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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a serious form of brain cancer for which there is currently no effective treatment. Alternative strategies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector mediated-genetic modification of brain tumor cells with genes encoding anti-tumor proteins have shown promising results in preclinical models of GBM, although the transduction efficiency of these tumors is often low. As higher transduction efficiency of tumor cells should lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy, a means to rapidly engineer AAV vectors with improved transduction efficiency for individual tumors is an attractive strategy. Here we tested the possibility of identifying high-efficiency AAV vectors for human U87 glioma cells by selection in culture of a newly constructed chimeric AAV capsid library generated by DNA shuffling of six different AAV cap genes (AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, AAVrh.8, AAV9, AAVrh.10). After seven rounds of selection, we obtained a chimeric AAV capsid that transduces U87 cells at high efficiency (97% at a dose of 10(4) genome copies/cell), and at low doses it was 1.45-1.6-fold better than AAV2, which proved to be the most efficient parental capsid. Interestingly, the new AAV capsid displayed robust gene delivery properties to all glioma cells tested (including primary glioma cells) with relative fluorescence indices ranging from 1- to 14-fold higher than AAV2. The selected vector should be useful for in vitro glioma research when efficient transduction of several cell lines is required, and provides proof-of-concept that an AAV library can be used to generate AAV vectors with enhanced transduction efficiency of glioma cells.
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PMID:Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus for glioma cell transduction. 1961 15

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest form of primary brain cancer in adults. Despite advances in molecular biology and genetics of gliomas currently there is no effective treatment or promising molecularly targeted experimental therapeutic strategies for these tumors. In previous studies we have shown aberrant overexpression of the class III beta-tubulin isotype (betaIII-tubulin) in GBM and have proposed that this change may reflect perturbations in microtubule dynamics associated with glioma tumorigenesis, tumor progression and malignant transformation into GBM. This minireview focuses on microtubules and tubulin as emerging targets in potential therapy of GBM using a new class of betaIII-tubulin-targeted drugs in the light of recent developments concerning the function and potential role of this isotype in clinically aggressive tumor behavior, cancer stem cells, tumor hypoxia and chemoresistance to tubulin binding agents, principally taxanes.
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PMID:Tubulin targets in the pathobiology and therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. I. Class III beta-tubulin. 1965 75

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest form of primary brain cancer in adults. Despite advances in molecular biology and genetics of cancer there is no currently available treatment for these tumors. Aberrant patterns of gamma-tubulin expression and compartmentalization in GBM have been reported lending credence to the assertion that these changes might underlie perturbations in microtubule nucleation and mitosis associated with glioma tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This minireview focuses on the role of gamma-tubulin in the pathobiology of GBM in the light of emerging concepts concerning the function of gamma-tubulin and its potential role in tumorigenesis putting forward the concept that gamma-tubulin might serve as a novel marker of anaplastic change in gliomas.
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PMID:Tubulin targets in the pathobiology and therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. II. gamma-Tubulin. 1965 77

Adults diagnosed with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are frequently faced with a 7% chance of surviving 2 years compared with pediatric patients with GBM who have a 26% survival rate. Our recent screen of possible glioma-associated antigen precursor protein (TAPP) profiles displayed from different types of pediatric brain tumors showed that pediatric patients contained a subset of the tumor antigens displayed by adult GBM patients. Adult GBM possess at least 27 tumor antigens that can potentially stimulate T cell immune responses, suggesting that these tumors are quite antigenic. In contrast, pediatric brain tumors only expressed nine tumor antigens with mRNA levels that were equivalent to those displayed by adult GBM. These tumor-associated antigens could be used as possible targets of therapeutic immunization for pediatric brain cancer patients. Children have developing immune systems that peak at puberty. An immune response mounted by these pediatric patients might account for their extended life spans, even though the pediatric brain tumors express far fewer total tumor-associated antigens. Here we present a hypothesis that pediatric brain tumor patients might be the best patients to show that immunotherapy can be used to successfully treat established cancers. We speculate that immunotherapy should include a panel of tumor antigens that might prevent the out-growth of more malignant tumor cells and thereby prevent the brain tumor relapse. Thus, pediatric brain tumor patients might provide an opportunity to prove the concept of immunoprevention.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of pediatric brain tumor patients should include an immunoprevention strategy: a medical hypothesis paper. 1980 19

Glioma is an extremely aggressive and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in diagnostics and treatments, prognosis for advanced patients suffering from these diseases remains poor. Therefore, identification of new therapeutic targets for glioma is of significant importance. In this study, we identified the important role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1; also known as ZEB2) in glioma. We firstly found that SIP1 expression was high in four tumorigenic glioma cell lines but low in two nontumorigenic glioma cell lines. By knockdown or overexpression assay, we discovered that knockdown of SIP1 expression statistically significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of tumorigenic glioma cells, while overexpression of SIP1 promoted cell migration and invasion of nontumorigenic glioma cells. SIP1 knockdown inhibits and overexpression promotes glioma cell clonogenicity in vitro. Further studies identified that SIP1 overexpression inhibits expression of E-cadherin and enhances expression of mesenchymal proteins such as fibronectin and vimentin. This study supports the rationale for developing SIP1 as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target for gliomas.
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PMID:Identification of the role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) in glioma. 1980 22

