Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A dermoid cyst is a thin-walled benign tumor formed by the entrapment of ectodermal tissue during embryologic development, resulting in the inclusion of epithelium and adnexal elements within the tumor. Dermoids are not unique to a single anatomic location but are often isolated to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. They may occur intracranially or intra-abdominally, oftentimes associated with the ovary. If presenting as a midline mass of the skull, preoperative imaging with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to evaluate for possible intracranial extension, given the altered embryologic development behind the formation of these cysts. Differential diagnosis of a midline frontonasal mass includes epidermoid or dermoid cyst, encephalocele, glioma, and sinus pericranii. The management of suspected dermoid cysts includes complete surgical excision, which may require a combined intracranial and extracranial approach. We present a 2-year-old boy who presented to our institution with a congenital midline scalp mass separate from the anterior fontanelle with complete underlying bony erosion to the sagittal sinus demonstrated on preoperative imaging, who required early surgical excision and reconstruction of the bony defect.
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PMID:Midline dermoid cyst resulting in frontal bone erosion. 2233 89

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare benign tumor that is usually located in the superficial cerebral hemisphere. Most reports of PXAs have included only a single case or small series. Therefore, the data with respect to the natural history of this tumor are fragmentary. We report a case of a PXA in the unusual location of the right lateral ventricle with extensive subarachnoid dissemination. To our knowledge, this is a rare case of PXA in the lateral ventricle. In addition, extensive subarachnoid space dissemination of this distinctly benign type of glioma is exceedingly rare. In our case, there was meningeal dissemination and metastases to the bilateral trigeminal nerves and oculomotor nerves. The neuroradiographic features, tumor location, and dissemination were reviewed.
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PMID:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in the lateral ventricle with extensive subarachnoid dissemination: report of a case and review of the literature. 2234 May 80

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and yet almost incurable due mainly to their great invasion capability. This represents a challenge to present clinical oncology. Here, we introduce a mathematical model aiming to improve tumor spreading capability definition. The model consists in a time dependent reaction-diffusion equation in a three-dimensional spatial domain that distinguishes between different brain topological structures. The model uses a series of digitized images from brain slices covering the whole human brain. The Talairach atlas included in the model describes brain structures at different levels. Also, the inclusion of the Brodmann areas allows prediction of the brain functions affected during tumor evolution and the estimation of correlated symptoms. The model is solved numerically using patient-specific parametrization and finite differences. Simulations consider an initial state with cellular proliferation alone (benign tumor), and an advanced state when infiltration starts (malign tumor). Survival time is estimated on the basis of tumor size and location. The model is used to predict tumor evolution in two clinical cases. In the first case, predictions show that real infiltrative areas are underestimated by current diagnostic imaging. In the second case, tumor spreading predictions were shown to be more accurate than those derived from previous models in the literature. Our results suggest that the inclusion of differential migration in glioma growth models constitutes another step towards a better prediction of tumor infiltration at the moment of surgical or radiosurgical target definition. Also, the addition of physiological/psychological considerations to classical anatomical models will provide a better and integral understanding of the patient disease at the moment of deciding therapeutic options, taking into account not only survival but also life quality.
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PMID:Mathematical modeling of human glioma growth based on brain topological structures: study of two clinical cases. 2276 43

A 68 year old male patient presented for radiation therapy for treatment of a benign tumor, a glioma of his left optic nerve. The radiation oncologist intended to prescribe 52.2 Gy to the planning target volume, while maintaining a maximum of 54 Gy to the optic nerves and the optic chiasm and a maximum of 40-45 Gy to the globes in order to minimize the possibility of damaging the optic system, which is especially important as this is a benign tumor. The dosimetrist devised a conformal non-coplanar three-dimensional plan with a slightly weighted forward planning component. This plan was created in approximately 15 minutes after the critical organs and the targets were delineated and resulted in an extremely conformal and homogenous plan, treating the target while sparing the nearby critical structures. This approach can also be extended to other tumors in the brain - benign or malignant.
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PMID:Treating benign optic nerve tumors with a 3-D conformal plan. 2329 Jan 94

