transcription regulation and chromatin structures. From a fetal brain cDNA library, we isolated a cDNA of 2489 base pairs (bp) encoding a novel human BTB domain-containing protein named BTBD10. The cDNA contained an open-reading frame (ORF) of 1428 bp encoding a putative 475-amino acid (aa) protein. The BTBD10 gene was located on human chromosome 11p15.2 and consisted of nine exons spanning about 75.2 kilobase pairs (kb) of the human genome. The cDNA microarray analysis showed that BTBD10 was down-regulated in all 18 glioma samples. The expression pattern of BTBD10 gene was examined by multiple tissue cDNA (MTC) panels (Clontech), which showed a ubiquitous expression pattern in the 16 tissues examined with high expression in adult brain, testis and small intestine and weak expression in the heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary and colon. The subcellular localization result revealed that BTBD10 was located specifically in the nucleus of HEK293 and COS7 cell lines, suggesting that it may function in transcriptional regulation. The different expression patterns of BTBD10 in different grades of glioma versus normal brain were also examined by RT-PCR and Northern blot. We also investigated the expression of BTBD10 in hepatocellular carcinoma, ovary cancer and lung cancer, and the results revealed no significant difference in these three tumors. All these data suggested that BTBD10 might play a role in glioma.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human BTB domain-containing gene, BTBD10, which is down-regulated in glioma. 1555 95


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