Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of 146 primary and metastatic neoplasms of the CNS were studied with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether immunohistochemistry can help in the differential diagnosis and facilitate a more precise classification of CNS tumors. Neoplastic cells in glial tumors (astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas) reacted strongly with GFAP. Immunoreactivity with antibodies to neurofilaments helped to distinguish neuronal tumors. Keratin was always positive in metastatic carcinomas, while vimentin positivity characterized mesenchymal differentiation. Other markers such as LCA, S-100, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, factor VIII, CEA and EMA were variably expressed by tumor cells providing information about cell differentiation and functional status.
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PMID:The contribution of immunohistochemistry to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic neoplasma of the central nervous system (CNS). 275 65

The cell surface sugar determinants (CSSD) were examined in C6 glioma cells in cultures at different conditions of growth by peroxidase conjugates of the lectins: peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), lentil agglutinin (LCA), laburnum bork agglutinin (LABA), and lotus agglutinin (TPA). It was found that the cells bound more intensively WGA, LCA, and RCA compared to PNA, HPA; the weakest staining was provided by LABA and TPA. Binding intensity for PNA significantly increased after pretreatment of the cells with neuraminidase. This indicates that a part of the beta-D-galactose residues on the surface membrane of C6 glioma cells is covered by sialic acid. The process of sialization was increased during the culturing of C6 glioma cells. Addition of cis-DDP or dBcAMP to cultures growing in medium with 10% of CS increased the number of Gal residues which are not covered by sialic acid. The expression of beta-D-galactose (Gal), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (NAcDGal), and fucose (Fuc) residues appeared to be most responsive to changes in growth conditions and degree of cell differentiation. The expressions of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAcDGlc) and mannose (Man) residues were high and seems did not depend on changing of the conditions of culturing. In C6 glioma cells cultures in which the rate of cell division, formation of the cell processes, and adhesiveness of the cells to the substratum were reduced by growing cells in MEM+, expression of beta-Gal, NAcDGal, and Fuc was considerably reduced. The decrease of expression of beta-Gal, NAcDGal, and Fuc on the surface of cell membrane was more pronounced in MEM+ with 1% of CS than in MEM+ with 10% of CS. In DbcAMP and cis-DDP treated cultures, grown in medium with 1% serum, in which cell division was inhibited without obvious changes in cell adhesiveness to the substratum, binding of PNA and HPA was increased due to higher expression of beta-Gal and NAcDGal. From these observations it was concluded that the pattern of expression of sugar residues on the cell surface varies according to the biological state of the cells and are easily affected by tissue culture conditions.
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PMID:Growth related changes in sugar determinants on the surface of C6 glioma cells in culture: a cytochemical lectin-binding study. 856 19

We have isolated and characterized N-linked oligo-saccharides that are significantly increased in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines. The structures of N-linked oligosaccharides present in 3 human normal brain tissues, 15 patients with glio-blastoma and 3 glioma cell lines were analyzed by partially automated technique for the isolation and fluorescent labeling of N-linked sugar chains from glycoproteins. Characterization of the sugar chains was achieved with the use of a combination of HPLC columns and a highly sensitive fluorescence detector at femtomole levels. By collecting peaks which accounted for 0.1% or more, sixteen different oligosaccharide structures were characterized from glioblastoma tissue and cell lines. The 16 oligosaccharide structures accounted for 48.9% of the total N-linked oligosaccharides present in glioblastoma tissue. The major components of total oligosaccharides were similar to those of normal brain tissue. The amount of a biantennary bigalactosylated structure with one core fucosylation (A2G2F) was present in increased levels in glioblastoma tissue (mean = 2.90%) and glioma cell lines (mean = 5.60%), while being less than 0.1% in normal brain tissue. Expression of highly branched tetra-antennary N-glycans that are usually detected in lungs or hepatocellular cancer was not observed. Tissue glioma cells and cultured cells also displayed strong LCA-lectin binding, which binds to sugar chains with core fucose (including A2G2F), while normal brain tissue did not. Moreover, LCA lectin inhibited proliferation of glioma cells through induction of apoptosis. A2G2F on glioma specimens may provide a novel marker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma, respectively.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an N-linked oligosaccharide that is increased in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines. 1621 Dec 17

