Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with ganglioside II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer (GD3) were generated; four of these mAbs (DMAb-21, DMAb-22, DMAb-23, and DMAb-24) by immunizing mice with GD3 adsorbed to Salmonella minnesota and the remaining three (DMAb-7, DMAb-8, and DMAb-17) with melanoma line SK-MEL 28, which contains 1.4 nmol sialic acid of GD3 per mg protein. The specificities of the mAbs were defined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostain and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SP-RIA) with a panel of purified gangliosides. DMAb-7 and DMAb-8 reacted with GD3, IV3(NeuAc)2nLcOse4Cer(3',8'-LD1), and very weakly with IV3(NeuAc)2II3NeuAcGgOse4Cer (GT1a), but not with II3NeuAc-LacCer (GM3), II3NeuAcGgOse3Cer(GM2), II3NeuAcGgOse4Cer (GM1), II3NeuAc, IV3NeuAcGgOse4Cer (GD1a), II3(NeuAc)2GgOse3(GD2), II3(NeuAc)2GgOse4Cer (GD1b), IV3NeuAcII3(NeuAc)2, GgOse4Cer(GT1b), suggesting the binding epitope to be a terminal tetrasaccharide NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Glc or GlcNAc). DMAb-7 and DMAb-8 were used to investigate the expression of GD3 on cultured human tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin. Thirteen of 19 gliomas, 3 of 5 medulloblastomas, 5 of 5 neuroblastomas, 2 of 2 melanomas, and 1 of 3 teratomas were shown to react with DMAb-8 and/or DMAb-7 by cell surface-RIA (CS-RIA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. HPTLC and densitometric analysis confirmed these results, as positive immunostains in the GD3 region were obtained with oligoganglioside fractions from 9 glioma, 1 medulloblastoma, 2 neuroblastoma, 1 melanoma, and 1 teratoma cell line. Glioma cell line U-105 MG and medulloblastoma cell line Daoy contain GD3 as shown by HPTLC immunostain analysis of extracts, although GD3 was undetectable on the cell surface as determined by CS-RIA and IF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:GD3 expression by cultured human tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin. 260 39

Twenty two nasal cerebral heterotopias were compared with 11 nasal encephaloceles. No histological feature was found that would allow a communication with the brain to be confidently identified or excluded. Even laminated cerebral cortex with neurones and ependymal canals, suggestive of encephalocele, were found in heterotopias. Distinction required radiological and surgical evidence. However, CT scan could be misleading, in one infant suggesting a cribriform plate defect when none was found at craniotomy. Three children had multiple extracranial glial lesions, two with both heterotopia and encephalocele in the same patient. In a few older children it was extremely difficult to identify brain tissue because of marked replacement by fibrous tissue (up to 95%), leading to one misdiagnosis as fibroma, and considerable fibrosis occurred also in five of six recurrences and in a longstanding small encephalocele. In two heterotopias, cellularity in places approached that of low-grade neoplastic glioma. One nasopharyngeal heterotopia contained multiple mesenchymal tissues suggestive of teratoma. Two midline nasopharyngeal encephaloceles showed adjacent epithelium, possibly vestiges of Rathke's pouch.
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PMID:Nasal cerebral heterotopia: the so-called nasal glioma or sequestered encephalocele and its variants. 281

This paper describes the immunohistochemical staining properties of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (CF, EB, AD, and KB) which had been previously shown to be specific for purified neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In this study, the authors immunostained a spectrum of normal and neoplastic neuronal, "neuroendocrine," and nonneuronal tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Positivity was generally restricted to normal neuronal structures and neuronal tumors, including adrenal neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, carotid body paraganglioma, duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma, and teratoma with neuroepithelial components. Three staining patterns of the normal or neoplastic neuronal structures were observed: two MAbs (CF and EB) stained predominantly the nerve fibers (axoplasm); one (AD) stained predominantly the cell bodies (perikaryon); and one (KB) stained both the axoplasm and the perikaryon. "Neuroendocrine" tumors such as pulmonary small cell carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumor, thyroid medullary carcinoma, and carcinoid tumors from various locations showed a variable staining pattern. Tumor cells undergoing mitotic division were usually positive regardless of type. Normal structures other than neuronal or "neuroendocrine," including normal glial cells, were negative. The authors also studied a range of glial cell tumors with MAbs CF and AD as well as with Dako polyclonal antiserum to NSE. The results showed that CF stained the axonal fibers in the normal white matter surrounding these tumors; it did not stain the tumor cells or the perikarya of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter. AD stained the glioma cells as well as the perikarya and dendrites of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter; it did not stain the axonal fibers in the surrounding normal white matter. By contrast, the polyclonal antiserum stained all of these structures. The high degree of staining specificity of the MAbs should prove them to be valuable in immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors as well as in further understanding the role of NSE in neuronal differentiation.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of a set of monoclonal antibodies to human neuron-specific enolase. 328 44

