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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The walls of the third ventricle contain a large variety of tissues, and the pathological processes in this area are extremely varied. The pathological lesions encountered in the third ventricle are analyzed with interest to their incidence in the national series. Colloid cysts have a single layer of epithelial cells, mimicking the bronchus epithelium, which may reveal their probable endodermic origin. Xanthogranulomas are not true neoplasms but are only reactional to local hemorrhages. Histological diagnosis may be difficult for glial tumors if the biopsy sampling is insufficient : pilocytic astrocytomas can be overgraded and confused with high grade astrocytomas. Subependymomas should be separated from ependymomas, and giant cell subependymal astrocytomas are specific lesions occurring in tuberous sclerosis. Craniopharyngiomas often show a papillary type when located in the third ventricle. Germinal tumors are associated with immunological markers. The variety of the encountered lesions in the third ventricle needs a close collaboration between neuropathologists and neurosurgeons, and a confrontation of histological data with clinical and radiological data.
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PMID:[Pathological anatomy of tumors of the third ventricle]. 1085 83

Subependymoma is a rare low-grade glioma of the central nervous system that is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. If symptomatic, however, its clinical features vary widely. We report and discuss the management of five surgical patients (two males and three females, 27-65 years old). All tumors developed supratentorially around the foramen of Monro, and their diameters ranged from 18 mm to 90 mm. Of the three symptomatic patients, one presented with sudden loss of consciousness despite having only a small tumor, while in contrast, another patient showed only gradual memory disturbance despite having a very large tumor (90 mm diameter). Two patients were asymptomatic but had ventricular dilatation. Gross total resection was achieved via either a transcortical (three patients) or an anterior transcallosal approach (two patients). No recurrence was observed during follow-up. We concluded that as surgery is the only curative treatment for subependymoma, and even a small tumor can present with sudden deterioration, we recommend early and total resection.
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PMID:Clinical features and management of five patients with supratentorial subependymoma. 2003 55

A rare case of subependymoma in a young patient presenting with sensory dysesthesia is reported. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a posterior fossa mass occluding the fourth ventricle with infiltration to the right side immediately behind the pontine tegmentum and impinging on the right spinothalamic tract. Postoperative tumor histopathology revealed the classical appearance of subependymoma. Subependymoma is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing, low-grade glioma of the central nervous system. If symptomatic, the clinical features are commonly secondary to hydrocephalus, but subependymoma presenting with sensory dysesthesia has never been reported in the literature.
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PMID:A rare case of subependymoma with an atypical presentation: a case report. 2212 50

Subependymoma is a rare low-grade glioma of the central nervous system that occurs most commonly in middle-aged and elderly men and rarely in children. Only a few paediatric patients with subependymomas have been reported. The authors retrospectively analysed five paediatric patients (4 males and 1 female; mean age 8.6 years; age range 5-13 years) at a single institute from July 1998 to April 2009 and summarised the clinical characteristics and management of paediatric intracranial subependymoma. The most common symptom in these five paediatric patients with subependymoma was intracranial hypertension. The tumours were located in the fourth ventricle in two patients, in the fourth ventricle with extension to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in one patient; in the right CPA exclusively in one patient, and intraparenchymally in the left parietal lobe in one patient, the latter two of which are rare locations for subependymoma. Surgery was performed on all five patients. The surgical approach was selected as appropriate for the tumor location. Total resection was achieved in three patients, and subtotal resection in two. All five patients had good outcomes without recurrence. We conclude that surgery is the optimal therapy for paediatric patients with intracranial subependymoma.
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PMID:Clinical features and management of intracranial subependymomas in children. 2311 39

In this paper, a rare case of subependymoma of the fourth ventricle in identical female twins is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT showed nearly identical locations of the tumors in the fourth ventricle and similar growth patterns of the tumors in both sisters. Likewise, postoperative histopathological analysis of both tumors revealed the typical histological appearance of subependymomas. Subependymoma is a rare, low-grade glioma of the CNS, slowly growing and usually asymptomatic. If symptomatic, a subependymoma can in some cases lead to sudden death caused by pressure on the brainstem or decompensated secondary hydrocephalus. This case demonstrates the importance of detecting tumors early and thereby preventing symptoms arising from increasing intracranial pressure, and optimizing therapy options.
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PMID:Simultaneous subependymomas in monozygotic female twins: further evidence for a common genetic or developmental disorder background. 2465 99

Subependymomas are slowly growing glial tumors, corresponding to WHO grade I. Few descriptions of the cytologic features of this neoplasm are available. This study describes the cytologic features of three subependymomas, as well as their differential diagnosis based on cytology. Three men, aged 52, 56, and 63 years, presented with headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nodular intraventricular mass in all three patients. Intraoperative squash cytology specimens from the three intraventricular tumors showed nodular clusters with microcystic changes. Nuclei were round to oval in shape, but showed no evidence of severe nuclear atypia or mitoses. Histological examination showed features of subependymoma. Squash cytology findings, including nodular clusters, mild cellular atypia, microcystic changes, and mucoid material, are useful in the rapid intraoperative diagnosis of subependymoma.
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PMID:Squash cytology findings of subependymomas: A report of three cases and differential diagnosis. 2902 43

Subependymomas are rare, slow-growing, grade I glial tumors of the central nervous system. Recently, diffuse midline gliomas with mutations in the H3.1 or H3.3 genes at the position of amino acid 27, resulting in the replacement of lysine by methionine (K27M), were defined as the new grade IV entity. As H3K27M mutations have been reported in midline gliomas, gangliogliomas, and pilocytic astrocytomas, whether they occur in midline subependymomas has been unclear. We determined whether any such mutations can be found in them and analyzed the prognostic relevance of any such mutations in subependymomas. Four subependymomas, all in the brain stem, harbored H3K27M mutations. No such mutation was found in any of the subependymomas from other locations. The mutations were identified by immunohistochemical stains and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. The median follow-up of the patients with the mutations in their tumors was 3.2 years, and 3 are still alive, having received no adjuvant therapy. We demonstrate that H3K27M mutation can occur in brainstem subependymomas; despite the presence of H3K27M mutation, these cases should not be diagnosed or treated as grade IV tumors because they showed a better outcome than the outcome of diffuse midline H3K27M mutant glioma. Our conclusion is not only that brainstem subependymomas can have H3K27M mutations but that they do not carry the rapidly lethal prognosis with which these mutations are usually associated because of their discovery in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.
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PMID:Detection of H3K27M mutation in cases of brain stem subependymoma. 3038 38