Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous administration of sodium benzylideneascorbate (SBA) rapidly necrotized inoperable human lung cancer, and induced degeneration of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma (vacuolar, eosinophilic degeneration, nuclear debris) without affecting the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and total protein levels. Cultured normal human lung and skin fibroblasts, and human glioma and glioblastoma cell lines were relatively resistant to SBA, when compared to human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. SBA had no apparent host immunopotentiation activity such as stimulation of cytokine action or production; activation of monocyte or polymorphonuclear cells; or modulation of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity. The data suggest that the antitumor activity of SBA might be produced by direct action of authentic SBA or its metabolized form(s), rather than by immunopotentiation of the hosts.
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PMID:Induction of tumor degeneration by sodium benzylideneascorbate. 174 10

Family histories of male patients with histologically confirmed malignant gliomas were compared to family histories of controls (wives). Included were 77 case families with 892 relatives and 77 control families with 719 relatives. Cases had significantly more siblings than controls (P = 0.02), although cases were not preferentially the oldest or the youngest sibs. Odds ratios of two or more were found for mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, and meningitis for the relatives of cases versus controls, but none were statistically significant. The excesses of Parkinson's disease and meningitis were explained by the family of one particularly interesting case containing three relatives with meningitis and two relatives with Parkinson's disease. Noteworthy age-adjusted odds ratios for cancer among relatives of cases compared to relatives of controls were 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.3) for cancer of any site, 2.4 (95% CI = 0.8-6.1) for breast cancer, and 4.0 (95% CI = 0.6-10.7) for lung cancer. Only the odds ratio for cancer of any site was statistically significant. Overall, 6 of 77 (8%) of cases came from families that included two or more relatives with breast or lung cancer in addition to the proband with malignant glioma. These three cancer sites may form familial clusters worthy of further evaluation in future studies by pedigree and genetic linkage analyses.
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PMID:Familial factors associated with malignant gliomas. 222 74

Quantitative determination of human glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) obtained from 66 patients with a variety of neurological diseases was performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (G-22). In this system, the minimum detectable amount of the antigen in the CSF was 8 ng/ml. It was demonstrated that CSF diagnosis of glioblastoma might be possible in the case of small tumors with a diameter of less than 2 cm. CSFs obtained from all 18 patients with glioma were positive and the level varied from 11.2 to 186.1 ng/ml. The antigen level in the cystic fluid of the tumor was higher than that in CSF. There was a tendency for the antigen level in CSF to be correlated with the tumor size and the type of histology. The malignant types of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma showed higher levels than the benign type of ependymoma and astrocytoma. Most types of non-gliomatous brain tumor were negative except immature teratoma, meningioma with central neurofibromatosis, and metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer. We also noted that tumor progression or regression of malignant glioma could be predicted by the monitoring of the antigen in the CSF.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and its usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of human glioma. 191 50

Serum from a patient with oat cell (OC) tumor and paraneoplastic upper and lower motoneuron syndrome showed binding of IgG but not IgM to normal human cerebral cortex (CC), molecular (M), and Purkinje (P) cell layers of the cerebellum, anterior horn cells (AHC), and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). There was no binding to glial and granular cells, white matter, peripheral nerve, or OC. Sera from three patients with OC tumor without neurologic deficit, three patients with non-OC lung cancer and peripheral neuropathy, and five healthy subjects were used as controls. While none of the control sera showed binding to the CC or M layer, the three controls with OC showed 50% reactivity with AHC, and other controls showed weak staining of PC, AHC, or DRG. Absorption of the patient's serum with cerebral or cerebellar tissue, but not with liver or spinal cord, resulted in elimination of the immunostaining. Staining of the CC and M layer could not be blocked by a monoclonal IgG to a glioma cell line, but partial blocking occurred by preincubating the tissue with monoclonal IgG (MF 491) to gastric carcinoma and cross-reacting with OC and several neural elements. The results suggest specific binding of the patient serum IgG to the CC and M layer; however, the relationship of this antibody to the pathogenesis of the paraneoplastic syndrome remains elusive.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical binding of serum IgG from a patient with oat cell tumor and paraneoplastic motoneuron disease to normal human cerebral cortex and molecular layer of the cerebellum. 300 92

