Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The medical records of 229 consecutive patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas were reviewed with respect to histology, age at diagnosis, tumor location, and enhancement pattern on the CT obtained after the administration of contrast material at the time of operation. Nonenhancing tumors were identified in four (4%) of 93 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM), three (30%) of ten with gemistocytic astrocytoma (GA), 23 (31%) of 74 with highly anaplastic astrocytoma (HAA), and 28 (54%) of 52 with moderately anaplastic astrocytoma (MoAA). The age-related incidence of the various glioma histiotypes (both enhancing and nonenhancing) was reflected by the median age at diagnosis: 50 years in GM, 52 years in GA, 40 years in HAA, and 34 years in MoAA. The age and CT contrast enhancement pattern were similar in patients with GM, GA, and MoAA; patients with nonenhancing HAAs tended to be younger at presentation. The tumor location and the frequency of enhancing and nonenhancing lesions were similar for all groups except MoAA, in which nonenhancing tumors were most often frontotemporal and enhancing tumors were usually frontoparietal. Our results demonstrate that it is important to obtain histologic confirmation of the diagnosis in patients with supratentorial gliomas regardless of the presence or absence of contrast enhancement of the tumor on CT, because neither of these characteristics correlates with the tumor histology.
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PMID:Absence of contrast enhancement on CT brain scans of patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas. 284 1

Brain tumors are the second most common childhood malignancy. Between 1975 and 1985, 462 newly diagnosed patients were treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; 207 (45%) tumors arose in the posterior fossa and 255 (55%) appeared supratentorially. A wide variety of histological subtypes were seen, each requiring tumor-specific treatment approaches. These included primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 86, 19%), astrocytoma (n = 135, 30%), brainstem glioma (n = 47, 10%), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 32, 7%), and ependymoma (n = 30, 6%). Because of advances in diagnostic abilities, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, between 60% and 70% of these patients are alive today. Diagnostic tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow for better perioperative management and follow-up, while the operating microscope, CO2 laser, cavitron ultrasonic aspirator and neurosurgical microinstrumentation allow for more extensive and safer surgery. Disease specific treatment protocols, utilizing radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, have made survival common in tumors such as medulloblastoma. As survival rates increase, cognitive, endocrinologic and psychologic sequelae become increasingly important. The optimal management of children with brain tumors demands a multidisciplinary approach, best facilitated by a neuro-oncology team composed of multiple subspecialists. This article addresses incidence, classification and histology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pre-, intra- and postoperative management, long-term effects and the team approach in posterior fossa tumors in childhood. Management of specific tumor types is included as well.
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PMID:Pathology, treatment and management of posterior fossa brain tumors in childhood. 296 18

Diffuse astrocytomas of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord are classified into three groups according to the degree of tumor anaplasia. These groups are the astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas have a better prognosis and are clinically and biologically distinct from the diffuse, fibrillary astrocytomas. The prognosis of astrocytomas depends not only on histologic characteristics, but also age of the patient, location of the tumor, and extent of surgical resection. The pattern of invasion into surrounding brain distinguishes gliomas from metastatic carcinomas and sarcomas. Topographic correlations have shown that malignant gliomas may invade the brain for distances of up to several centimeters from the enhancing rim seen on CT scan. However, the junction between glioblastoma and adjacent brain may also be fairly abrupt, with a peripheral margin of less than 1 mm. Recurrent glioblastomas are more widely invasive and often extend into areas that appear normal on CT scan. The optimal site for tumor biopsy corresponds to areas of contrast enhancement. Primitive neuroepithelial tumors are malignant neoplasms with a poor prognosis. They tend to recur locally and metastasize throughout the neuraxis via the CSF. It remains controversial whether these tumors should be classified as a single entity with the potential for differentiation along different cell lines, or whether the categories of neuroblastoma, spongioblastoma, ependymoblastoma, pineoblastoma, and medulloblastoma should be retained as specific entities. The medulloblastoma is the most common of these neoplasms, its clinicopathologic features are well characterized, and the current 5-year survivals of 50 to 60 per cent are better than for other "primitive" neoplasms. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a specific marker for immature, reactive, and neoplastic astrocytes and ependymal cells. Although the absence of GFAP in a neoplasm does not exclude an astrocytic origin, the presence of GFAP indicates astrocytic or ependymal differentiation. This has important diagnostic applications. The expression of GFAP is used to distinguish astrocytic neoplasms from epithelial or mesenchymal tumors that may on occasion mimic a glioma. The detection of GFAP is also useful in the investigation of tumor histogenesis and differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Although meningiomas exhibit a wide variety of histologic patterns, most tumors exhibit similar biologic and clinical behavior regardless of the histologic subtype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pathologic analysis of primary brain tumors. 300 88

