Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies raised against human hemopoietic cells was used for immunohistological labeling of frozen sections of human nervous tissues and tumors. Three antibodies showed a remarkably consistent labeling pattern when tested on 18 samples of normal or reactive tissue, on 31 neurogenic and 17 non-neurogenic tumors in an indirect immunofluorescence technique. VIM C6, an antibody recognizing cells of the granulocyte series, showed surface labeling of normal and reactive glial cells and of all types of glioma regardless of the grade of malignancy. VIT 13, an antibody recognizing activated T-cells, labeled the processes of normal, reactive, and neoplastic glia in a manner very similar to but not identical with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). VIB C5, an antibody recognizing B cells and granulocytes, showed surface labeling restricted to malignant cells (malignant gliomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors) and fetal brain, thus recognizing, within the nervous system, an oncofetal antigen. Due to this operational specificity within the nervous system, some of the antibodies described here might have a role as diagnostic markers for CNS tumors. This study confirms and expands previous data that sharing of antigenic determinants by hemopoietic cells and nervous tissue or neurogenic tumors is common. However, the significance of such cross-recognition is still obscure. It is tempting to speculate that cross-reacting auto-antibodies might contribute to tissue damage in some immune-mediated neurologic diseases (myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus) or to impairment of immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis or glioma patients. Furthermore, sharing of surface determinants might be responsible for the dual tissue tropism of some viruses, including the lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) in the encephalopathy of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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PMID:Shared antigenic determinants between human hemopoietic cells and nervous tissues and tumors. 241 Oct 97

The binding specificities of two monoclonal antiglioma antibodies (MAB) derived from hybrids GE2 and BF7 (Schnegg et al. 1981) were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and two immunoperoxidase (IP) methods. Studies were done on biopsies from 33 human CNS tumors, human derived glioma cells, and N-ethylnitrosourea-induced neurogenic rat cells in culture. The immunohistochemical reactions of MAB were investigated in snap-frozen tumor material, conventionally paraffin-embedded material, and tumors embedded in formol sucrose/gum sucrose/paraffin (FSGSP) by the new tissue processing technique of Bolton and Mesnard (1982), which preserves and enhances the antigenicity of tissues. The FSGSP processing offered a better immunocytochemical staining with MAB as compared to cryostat material, while the conventionally embedded paraffin sections of tumors did not stain at all. The binding of MAB revealed an affinity to both glial tumor cells and normal astrocytes. The techniques described are suitable for the identification of an astrocytic subpopulation within gliomas, and may improve the understaining of antigen expression in various stages of astrocytic dedifferentiation.
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PMID:Binding specificity of two monoclonal antiglioma antibodies: immunocytochemical studies using a new tissue embedding technique. 242 23

A series of 146 primary and metastatic neoplasms of the CNS were studied with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether immunohistochemistry can help in the differential diagnosis and facilitate a more precise classification of CNS tumors. Neoplastic cells in glial tumors (astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas) reacted strongly with GFAP. Immunoreactivity with antibodies to neurofilaments helped to distinguish neuronal tumors. Keratin was always positive in metastatic carcinomas, while vimentin positivity characterized mesenchymal differentiation. Other markers such as LCA, S-100, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, factor VIII, CEA and EMA were variably expressed by tumor cells providing information about cell differentiation and functional status.
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PMID:The contribution of immunohistochemistry to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic neoplasma of the central nervous system (CNS). 275 65

Three of 37 adolescents in long-term remission from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed malignant multifocal gliomas several years after completing treatment that included central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with radiation (RT) and intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). No recurrence of the leukemia was evident when the CNS tumors were discovered. Seventeen other similar cases have been recorded. The occurrence of second malignancies is reviewed in the context of this development and of the oncogenic effects of radiation. It is probable that prolonged exposure to IT-MTX may have had a synergistic effect with radiation in contributing to the unusual incidence of glial tumors in these patients.
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PMID:Late multifocal gliomas in adolescents previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 347 82

PCNU, the latest nitrosourea analogue to be subjected to clinical trials, held promise as a superior chemotherapy agent for brain tumors because of more favorable biochemical and cytotoxic characteristics in laboratory studies. Thirty-nine children with a variety of recurrent primary CNS tumors, all of whom had evaluable disease, participated in a phase II PCNU trial. Their mean age was 9.7 (3-20) years. PCNU was administered as a 2 hour intravenous infusion in one of 2 dose schedules at 6-7 week intervals; 100-125 mg/m2 for minimally treated patients and 70-90 mg/m2 for heavily treated patients. Response was assessed after 2 courses of chemotherapy after attempting to taper the steroid dose. The overall objective response rate was 18% (7/39) for a mean of 5.9 months (2+ -12). Only partial responses were observed. Disease-specific responses rates were: brainstem glioma--18% (3/17); cerebral glioma--27% (3/12); ependymoma--1/1; and primitive neuroectodermal tumors--(0/9) including 5 medulloblastomas, 2 pineoblastomas and 3 cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Toxicity was primarily hematologic and clinically significant thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000 mm3) was encountered in 30/38 (79%) patient trials. Modest activity of PCNU in recurrent childhood gliomas is confirmed. Our response rates, using objective CT criteria, are somewhat lower than those reported for BCNU and CCNU. Because of comparable hematologic toxicity and efficacy, intravenous PCNU does not appear to offer a clinical advantage to existing nitrosoureas for children with recurrent brain tumors using a 2 hour intravenous infusion schedule.
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PMID:PCNU and recurrent childhood brain tumors. 368 86

