Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-seven patients presenting with acute intracerebral haematomas between 1989 and 1992 were retrospectively examined to assess the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in identifying any underlying lesion. None had any prior known intracerebral pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were done on a 0.5 T unit. Ten patients with an average age of 35 years had angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVM) found by MRI (one with biopsy confirmation). One of three cases of glioma, three of three cases with secondary tumour, one case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with haemorrhagic infarction, one of two cases of venous angioma and one case of arteriovenous malformation were detected by MRI. Progress computed tomography scans discovered two cases of glioma and angiography found a venous angioma and an arterial aneurysm, all undetected by MRI. It is concluded that MRI scanning is helpful in detecting underlying AOVM as a cause of intracerebral haemorrhage but its role in imaging haemorrhagic tumours remains unclear.
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PMID:Acute intracerebral haematomas: assessment for possible underlying cause with MRI scanning. 825 26

A newborn is described who presented with heart failure from a posterior dural arteriovenous malformation and had a coexisting congenital medulloblastoma. There have been sporadic reports of arteriovenous malformation and brain neoplasms in older children and adults, and these have generally been glial tumors. This is the first known case of a combined congenital primitive neuroectodermal tumor and arteriovenous malformation in an infant.
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PMID:Posterior dural arteriovenous malformation and medulloblastoma in an infant: case report. 842 41

This article reports the results of clinical testing in pediatric patients of a new contrast agent, gadoteridol injection (ProHance), developed by Squibb Diagnostic as a nonionic gadolinium agent for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen children (four girls and nine boys) ranging in age from 10 to 18 years were enrolled in the study. The children had MR studies of the brain and/or spine with T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and postgadoteridol injection T1-weighted sequences. Five children had primary brain or spine neoplasms, three children had metastatic disease to the central nervous system, one child had a recurrent brain neoplasm and spinal canal metastasis, one child had an arteriovenous malformation, and two children were normal on the MRI studies. No minor or major reactions to gadoteridol injection developed in the 13 patients. Gadoteridol injection provided excellent delineation and enhancement of the arteriovenous malformation and all of the primary and secondary neoplasms of the central nervous system except for one case of a grade 1 glioma of the midbrain. Gadoteridol injection is a safe and excellent contrast agent for use in MRI.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system in children with a new nonionic gadolinium contrast agent--gadoteridol injection (ProHance). 849 90

Harvey Cushing was largely responsible for the establishment of neurosurgery as a separate discipline. He demonstrated how careful attention to technique could make surgery acceptably safe, established classifications and clinical-pathologic correlations of a wide variety of tumors, and trained dozens of future neurosurgical department heads. Less well known, however, is Cushing's contribution to the early clinical use of radiation therapy for a variety of intracranial disorders. With the aid of his meticulous clinical follow-up, large case volume, and willingness to try new treatment methods, he demonstrated the utility of therapeutic radiation in patients with pituitary tumor, medulloblastoma, and arteriovenous malformation. His less impressive results with the irradiation of patients with glioma are also worthy of note and include trials of brachytherapy. Neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists exploring new methods of delivering therapeutic radiation to the central nervous system should be aware of the lessons learned from Cushing's experience.
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PMID:The influence of Harvey Cushing on neuroradiologic therapy. 893 13

During radiosurgery, a single high dose of ionizing radiation is delivered with exquisite precision to a radiographically defined intracranial target. More than 60,000 patients have been treated worldwide since the first Gamma Knife was installed in Stockholm in 1968. Indications include arteriovenous malformation, cerebral metastasis, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, malignant glioma, and trigeminal neuralgia. Two hundred patients have been treated at the Midwest Gamma Knife Center in the first 21 months of operation beginning in September 1994.
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PMID:Gamma Knife radiosurgery: indications, techniques, and results in 200 patients treated at the Midwest Gamma Knife Center. 922 7

We report a case of a large cystic astrocytoma associated with arteriovenous malformation in the right cerebral hemisphere of a 16-year-old boy. Neuroimaging showed large abnormal vessels with flow voids and arteriovenous shunt around the cystic lesion. Histologically, the cyst wall was formed by abnormal vasculature and clusters of glial cells forming a papillary growth pattern. The abnormal vasculature consisted of dilated vein-like vessels and medium-sized arteries with incomplete media, and was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation. Immunohistochemically, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) decorated both the perikaryon and the processes of the glial tumor cells. They were negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin, and S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were rich in intermediate filaments, and neither cilia, microvilli, nor ependymal rosettes were verified. Based on these morphological features and the low MIB-1 labeling index of 0.8%, the glial tumor was diagnosed as astrocytoma, Grade II, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) tumor classification. An association of glioma with various types of vascular anomalies has been designated as angioglioma. A unique feature of the present case, however, is a papillary growth pattern, which is not listed in the current WHO classification of brain tumors. The recognition of the occurrence of such cases would be important in differential diagnosis of papillary ependymoma and choroid plexus papilloma.
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PMID:A case of angioglioma composed of astrocytoma with a papillary growth pattern: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. 1262 43