Twenty two patients with meningeal neoplasia were treated with biweekly combination intraventricular chemotherapy using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and thiotepa. Patients with the following malignancies were included: breast cancer, ten patients; lung cancer, seven; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two; malignant melanoma, one; transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, one; and malignant glioma, one. Eight of 22 patients (36%) had a Karnofsky performance status of less than 50%. Eleven of 22 patients received radiotherapy to symptomatic areas, and seven received systemic chemotherapy in addition to combination intraventricular therapy. Patients were evaluated for both toxicity and response to therapy. Myelosuppression was the major toxic condition and occurred in 17 of 22 patients (77%). Ten patients (45%) had a nadir WBC count of less than 1000/microL or a platelet count of less than 25,000/microL. No patient achieved a complete response (CR), although nine patients (41%) had partial responses (PRs) lasting 4 to 24 + weeks. Median survival for the entire group was 10 weeks (range, 6 to 24+ weeks). In this small group of patients, simultaneous triple-drug intraventricular chemotherapy caused unacceptable myelosuppression without increasing the response rate, response duration, or survival when compared with single-agent methotrexate and radiotherapy.
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PMID:Combination intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal neoplasia. 307 22

For the past 30 years strategies for the preclinical discovery and development of potential anticancer agents have been based largely upon the testing of agents in mice bearing transplantable leukemias and solid tumors derived from a limited number of murine as well as human sources. The feasibility of implementing an alternate approach, namely combined in vitro/in vivo screening for selective cytotoxicity among panels of human tumor cell lines derived from a broad spectrum of human solid tumors is under investigation. A group of 30 cell lines acquired from a variety of sources and representing 8 lung cancer pathologies as well as 76 cell lines representing 10 other categories of human cancer (carcinomas of colon, breast, kidney, prostate, ovary, head and neck; glioma; leukemia; melanoma; and sarcoma) have exhibited acceptable growth characteristics and suitable colorimetric profiles in a single, standard culture medium. Measurements of in vitro growth in microculture wells by cell-mediated reduction of tetrazolium showed excellent correlation (0.89 less than r2 less than 0.98) with measurements of cellular protein in adherent cell line cultures as well as viable cell count in suspension cell line cultures (0.94 less than r2 less than 0.99). Since the microculture tetrazolium assay provides sensitive and reproducible indices of growth as well as drug sensitivity in individual cell lines over the course of multiple passages and several months' cultivation, it appears suitable for initial-stage in vitro drug screening.
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PMID:Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. 333 22

Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunization of the human glioma cell line SK-MG-4. One of the antibodies, designated G-22, reacted with 18 of 20 glioma cell lines, two melanoma cell lines, and three lung cancer cell lines, but not with 39 cell lines derived from sarcoma, carcinoma, or hematopoietic tumors. The antigen was expressed in the brain of human fetuses in early gestation (9 weeks) but not in late gestation (8 months) or in normal adult brain, suggesting that the antibody recognizes neural differentiation antigens expressed by neuroectodermal origin. A high incidence of positive antigens has been observed in gliomas but not in the other neural tumors, such as ependymomas, meningiomas, and neuroblastomas. Thus, the antigen defined by the G-22 monoclonal antibody could be defined as glioma-associated antigen. Pulse-labeling with tritiated leucine and subsequent immunoprecipitation of the solubilized cell membrane revealed that the antigen recognized by this antibody had a molecular weight of 67 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was shown by dot-blot enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) that the antigen could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with gliomas. From analysis of affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE, the antigen present in the CSF had a molecular weight similar to that of a 1% Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) extract from a glioma cell line. When the antigen in CSF was quantitatively assayed by ELISA, the mean antigen level (expressed as optical density at 450 nm) in the CSF of seven patients was 0.8 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- standard deviation), which was significantly higher than the 0.38 +/- 0.14 level observed in the CSF of 15 patients with nonglioma brain tumors and the 0.23 +/- 0.09 level in the CSF of four patients without brain tumors. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibody G-22 is useful for the diagnosis of glioma.
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PMID:Characterization of neuroectodermal antigen by a monoclonal antibody and its application in CSF diagnosis of human glioma. 334 15

Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from primitive sympathetic neuroblasts in the adrenal gland or the sympathetic ganglion. NB in situ, sometimes observed in the adrenal glands of autopsied infants, is considered to be a premalignant lesion that may develop into NB. Little is understood about the morphological and biochemical changes that accompany this malignant progression. In this study, a unique monoclonal antibody, KP-NAC8, raised against a human NB cell line is described. This binds to NB cells but not to fetal neuroblasts. The antibody recognizes a Mr 200,000 surface protein on NB cells. KP-NAC8 binds to 15 of 17 human NB cell lines and all 26 fresh NB samples either from tumor tissues or from marrow aspirates involved with tumor. The antibody was found to cross-react with some other tumor cell lines, namely, Ewing's sarcoma (1 of 2), melanoma (1 of 4), lung cancer (3 of 3), and leukemia (2 of 14) cell lines. However, KP-NAC8 did not bind to any rhabdomyosarcoma (0 of 4), Wilms' tumor (0 of 4), retinoblastoma (0 of 2), glioma (0 of 4), and gastric cancer (0 of 2) cell lines examined. Among fetal tissues, KP-NAC8 did not react with normal neuroblasts in the adrenal glands of 5 fetuses. In a further study, the membrane phenotype of fetal adrenal neuroblasts was analyzed by a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies including KP-NAC8. A comparison of the binding of the same panel of antibodies to fresh NB revealed that antibodies UJ13A, UJ127:11, PI153/3, anti-Thy-1, A2B5, BA-1, BA-2, HSAN1.2, and Leu-7 bound to both fetal adrenal neuroblasts and NB cells. Monoclonal antibodies OKIa-1 and J5 did not bind to either tissues. The only antibody that could distinguish fetal adrenal neuroblasts from NB cells was KP-NAC8. KP-NAC8 may, therefore, define a differentiation-related antigen that may prove helpful in understanding the biological nature of NB and NB in situ.
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PMID:Cell surface membrane antigen present on neuroblastoma cells but not fetal neuroblasts recognized by a monoclonal antibody (KP-NAC8). 356 10

It is well known that convulsion is one of serious adverse reactions of x-ray contrast media. The occurrence of the convulsion seems to be very rare in general population. However, a few reports noticed recently that patients with brain metastases or gliomas developed this complication relatively frequently and the terms, as contrast-induced convulsion or contrast media-associated (induced) seizure, were used. We performed 12,479 cranial CT examinations with contrast enhancement during the last nine years. The amount of 100 ml in adult or 2 ml/kg in children of 65% Angiografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate) was given intravenously and five patients had contrast media-associated seizures. Case 1: A 37-year-old man with right frontal anaplastic glioma was treated surgically and with radiochemotherapy and hyperthermia. In spite of anticonvulsant therapy, general or left hemiconvulsions occurred sometimes. The patient had contrast-induced general convulsion at 16th CT examination which revealed enhancement in the wall of surgical tissue defect. At 26th CT study, he developed general convulsion again. Case 2: A 47-year-old man with anterior callosal anaplastic glioma was treated surgically and with radiochemotherapy and hyperthermia. After then, he had contrast media-associated general convulsion at 10th CT examination which showed enhanced lesions. Case 3: A 63-year-old woman had been treated surgically for lung cancer. Five years later, CT revealed a ring enhancement in the left frontal lobe. Radiation reduced the lesion gradually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical course and CT findings in patients with contrast media-associated seizures]. 359 1

Human cancers including eleven lines of stomach cancer, thirteen lines of lung cancer and six lines of glioma xenotransplated in nude mice were tested for experimental treatment by seven different anticancer agents in the present project. The doses used in this experiment were the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and rational dose (RD) which was determined to maintain the blood level of drugs in nude mice the same as that in humans to obtain clinical effectiveness. In this experimental regimen, the response rate (number of effective lines/number of total lines tested) in the MTD treated group was much higher than the clinical response rate, but the response rate in the RD-administered group was almost the same as the clinical response rate.
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PMID:Utilization of nude mice in research on human cancer--screening system of anticancer agents using human tumor xenografts in nude mice. 360 90


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