A permanent cell line, S635c15, was derived from an anaplastic astrocytoma induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) in a female F-344 rat. Persistent expression of the astrocytic differentiation protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was detected both in cultured cells after 100 passages in vitro and in transplanted tumors. Subcutaneous and intracerebral transplantation of S635c15 cells in syngeneic rats resulted in a 100% tumor incidence and a reproducible mortality distribution. S635c15 cells formed discrete masses after subcutaneous injection but grew intracranially as infiltrative lesions. Tumor blood flow and blood-to-tissue transport studies yield comparable values to other rat glioma models; S635c15 intracranial tumors proved to be a homogeneous model with little variation within and between tumors with respect to morphology, GFAP expression, blood flow, and permeability. This cell line provides a GFAP-expressing brain tumor model that extends the use of autochthonous ASV-induced astrocytomas by allowing in vitro and in vivo studies. It may be useful for further studies in neurobiology and brain tumor biology, diagnosis, and therapy.
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PMID:A glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing and tumorigenic cell line derived from an avian sarcoma virus-induced rat astrocytoma. 302 15

The authors tried to establish a model of primary, autochthonous avian sarcoma virus-induced rat glioma for experimental chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It was found that the intracerebral inoculation of 2 X 10(6) FFU/5 microliter of an infectious cells-free homogeneous sub-group D Schmidt-Ruppin avian sarcoma virus into 3-day-old inbred Fischer rats induced brain tumors in all rats. The mean survival time of the inoculated rats was 58.7 +/- 12 days. With regard to the classification of the induced brain tumors in Fischer rats, astrocytoma accounted for 70%. This ASV-induced tumor in rats fulfills the following criteria for a desirable animal model. Spontaneously arising. Glial origin. Intraparenchymal growth. Uniformly fatal within a reasonable time period. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, such as ACNU and vincristine were evaluated and additionally, the effect of ACNU used in conjunction with radiation was also evaluated in this model. The mean survival time of rats was prolonged significantly with ACNU (20 mg/kg) or radiation therapy (1,000 rads), respectively, and in cases where ACNU was used together with radiation, the mean survival time was prolonged further still, but not very significantly, in comparison with radiation therapy alone. In conclusion, the ASV-induced rat glioma model was considered to be closely akin to a spontaneous brain tumor in terms of morphology, blood supply and kinetics of the primary tumor. Moreover, the therapeutic sensitivity of this model to anticancer drugs was fairly similar to that of human anaplastic astrocytoma. Considering these observations, this model seems to be an excellent experimental brain tumor model which is useful for evaluating the effect of new therapies against malignant brain tumors.
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PMID:[Treatment of autochthonous rat brain tumors with chemotherapy and radiotherapy]. 303 11

The results of histoautoradiographic and immunohistochemical studies of biopsy specimens of 15 brain tumours are reported. The specimens were labeled with 3H-thymidine using an in vitro technique. Meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas and well differentiated astrocytomas showed a median S-phase fraction of about 1%. In contrast, the labeling indices of 4 from 7 anaplastic astrocytomas were higher (2.1, 3.0, 3.5, 11.4). With increasing degree of malignancy the proliferative heterogeneity of the tumours increases. In every glioma varying amounts of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected immunohistochemically (PAP technique). In 3 high-grade gliomas (2 glioblastomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma) an inverse relation of the investigated parameters (high S-phase fraction, low GFAP expression) was found. An exact prediction on biological behaviour of an individual tumour by GFAP detection immunohistochemically is not possible, because a high GFAP content can be detected also in some malignant tumours. However, the 3H-thymidine labeling indices of viable parts of the tumours, probably reflecting the growth fraction seem to be clinically important parameters, especially in respect to the prognosis.
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PMID:[Cell proliferation and glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain tumors]. 309 35

