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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The term "angioglioma" denotes a highly vascular glioma, most of which are low-grade lesions associated with a favorable prognosis. The authors encountered an example of this pathology, a cystic oligodendroglioma associated with prominent vasculature which both clinically and histologically mimicked an occult arteriovenous malformation (AVM). This case and reports of the association of AVM and glioma prompted a histological review of 1034 surgically resected AVM's, both angiographically occult and visible, among which no oligodendroglial or astrocytic forms of "angioglioma" were found. Eight cases were observed, however, wherein oligodendroglial cells were increased in number within or about the malformation. Two basic histological patterns of oligodendroglial cell excess were seen; one appeared to be malformative in nature with abnormal disposition of oligodendroglial cells being an integral part of the AVM, whereas in the other an apparent increase in cellularity seemed the result of chronic ischemia with condensation of white matter. It appeared that the areas of increased oligodendrocyte content seen in association with AVM are non-neoplastic lesions that exhibit two rather distinct histological patterns of differing origin. In an effort to determine the frequency of "angioglioma," the authors examined Tissue Registry data for several glioma groups in which highly vascular examples are prone to occur. Tumors selected for study included 104 cerebellar-type (pilocytic) astrocytomas, 82 oligodendrogliomas, and 51 supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas. Histological hypervascularity mimicking a vascular malformation (that is, an "angioglioma") was encountered in 5%, 4%, and 12% of the cases, respectively. Based upon clinical, radiological, and pathological reviews of these cases, as well as a careful review of the literature, it was concluded that 1) "angiogliomas" are neither rare nor represent a distinct clinicopathological entity; 2) in histological but not necessarily angiographic surgical terms, they represent simply highly vascular gliomas, usually of low grade; and 3) the clinicopathological and angiographic features as well as the prognosis of such lesions do not differ from those of similar gliomas without angioma-like vasculature. Finally, "angiogliomas" must not be confused with gliomas of high-grade malignancy which, due to neovascularity, may be highly vascular at angiography and at surgery.
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PMID:"Angioglioma" and the arteriovenous malformation-glioma association. 188 77

A 26-year-old patient presented with acute chiasmal syndrome. Computerized Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging demonstrated an intrachiasmal hematoma which was evacuated via a right subfrontal approach. Histological examination revealed an arteriovenous malformation. In 21 similar cases in the literature, surgery generally resulted in the improvement of ophthalmological signs. In 3/4 of the cases, histology identified a subjacent lesion (arteriovenous malformation, cavernoma, venous angioma, glioma).
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PMID:[Opticochiasmatic apoplexy]. 226 44

Between February 1986 and December 1988, 44 patients were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery using a standard linear accelerator. Twenty one patients were treated for cerebrovascular abnormalities and 23 patients were treated for intracranial tumors. Fifteen of the 23 patients treated for intracranial tumors had received previous radiotherapy. The range of doses given by radiosurgery was 1000-2500 cGy. Nausea and vomiting occurred in seven patients within six hours of treatment. The incidence and symptoms were correlated with the dose of radiation to the vomiting center (area postrema) with the median dose to the postrema in symptomatic patients being 618 cGy compared to a range of less than 5 to 184 cGy in the remaining 36 asymptomatic patients. Temporary alopecia occurred in a single patient who received 400 cGy to the scalp. Alopecia did not occur in the remaining 43 patients who received from less than 5 to 175 cGy. Two patients treated for arteriovenous malformations developed an enhancing lesion on CT scanning (one with cerebral edema) on follow-up CT scanning six and twenty-eight months following radiosurgery. The location of these enhancing lesions corresponded to the volumes treated. In one patient, the enhancing pattern and edema disappeared within 18 months of treatment and no neurological deficits developed. Aphasia occurred in one patient treated for a recurrent glioma two hours following treatment to the left temporal lobe and cleared within 12 h of radiosurgery. One patient with an arteriovenous malformation of the pons developed weakness of the contralateral arm and leg six weeks following treatment and this has slowly resolved over the last 12 months. In conclusion, the complications to date have been self-limited and appear to be directly related to the dose and area of brain treated. Prior radiation therapy has not been associated with increased risk of complication in patients treated with radiosurgery for recurrent tumors to date.
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PMID:Stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain using a standard linear accelerator: a study of early and late effects. 234 48

Regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF) was measured by the I.V. 133 Xenon method and use of 27 detectors in 91 patients with complex partial epilepsy in interictal periods (at least 48 h over a complex partial seizure). Some were also examined less than 48 h before or after seizures. All were studied with ictal and interictal electroencephalography (EEG), polysomnography, computed tomography (CT), some had nuclear magnetic resonance scans (MR). The blood flow values were compared with a group of a 20 normal subjects matching for age. A significant decrease of r CBF ranged from 15% to 25% was found in the temporal region in three groups of epileptic patients: with repeated normal CT scans and lateralized EEG abnormalities (N = 46); with cortical atrophy in CT scan (N = 12); with neurosurgical focal lesions on CT and or MR scans glioma, arteriovenous malformation) (N = 10). r CBF was normal or decreased by less than 15% in the other regions of the brain. Patients with repeated normal CT scans and bilateral EEG abnormalities either asynchronous or alternatively observed in the right side or left side on waking EEG or during NREM sleep and REM sleep, did not show reduction in r CBF. In a previous study, r CBF distribution was also found normal during interictal phase in patients with primary generalized epilepsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Regional cerebral blood flow in partial complex epilepsy with and without the presence of lesions]. 380 89