Primary malignant brain cancer, one of the most deadly diseases, has a high rate of recurrence after treatment. Studies in the past several years have led to the hypothesis that the root of the recurrence may be brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), stem-like subpopulation of cells that are responsible for propagating the tumor. Current treatments combining surgery and chemoradiotherapy could not eliminate BTSCs because these cells are highly infiltrative and possess several properties that can reduce the damages caused by radiation or anti-cancer drugs. BTSCs are similar to NSCs in molecular marker expression and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Genetic analyses of Drosophila CNS neoplasia, mouse glioma models, and human glioma tissues have revealed a link between increased NSC self-renewal and brain tumorigenesis. Furthermore, data from various rodent models of malignant brain tumors have provided compelling evidence that multipotent NSCs and lineage-restricted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) could be the cell origin of brain tumors. Thus, the first event of brain tumorigenesis might be the occurrence of oncogenic mutations in the stem cell self-renewal pathway in an NSC or NPC. These mutations convert the NSC or NPC to a BTSC, which then initiates and sustains the growth of the tumor. The self-renewal of BTSCs is controlled by several evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways and requires an intact vascular niche. Targeting these pathways and the vascular niche could be a principle in novel brain tumor therapies aimed to eliminate BTSCs.
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PMID:Brain tumor stem cells. 1985

Accumulating evidence suggests that in several types of brain tumors, including glioma, only a phenotypic subset of tumor cells called brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may be capable of initiating tumor growth. Recently, the isolation of side population (SP) cells using Hoechst dye has become a useful method for obtaining cancer stem cells in various tumors. In this study, we isolated cancer stem-like cells from human glioma cell lines using the SP technique. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SK-MG-1, a human glioblastoma cell line, contained the largest number of SP cells among the five glioma cell lines that were analyzed. The SP cells had a self-renewal ability and were capable of forming spheres in a neurosphere culture medium containing EGF and FGF2. Spheres derived from the SP cells differentiated into three different lineage cells: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the SP cells expressed a neural stem cell marker, Nestin. The SP cells generated tumors in the brains of NOD/SCID mice at 8weeks after implantation, whereas the non-SP cells did not generate any tumors in the brain. These results indicate that SP cells isolated from SK-MG-1 possess the properties of cancer stem cells, including their self-renewal ability, multi-lineage differentiation, and tumorigenicity. Therefore, the SP cells from SK-MG-1 may be useful for analyzing BCSCs because of the ease with which they can be handled and their yield.
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PMID:Isolation of cancer stem-like cells from a side population of a human glioblastoma cell line, SK-MG-1. 1991 93

Glioma is the most aggressive type of brain cancer. Several mathematical models have been developed towards identifying the mechanism of tumor growth. The most successful models have used variations of the diffusion-reaction equation, with the recent ones taking into account brain tissue heterogeneity and anisotropy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there hasn't been any work studying in detail the mathematical solution and implementation of the 3D diffusion model, addressing related heterogeneity and anisotropy issues. To this end, this paper introduces a complete mathematical framework on how to derive the solution of the equation using different numerical approximation of finite differences. It indicates how different proliferation rate schemes can be incorporated in this solution and presents a comparative study of different numerical approaches.
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PMID:A complete mathematical study of a 3D model of heterogeneous and anisotropic glioma evolution. 1996 65

Our understanding of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common form of primary brain cancer, has been significantly advanced by recent efforts to characterize the cancer genome using unbiased high-throughput sequencing analyses. While these studies have documented hundreds of mutations, gene copy alterations, and chromosomal abnormalities, only a subset of these alterations are likely to impact tumor initiation or maintenance. Furthermore, genes that are not altered at the genomic level may play essential roles in tumor initiation and maintenance. Identification of these genes is critical for therapeutic development and investigative methodologies that afford insight into biological function. This requirement has largely been fulfilled with the emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) and high-throughput screening technology. In this article, the authors discuss the application of genome-wide, high-throughput RNAi-based genetic screening as a powerful tool for the rapid and cost-effective identification of genes essential for cancer proliferation and survival. They describe how these technologies have been used to identify genes that are themselves selectively lethal to cancer cells, or synthetically lethal with other oncogenic mutations. The article is intended to provide a platform for how RNAi libraries might contribute to uncovering glioma cell vulnerabilities and provide information that is highly complementary to the structural characterization of the glioblastoma genome. The authors emphasize that unbiased, systems-level structural and functional genetic approaches are complementary efforts that should facilitate the identification of genes involved in the pathogenesis of GBM and permit the identification of novel drug targets.
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PMID:Functional genomics to explore cancer cell vulnerabilities. 2004 20

Oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) is being developed as a novel virotherapeutic against human brain cancer and has promising activity against human brain tumor models in immunocompromised hosts. Because an intact immune system could reduce its efficacy, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncolytic potential of MYXV in immunocompetent racine glioma models. Here, we report that MYXV infects and kills all racine cell glioma lines and that its effects are enhanced by rapamycin. Intratumoral administration of MYXV with rapamycin improved viral replication in the tumor and significantly prolonged host survival. Similarly, coadministration via a method of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) enhanced viral replication and efficacy in vivo. Mechanisms by which rapamycin improved MYXV oncolysis included an inhibition of type I IFN production in vitro and a reduction of intratumoral infiltration of CD68(+) microglia/macrophages and CD163(+) macrophages in vivo. Our findings define a method to improve MYXV efficacy against gliomas by rapamycin coadministration, which acts to promote immune responses engaged by viral delivery.
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PMID:Myxoma virus virotherapy for glioma in immunocompetent animal models: optimizing administration routes and synergy with rapamycin. 2006 58


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