A case of true multicentric glioma which occurred in a 52-year-old female is presented. Two lesions one occurring six months after the other were localized below and above the tentorium, respectively. Histological examination showed the same pattern of anaplastic astrocytoma in both foci. The possibility of cerebellar tumor metastasizing to cerebral hemisphere is discussed and deemed as unlike in this particular case.
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PMID:A case of multicentric glioma of cerebellum and brain. 317 58

Two continuous human glioma derived cell lines, LI and DF, were established in our laboratory. Both cell lines showed cytological features and in vitro behavior similar to those of the respective original neoplasms. These two lines were characterized for their main biological properties including in vitro and in vivo growth rate, clonogenic ability and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The plating efficiencies were generally high both during exponential and stationary growth phases and a high tumorigenicity was observed. All injected nude mice developed tumors. The two lines were tested for chemosensitivity to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP). Heterogeneity in biological features and in drug sensitivity was observed. Exposure of the two lines to BCNU and DDP showed that the glioblastoma (LI) was less sensitive than the anaplastic astrocytoma (DF). For both lines BCNU was more effective on cells in plateau than in exponential phase, while the killing effect of DDP was not phase-dependent.
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PMID:Establishment, characterization and chemosensitivity of two human glioma derived cell lines. 322 39

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma is reported. The patient was a 33-year-old male, who was admitted with complaints of sensory aphasia, slight left motor paresis, and visual field defects. Neurological examination disclosed sensory and motor aphasia, Gerstmann's syndrome, slight left motor paresis, right homonymous hemianopsia, and bilateral choked discs. Computed tomography revealed a low density mass lesion with slight enhancement in the left temporal region and a ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the suprasellar region. In MRI, both the left temporal and the suprasellar lesions are depicted as low signal intensity areas in T1 weighted imaging, but as high signal intensity areas in T2 weighted imaging. Craniotomy was performed and both tumors were almost totally removed. The tumor in the left temporal region was diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma and the other in the suprasellar region was diagnosed as chromophobe adenoma. Multiple primary intracranial tumors of different cell types are rare. About a hundred cases can be found in medical literature. More than two thirds of them are cases of glioma associated with meningioma, but other combinations of tumors are extremely rare. We now report this case of astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma. In the literature, there are only 5 cases of similar combination. It is believed that astrocytoma and pituitary adenoma are histologically different. In three of five reported cases, the tumors were in close proximity to each other, but it is doubtful that their close proximity was related to the fact that they developed concurrently.
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PMID:[A case of anaplastic astrocytoma associated with pituitary adenoma]. 322 1

The prognostic importance of tumor size was studied in 510 patients with malignant glioma (80% with glioblastoma multiforme) in the Valid Study Group of Study 80-01 of the Brain Tumor Study Group (now the Brain Tumor Cooperative Group [BTCG]). The endpoint was length of survival from randomization, which occurred within 3 weeks of definitive surgery. Following randomization, patients were scheduled to receive radiotherapy (RT) (6,020 cGy) during a 7-week period, along with continuing courses of chemotherapy. Computed tomographic (CT) scan information was available for 124 patients preoperatively, 300 patients postoperatively (preradiation), and 218 patients 9 weeks post-RT (+/- 3 weeks). Tumor size was determined as area (length x width) on the contrast-enhanced scan and survival was compared by log rank statistics. Preoperative tumor area was unrelated to survival (P = .48), but postoperative area was significantly prognostic (P less than .0001); the smaller the residual tumor, the longer the patient lived. Patients with a 75% or greater resection, as determined by measuring the difference between the preoperative and the postoperative scans, tended to have better survival, but the difference was not significant (P = .16). The post-RT area was strongly related to survival (P less than .00001). The percent change in area between the pre- and post-RT scans was also prognostic. Tumor size was of prognostic importance independent of the other known prognostic variables: age, Karnofsky performance score, and whether the tumor was glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. We conclude that the amount of tumor remaining after surgery is an important baseline variable at the start of RT, and that the tumor size 9 weeks following RT is also prognostic. Surgical resection is most important when it leaves the least amount of residual tumor.
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PMID:The prognostic importance of tumor size in malignant gliomas: a computed tomographic scan study by the Brain Tumor Cooperative Group. 333 97


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