One hundred consecutive patients with complex partial seizures were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). Thirty-four patients had seizures of more than 5 years' duration, yet neurologic examinations and previous pre- and postinfusion CT scans had been normal. MR imaging demonstrated surgical lesions of potentially therapeutic significance in four of these 34 patients. Two patients underwent surgery with removal of a thrombosed arteriovenous malformation and a glioma. Although CT has been found to detect structural abnormalities, its yield of therapeutically significant abnormalities has been low.
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PMID:Chronic seizure disorders: contribution of MR imaging when CT is normal. 392 Aug 77

Three cases of a form of focal hydrocephalus are described which the authors term "entrapment of the temporal horn". Obstruction of one lateral ventricle in the region of the trigone isolates the temporal horn. Continued secretion of cerebrospinal fluid within the temporal horn causes it to behave as a mass lesion. In the cases described the causes of the condition were recurrent glioma, previous tuberculous meningitis and surgical excision of an arteriovenous malformation which extended into the trigone. Shunting of the trapped temporal horn provides satisfactory treatment.
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PMID:Entrapment of the temporal horn: a form of focal obstructive hydrocephalus. 395 36

A surgical carbon dioxide laser unit (laser) has been used since 1977 in twenty-five cases of various brain tumours, including ten meningiomas (four sphenoid ridge, two parasagittal, two falx, one olfactory, one posterior fossa), eleven gliomas (seven glioblastoma, four astrocytoma), two metastatic brain tumours, one haemangioblastoma, and one arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The criteria for laser use, as based on evaluation and location of meningioma, were: grade 1, convenient but adjuvant; grade 2, also necessary; grade 3, indispensable. The laser is obligatory in sphenoid ridge meningioma in order to peel the tumour away from the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, cavernous sinus ect. The grade of necessity for laser use is therefore either 2 or 3. In convexity or parasagittal meningioma, on the other hand, the necessity grade is either 1 or 2. In the glioma group hemorrhage in seven cases of glioblastoma was easily laser-controled, and the tumours were wasted away in a short time through vaporization, with minimum mechanical effect on adjacent tissue. The laser is therrefore very useful in cases of glioma, especially glioblastoma, considering the shortened operating time, decreased blood loss, and extended area of tumour resection. Laser surgery is proposed as being most appropriate, mainly for its vaporizing and coagulating functions, in cases of brain tumour involving the elderly and poor risk cases.
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PMID:Evaluation of brain tumour laser surgery. 677

A totally thrombosed large arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which operated as an intracranial space occupying lesion was presented. The patient was a 24-year-old woman who had had frequent attacks of loss of consciousness since the age of 13 years and had been on anticonvulsant medication at the psychiatric department of our hospital. She was referred to our clinic with bitemporal girdle pain, nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination revealed right homonymous hemianopsia, sensory aphasia and choked discs in both ocular fundi. Computed tomogram demonstrated a well defined large high density area with mottled calcification in rostromedial part of the left occipital lobe. The midline structures were displaced to the right side with deformity of the lateral ventricles. Left carotid angiogram showed upward displacement of M2 portion of the left middle cerebral artery. Fine vessels were observed as a capillary blush at the distal part of the pericallosal artery. Teratoma or calcified glioma was suspected preoperatively. But surgery revealed that the large mass was a totally thrombosed AVM. Possible mechanisms for the spontaneous enlargement of the thrombosed AVM were discussed. Cases of totally thrombosed AVM causing displacement of the midline structures or deformity of the ventricles without massive hematoma or disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation have not yet been reported.
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PMID:[Totally thrombosed large arteriovenous malformation--a case report]. 715 97

Eight patients with a histologically proven angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation of the brain had plain and infused computed tomographic (CT) examinations. In five cases angiography revealed a hypovascular mass in three cases the angiogram was normal. On CT examination a high density lesion (six cases) and ventricular asymmetry (five cases) were demonstrated. In three patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage, the high density appearance and ventricular compression were accounted for by the presence of hematoma. In three of five seizure patients the high density lesion was associated with calcification while ipsilateral (one case) and contralateral (one case) enlargement of the lateral ventricle was seen. In five of the eight cases the vascular nature of the lesion was suggested by vascular enhancement of the infused CT scan. Glioma was a common misdiagnosis.
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PMID:The computerized tomographic appearance of angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations of the brain. 722 61

The concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms is uncommon. The literature contains 20 cases of multiple sclerosis associated with gliomas and nine cases with non-gliomatous neoplasms. This report describes a protoplasmic astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation found incidentally at autopsy of a 63-year-old woman with a 25-year history of multiple sclerosis. This is the first demonstrated association of multiple sclerosis with an arteriovenous malformation. Although neoplastic transformation of reactive glial cells in multiple sclerosis plaques has been proposed as the source of gliomas, the association of multiple sclerosis with astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation in the present case is considered to be coincidental. Gliomas reported in association with multiple sclerosis are more frequently (30%) multicentric than are uncomplicated gliomas.
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PMID:Concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms. 726 Aug 77


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