We reviewed the clinical presentation, imaging and histopathologic findings in 4 patients with the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation associated with glioma that were operated on from 1991 to 2000 in our institution. Four patients (2 males; age between 15 and 52 years) presented with progressive headache with clinical evidence of intracranial hypertension (in 3) and partial seizures (in 1). CT scan showed a brain tumor without any detectable pathologic vessels. Histologic examination revealed astrocytic tumors associated with arteriovenous malformation. No patient presented the vascular component intermixed with the tumor. The arteriovenous-glioma association is rare and must be identified by a clear demarcation between the malformation and the tumor.
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PMID:[Arteriovenous malformation-glioma association: study of four cases]. 1289 78

A 58-year-old male was admitted with headache to our neurosurgery clinic. His neurological examination revealed slight left hemiparesis. The radiological evaluation with contrast administred magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated a right temporo-parietal ring enhancing mass lesion surrounded by edema which was resembling a typical glioma (Fig. 1). The patient was operated on via a temporo-parietal craniotomy and an arteriovenous malformation surrounded by abnormal glial tissue was observed during the exposure. A nidus supplied by several branches arising from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was obvious. The venous drainage of the malformation was to the superficial venous system. The observed arterial feeders and the draining vein were coagulated and the nidus was macroscopically totally excised. The frozen examination from surrounding glial tissue revealed a high grade glioma. The tumor was also macroscopically totally excised. Postoperatively, the cerebral angiogram demonstrated a right temporal arteriovenous malformation with a centrally excised nidus. The remaining major feeders involved the angular gyrus and the posterior temporal arteries. The venous drainage was to the straight and sigmoid sinuses (Fig. 2). The final histopathological examination of the specimen revealed an arteriovenous malformation surrounded by a high grade glioma (Fig. 3). The patient refused a second operation for total removal of the AVM. Postoperatively, he is doing well with improvement of his left hemiparesis.
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PMID:A glioma with an arteriovenous malformation: an association or a different entity? 1474 Feb 71

Hemorrhage into the structures of the anterior visual pathway, apoplexy of the chiasma or optic nerves, is a rare pathology that can be caused by different pathological processes among which cavernous angioma and arteriovenous malformation are more frequently mentioned. The cause of chiasmatic apoplexy may be also hemorrhage into the tumor--chiasmatic glioma of blood penetration into the chiasma in pituitary apoplexy. The authors describe a rare case of chiasmatic apoplexy whose cause was chiasmatic cavernoma. In addition to acute visual disorders suggesting the involvement of the left optic nerve, chiasma, and left visual pathway, 23-year-old patient had endocrine disorders as polyuria, polydipsia, which first suggests craniopharyngioma and glioma of the chiasma. A capsule and hematomic clots were removed from the thickened left optic nerve and left chiasmatic half during surgery. Only did a morphological study involving immunohistochemical analysis permit identification of the process as hemorrhage from cavernous micromalformation with the formation of hematoma.
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PMID:[Chiasmatic cavernoma]. 1607 30

Chemotherapy in glioma is poorly effective: the blood-brain barrier and intrinsic and/or acquired drug resistance of tumor cells could partly explain this lack of major effect. We investigated expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP3, MRP5 and glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in malignant glioma patients. Cytofluorimetric analysis of 48 glioma specimens and 21 primary cultures showed high levels of MRP1, moderate levels of MRP5 and low levels of Pgp, GST-pi and MRP3. Immunohistochemistry (25 glioma specimens) showed expression of GST-pi (66.7% of cases), MRP1 (51.3%), MRP5 (45.8%), Pgp (34.8%) and MRP3 (29.9%) in tumor cells. Moreover, analysis of tumor samples by real time quantitative PCR showed mRNA expression of all investigated genes. Tumor vasculature, analyzed in glioma specimens and in tumor derived endothelial cells, showed expression of all investigated proteins. Non-tumor brain samples (from a patient with arteriovenous malformation and from one with epilepsy), normal human astrocytes and cultured endothelial cells were also analyzed: astrocytes and endothelial cells expressed the highest levels of the investigated proteins, mainly MRP1 and MRP5. No significant differences in proteins expression were detected between primary or recurrent gliomas, suggesting that glioma chemoresistance is mostly intrinsic. Therefore, we detected, for the first time, the presence of MRP3 and MRP5 on glioma specimens--both in tumor and endothelial cells--and we delineated an expression profile of chemoresistance proteins in glioma. The possible association of inhibitors of drug efflux pumps with chemotherapy could be investigated to improve drugs delivery into the tumor and their cytotoxic effects.
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PMID:Expression of drug resistance proteins Pgp, MRP1, MRP3, MRP5 and GST-pi in human glioma. 1619 81


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