Recent studies showed that glioma conditioned medium is able to induce blood-brain barrier properties in in vitro models. In this regard, it was investigated whether glioma conditioned medium can also influence the lectin-binding capacity of blood-brain barrier in vitro models. For the presented study cell lines PBMEC/C1-2 and ECV304 were chosen because it was previously shown that glioma conditioned medium was able to induce specific blood-brain barrier properties in these cell lines. Six different plant lectins (WGA, STL, LCA, UEA-I, DBA, PNA) with distinct sugar specificities were applied in order to elucidate the glycosylation patterns of cell line PBMEC/C1-2 and ECV304. Lectin-binding studies were carried out with monolayers as well as with single cells. In the case of PBMEC/C1-2 monolayers, results showed a significant increase of the binding of lectins WGA, STL, UEA-I, DBA and PNA after application of 25 pmol lectin when cultured in media containing soluble factors derived from glioma cell line C6, whereas the binding capacity for LCA remained similar. For ECV304 monolayers, a significant decrease of WGA, STL and LCA was observable, whereas UEA-I binding increased in comparison to cells grown in the corresponding basal growth medium without soluble C6 factors. Single cell studies showed less significant, but similar changes in the lectin-interactions with the cell surfaces. In conclusion, it was shown that soluble factors derived from glioma cell line C6 can modulate the "glycocalyx" of blood-brain barrier mimicking cell lines.
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PMID:Alteration of the glycocalyx of two blood-brain barrier mimicking cell lines is inducible by glioma conditioned media. 1944 5

Cyclooxygenases (cox) are potent mediators of inflammation and two cox-isoenzymes, cox-1, cox-2, are described to date. Cox-2 is cytokine-inducible in inflammatory cells and enhanced cox-2 expression has been attributed a key role in the development of edema and immunomodulation in pathologically altered brain tissues. In normal cerebral cortex cox-2 is present only in neurons, but not in the glial or vascular endothelial cells. The function of microglia in glioma biology is unclear. Microglia have both neurotrophic and neurotoxic functions and have been shown to release a variety of cytokines. Our preliminary results showed that the expression pattern of cox-2 is predominantly neuronal although glial expression was observed with the correlation of high malignancy. In this study we aimed to assess the phenotypes (astrocyte, microglia) of the cox-2-expressing glial cells in various types of human gliomas and to compare their expression patterns. For this purpose we employed dual immunohistochemistry for cox-2 and GFAP (astrocyte) or LCA-MAC (microglia-macrophage) in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded human tissue diagnosed as oligodendroglioma and/or astrocytoma. The results showed that cox-2 immunoreactivity is up-regulated in the neurons according to the tumor grade. Most of the cox-2 immunoreactive glia were GFAP-positive in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and at lesser extend in glioblastomas. Cox-2 and LCA co-localization was detected in more glial cells in glioblastomas. It may be speculated that the induction of cox-2 in microglia may contribute to the deleterious effects of prostanoids in cerebral edema formation during the progression of oligodendrogliomas. The detection of cox-2 in astrocytes surrounding the necrotic areas might be important to develop new strategies, such as the usage of cox-2 inhibitors combine with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of glioma patients.
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in astrocytes and microglia in human oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma. 2005 22

The transmembrane proteoglycan NG2 is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), which migrate to axons during developmental myelination and remyelinate in the adult after migration to injured sites. Highly invasive glial tumors also express NG2. Despite the fact that NG2 has been implicated in control of OPC migration, its mode of action remains unknown. Here, we show in vitro and in vivo that NG2 controls migration of OPC through the regulation of cell polarity. In stab wounds in adult mice we show that NG2 controls orientation of OPC toward the wound. NG2 stimulates RhoA activity at the cell periphery via the MUPP1/Syx1 signaling pathway, which favors the bipolar shape of migrating OPC and thus directional migration. Upon phosphorylation of Thr-2256, downstream signaling of NG2 switches from RhoA to Rac stimulation. This triggers process outgrowth through regulators of front-rear polarity and we show using a phospho-mimetic form of NG2 that indeed NG2 recruits proteins of the CRB and the PAR polarity complexes to stimulate Rac activity via the GEF Tiam1. Our findings demonstrate that NG2 is a core organizer of Rho GTPase activity and localization in the cell, which controls OPC polarity and directional migration. This work also reveals CRB and PAR polarity complexes as new effectors of NG2 signaling in the establishment of front-rear polarity.
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PMID:NG2 regulates directional migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Rho GTPases and polarity complex proteins. 2380 6

Intraoperative pathologic diagnosis for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is important to determine the neurosurgery procedure. But sometimes the differential diagnosis between glioma and lymphoma, or glioma and metastatic tumors is difficult for a pathologist during a short time, especially when the specimen is small or the frozen section has ice crystals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a very useful method for diagnosis, but the traditional immunohistochemical method is time-consuming and not suitable intraoperatively. In this study, we chose Cytokeratin-pan, GFAP, and LCA as three immunohistochemical indicators. Intraoperative IHC was done by Novodiax ihcDirect technology combined with Leica Bond auto-staining. Compared with the manual method recommended for the reagents (Novodiax ihcDirect), the results show that auto-staining has better stability and high reproducibility in coloration, which has broad prospects for future application.
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PMID:Rapid intraoperative immunocytochemistry of central nervous system tumors. 3205 71