In a series of 28 glioma-derived cell cultures and 6 non-gliomatous CNS tumors, AZQ has been found to have varying degrees of growth inhibiting or cytotoxic activity in nearly all lines tested at doses greater than 100 mcg/ml. At dose levels comparable to the clinically achieved levels (1 mcg/ml), AZQ was found to have a cytotoxic effect in 8 of 28 glioma-derived and 2 of 6 non-gliomatous cell lines tested. These findings suggest that AZQ has activity against certain glioma-derived cells in culture at a response ratio similar to that seen in vivo. There, appear to be significant differences in the degree of responsiveness in different patients' tumor cells which can be detected in vitro prior to clinical treatment.
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PMID:Response variability of human brain tumors to AZQ in tissue culture. 374 85

Gliomas of the CNS associated with tuberous sclerosis have been well documented; malignant degeneration to glioblastoma multiforme, however, is rare. We studied a 17-year-old boy with stigmata of tuberous sclerosis and a cerebral glioblastoma multiforme. The rarity of this occurrence suggests that neoplasms arising from hamartomas may behave differently than those CNS tumors that arise apparently de novo.
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PMID:Glioblastoma multiforme with tuberous sclerosis. Report of a case. 625 67

Mononuclear cell infiltrates are found to varying degrees in 30% to 60% of primary human central nervous system (CNS) gliomas. To explore the immunological importance of this, six operative glial tumors, eight non-glial tumors, and three normal brain specimens were studied. Utilizing an immunoperoxidase method, the authors examined frozen sections for lymphoid infiltrates expressing suppressor/cytotoxic and helper phenotypes, as identified with the Leu-1,2,3 monoclonal antibodies. Four of six gliomas demonstrated lymphoid infiltrates: three tumors exhibited a predominant suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotype and the fourth showed mixed staining of suppressor/cytotoxic and helper cell phenotypes. Varying degrees of lymphoid infiltration characterized four out of eight non-glial primary CNS tumors. Two cases exhibited a prevalence of suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype cells, while two cases demonstrated a more heterogeneous pattern of phenotype expression. Normal brain sections revealed little or no evidence of mononuclear infiltrates. The immunobiological significance of these findings is discussed in the context of tumor-host interaction within the CNS.
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PMID:Mononuclear lymphoid populations infiltrating the microenvironment of primary CNS tumors. Characterization of cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies. 637 63

The hormone sensitivity of some tumors seems to be mediated by the presence of specific receptor proteins, and a correlation seems to exist between the amount of receptor molecules and the behavior of the tumor evolution. Epidemiological data suggest a relation between the steroid sexual hormones and the development of some tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The authors determine the amount of receptors specific to 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone in several cases of meningioma, glioma, neurinoma and intracerebral metastases. 17-beta-estradiol receptors were always detected, although in very variable amount (3 to 74 fm/mg protein). Progesterone receptors were found in all the studied CNS in women, and only in a few male gliomas, in amounts varying between 3 and 17 fm/mg protein. The significance of hormone receptors in the CNS tumors need further studies to know if they can be applied to prognosis and suggest the assay of a complementary endocrine therapy of CNS tumors.
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PMID:[Specific receptors for sex hormones in tumors of the central nervous system]. 654 9

To provide the significance of LDH isozymes in rat CNS tumors, the changes in lactic dehydrogenase isozyme and calculated ratios of H- to M- subunit were studied by means of polyacrylamide gel enzymoelectrophoresis in tumor extracts from CNS tumors (7 astrocytomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 7 mixed gliomas, 6 anaplastic gliomas, 3 glioependymomas, 1 astroblastoma, 11 neurinomas, 8 anaplastic neurinomas and 1 meningioma in Wistar rats which were induced by ethylnitrosourea). The isozyme patterns were compared to those obtained from normal rat CNS tissues. Among the glioma group, oligodendroglioma showed the highest H/M ratio followed by mixed glioma, glioependymoma, astrocytoma, astroblastoma and anaplastic glioma in order of decreasing of H/M ratios. On the other hand, the H/M ratio of neurinoma was significantly higher than that of anaplastic neurinoma. These observation suggested that determination of LDH isozyme patterns could supplement the histological evaluation of brain tumors.
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PMID:LDH isozyme analyses of ethylnitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in rats. 739 14


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