Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty histologically identified primary brain tumors in the dog were analyzed by computed tomography to establish criteria for identifying tumor types by computed tomography characteristics. Meningiomas could be distinguished from tumors within the brain parenchyma because they usually were broad-based, peripherally located masses that were enhanced homogeneously with contrast material. Among parenchymal tumors, astrocytomas were not distinguished easily from oligodendrogliomas because both tumors had similar features of ring-like and nonuniform enhancement, and poorly defined tumor margins. Choroid plexus tumors were seen as well-defined, hyperdense masses that had marked, uniform contrast enhancement. Pituitary tumors were distinguished readily by their location, minimal peritumoral edema, uniform contrast enhancement, and well-defined margins. Distinguishing features of other less frequently seen tumors (ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, glioma, and neoplastic reticulosis) were not identified.
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PMID:Computed tomographic characteristics of primary brain tumors in 50 dogs. 371 Aug 74

Overall, intraventricular supratentorial tumors are rare in childhood. Classification can be based on the separation of lesions originating in intraventricular structures, such as choroid plexuses, from glial neoplasms of the ventricular wall which tend to infiltrate the ventricular cavities. Aim of the present study is to review the most common neoplasms of this region in childhood. Choroid plexus tumors (papillomas and carcinomas) and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas are dealt with, while for the other neoplasms which are rarer or more typic of other age ranges, specific reports should be consulted. Choroid plexus papillomas affect infants and are the most frequent oncological type among congenital tumors. The malignant variant (grade III-IV) is represented by the less frequent the neoplasms. The malignant variant (grade III-IV) is represented by the less frequent choroid plexus carcinoma which is markedly invasive with respect to adjacent nervous structures and has a high tendency to form metastases even at onset. Anaplastic papillomas are intermediate forms whose correct histopathology is still debated. Most frequent glial tumors are subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas. They are benign tumors (grade I) typically albeit not constantly associated to tuberous sclerosis. In this case the differentiation from subependymal nodules plays a major role. Contrast enhanced CT is fundamental in this assessment. Anaplastic variants, though rare, are well-known.
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PMID:Intraventricular supratentorial tumors in children. 867 37

Within the brain, dissemination of glioma cells follows myelinated fiber tracts and extracellular matrix containing structures such as the basement membranes of blood vessels. These patterns represent the two major routes of invasion frequently observed in clinical disease. Previously, we have characterized the substrates for preferential glioma adhesion and migration on purified ECM protein. In this study sections of human brain from different anatomical regions were used as adhesive substrates and also characterized for the presence and distribution of matrix proteins. Adhesion of marker gene transfected glioma cell suspensions to different regions and anatomical structures of human brain was quantified using a computer assisted image analysis system. Monoclonal antibodies against different adhesion molecules were used to inhibit glioma cell attachment ot specific anatomical structures. In addition, glioma cell aggregates were allowed to adhere to brain sections and single cells were observed to migrate out of these aggregates. Scanning electron microscopy was used to morphologically study the preferred routes of glioma dissemination on brain sections. In brain sections different kinetics of cell adhesion to distinct structures were observed. Within 15 minutes cells adhered and spread on blood vessels and arachnoid tissue containing sections. Choroid plexus and the ventricular wall were also adhesive structures. Adhesion to cortex required 1 hour, while adhesion and spreading on myelinated fiber tracts was retarded and required several hours of incubation. The predominant matrix proteins in small vessels were found to be laminin, collagen type IV, and fibronectin. Choroid plexus and the ependyma showed a similar composition of matrix proteins. Arachnoid fibers contained different types of collagens, predominately type I and III, whereas the only matrix protein identified in the subependyma was fibronectin. Antibodies to the alpha 2, alpha 3, and beta 1 integrin subunits completely blocked adhesion to arachnoid tissue, anti-NCAM inhibited attachment to cortex. Adhesion to blood vessels in brain sections could only be inhibited to 50% by anti-integrin beta 1. Antibodies to the av containing integrin av beta 3 also blocked 50% of adhesion to vessels. Our findings indicate that adhesion of glioma cells to brain sections most rapidly takes place on ECM protein containing regions, especially blood vessels which may serve as guiding structures for glioma dissemination.
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PMID:Glioma cell adhesion and migration on human brain sections. 970 90

Choroid plexus tumors are uncommon brain tumors that primarily occur in children. Most of these tumors originate from the intraventricular area, and the most common clinicalpresentation is increased intracranial pressure. Dissemination through the cerebrospinal fluid space is the inevitable natural course of the disease. Here, we present 2 rare cases of adult choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), each with distinct clinical presentation and progression. The first case was a 40-year-old male who presented with multiple intraventricular masses. After surgical biopsy, radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy failed to elicit any response. The patient progressed with spinal cord dissemination and expired 1 year later. The second case presented with visual disturbance, and brain MRI revealed a large ovoid juxtaventricular mass with peritumoral edema. This 49-year-old female patient underwent craniotomy for what was thought to be a high-grade glioma; however, the mass was connected to the choroid plexus at the operative field. Her pathology specimen was diagnosed as CPC, and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was administered. She has now been free of recurrence for 10 months. The description of the presentation and progression of these rare adult-onset CPC provides insight for the diagnosis and treatment of other rare instances of choroid plexus tumors.
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PMID:Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in Adults: Two Case Reports. 3106 32