This study was designed to explore the role of Cullin1 (Cul1) in the pathogenesis of human glioma and to investigate the role of Cul1 in the growth, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Expression of Cul1 in 191 glioma tissues, 8 normal brain tissues and 8 tumor adjacent normal brain tissues was analyzed by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Cul1 expression in human glioblastoma cells was knocked down by specific siRNA to study the effect of down-regulation of Cul1 on proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells. Our results showed that Cul1 expression increased significantly in tissues from the benign tumor and malignant tumor in comparison with those from the tumor-adjacent normal brain (P<0.05 for both). We did not find any correlation between Cul1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. In addition, we found that knockdown of Cul1 by RNA interference markedly inhibited cell proliferation and caused cessation of cell cycle. This reduced cell proliferation was due to G1 phase arrest as cyclinA, cyclinD1 and cyclinE were diminished, whereas p21 and p27 were up-regulated. We further demonstrated that silencing of Cul1 in glioma cells inhibited the cell migration and invasion abilities, and down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression greatly contributed to the reduced cell invasion and migration abilities. Our data indicated that Cul1 expression significantly increased in human glioma, and it may be involved in proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells.
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PMID:Cullin1 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. 2520 78

The diagnostic value of membrane glycolipid biochemistry index, the lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) and total sialic acid (TSA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 30 intracranial and 65 gastrointestinal tumors. The plasma LSA, TSA and red cell membrane sialic acid (R-SA) in were determined according to the method of Sevenmerhulm. Our results showed that the levels of LSA and TSA in CSF of intracranial tumor patients was higher than that of normal group(p<0.01). The concentration of TSA and LSA in patients with malignant glioma was higher than that of benign meningioma patients(P<0.01). No significance was found between intracranial halmatoma patients and normal control group for levels of membrane glycolipids (p>0.05). Results also found that the plasma LSA, TSA and R-SA of gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than those of control group (p<0.05); while no significant difference was found in the plasma LSA, TSA and R-SA levels between chronic gastritis, gastrohelcoma and normal control group (p>0.05). Plasma LSA, TSA and R-SA levels of gastric carcinoma patient were significantly higher than those of chronic gastritis patients and gastrohelcoma patients(p<0.05). It was also found that plasma LSA, TSA and R-SA contents were significantly higher in large intestine carcinoma patients than in benign in stestine tumor patients (p<0.05) while no significant difference was found between intestine benign tumor and normal control group (p>0.05). The levels of LSA, TSA and R-SA were obviously higher in the patients with metastasis than in the ones without (p<0.05.) The membrane glycolipid biochemistry index LSA and TSA in CSF are sensive markers for diagnosing intracranial tumors. For gastrointestinal malignant tumors the plasma LSA TSA and red blood cell membrane SA may be considered as auxiliary indicators for diagnosis. They can be used for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors.
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PMID:Diagnosis value of membrane glycolipids biochemistry index in intracranial and gastrointestinal tumors. 2585 48

Brain tumors are the second most common type of structural brain lesion that causes chronic epilepsy. Patients with low-grade brain tumors often experience chronic drug-resistant epilepsy starting in childhood, which led to the concept of long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs). Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and ganglioglioma are representative LEATs and are characterized by young age of onset, frequent temporal lobe location, benign tumor biology, and chronic epilepsy. Although highly relevant in clinical epileptology, the concept of LEATs has been criticized in the neuro-oncology field. Recent genomic and molecular studies have challenged traditional views on LEATs and low-grade gliomas. Molecular studies have revealed that lowgrade gliomas can largely be divided into three groups : LEATs, pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG; astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma), and adult-type DLGG. There is substantial overlap between conventional LEATs and pediatric-type DLGG in regard to clinical features, histology, and molecular characteristics. LEATs and pediatric-type DLGG are characterized by mutations in BRAF, FGFR1, and MYB/MYBL1, which converge on the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway. Gene (mutation)-centered classification of epilepsyassociated tumors could provide new insight into these heterogeneous and diverse neoplasms and may lead to novel molecular targeted therapies for epilepsy in the near future.
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PMID:Clinical Pearls and Advances in Molecular Researches of Epilepsy-Associated Tumors. 3108 57


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