Twelve neonatal brain tumors, presenting within 60 days of birth, constituted 3.3% of pediatric brain tumors. Three-fourths were supratentorial. Two-thirds were benign. Forty-two percent were choroid plexus papilloma. Twenty-five percent were teratoma. Eight percent each were hypothalamic glioma, gliosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Signs of herniation were absent in all 12 patients. Forty-two percent of these patients died 1 day to 8 months after diagnosis. Ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance have all proved useful for displaying these lesions suitably for surgery.
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PMID:Neonatal brain tumors: CT and MR findings. 333 47

The computed tomographic (CT) features of pineal region tumors were analyzed in 60 histologically proven tumors. This is the largest reported series of histologically verified pineal region tumors studied with CT. The tumors were classified as germ-cell tumors, glial tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, and meningiomas. Preenhancement germinomas revealed characteristically high-density areas with calcification; uniform enhancement was seen after injection of contrast material. When present, pineal calcification was engulfed by the tumor. Teratomas, present only in male patients, revealed areas of mixed densities (e.g., calcification and fatty areas) and did not show significant contrast enhancement. Spontaneous intraventricular rupture was noted in one case. Unlike other tumors, the original pineal calcification could be recognized in two-thirds of glioma cases and was displaced anteriorly and superiorly in most. Gliomas were hypodense to isodense on precontrast scans and enhanced in a nodular and a ring fashion. Benign pineal parenchymal tumors showed iso- to hyperdense areas with nodular enhancement after injection of contrast material. Pineoblastomas were well defined hyperdense masses without calcification on precontrast scans. After injection of contrast material, they showed well defined enhancement with occasional small, central lucencies. Meningiomas were hyperdense in most cases, uniformly enhanced in a homogeneous fashion, and showed a tentorial attachment.
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PMID:CT of pineal region tumors. 348 60

A total of 20,192 brain tumors, registered in Japan between 1969 and 1978 have been studied. Differences in frequency between Japan and other countries, and also between children and adults were discussed in relation to tumor distribution, by site in the brain, and the frequencies of various types tumor were classified pathologically and by age and sex. Glioma frequency in Japan was a little lower (38.1%) than in western countries and China (43-49%). Germinomas occurred in 435 patients in all age groups (2.7% of primary tumors), of whom 184 were children (7.8% of primary pediatric brain tumors), these percentages being also much larger than those found outside Japan. The frequencies of craniopharyngiomas were also high in Japan, having totals of 914 cases, or 5.8%, from all primary tumors, and 295 cases, or 12.5%, from all primary pediatric brain tumors. Teratomas occurred mostly in children (67% of the total) and at a relatively high frequency in infants, but, in contrast, dermoid and epidermoid cysts appeared frequently in people between 30 and 55 years of age.
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PMID:A statistical study of brain tumors in Japan: general features. The Committee of the Brain Tumor Registry in Japan. 356 Apr 63

A case of recurrent and metastasizing subcutaneous myxopapillary ependymoma of the sacrococcygeal region in a 44-year-old man is reported. The tumor was characterized light microscopically by numerous papillary projections, lined by epithelium-like cells, with a variable degree of polymorphism. Histochemical analysis relating to glucosaminoglycans indicated the presence of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4- and/or 6-sulfate. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein were demonstrated within the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by an abundance of intermediate cytoplasmic filaments, prominent interdigitating cytoplasmic projections, the formation of desmosomes and external lamina-like material. The growth pattern in the tissue culture of this tumor is described, and the ultrastructural appearance of the cultured cells revealed features similar to the primary and recurrent tumor. Chromosome analyses by the G-banding technique of early generations of cultured tumor cells revealed a normal diploid stemline without gross chromosomal deviations. Among the different variant cells and clones recorded, those with X chromosome deviations were of special interest since gonosomal deviations have previously been observed in other types of glioma. The differential diagnosis against adenopapillary carcinoma, chordoma and malignant teratoma is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Metastasizing myxopapillary ependymoma of the sacrococcygeal region. A clinico-pathologic, light- and electronmicroscopic, immunohistochemical, tissue culture, and cytogenetic analysis of a case. 371 5

Brain heterotopias are rare congenital malformations embryologically related to encephaloceles. They present as a mass in or about the nose (nasal glioma) or in the nasopharynx. We present the clinical and pathological features of 5 cases of heterotopic brain tissue. Four nasal gliomas consisted of mature neuroglial tissue, including neurons in 2 cases, embedded in a fibrovascular stroma. A nasopharyngeal brain heterotopia showed histologic features of mature neuroglial tissue including neurons and ependymal-lined cystic structures. The finding of mature neuroglial tissue in a mass from the head and neck region raises three differential diagnostic possibilities: teratoma, encephalocele, or heterotopic tissue. A teratoma can be ruled out by examination of the entire specimen. Encephaloceles and brain heterotopias can be distinguished only after correlation with the patient's clinical and radiologic findings.
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PMID:"Nasal gliomas" and related brain heterotopias: a pathologist's perspective. 378 65

We have compared the rate and extent of adhesion of various types of mouse tumor cells to endothelial cells derived from different organ sources. Our panel of tumors has included sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, glioma, teratoma, hepatoma, endothelioma, mammary adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma cells. Endothelial cell monolayers have included murine microvascular endothelial cells from ovary, brain, lung, and liver as well as large vessel endothelium from thoracic duct and dorsal aorta. Tumor cells differ both in the adhesive propensity and adhesive preference for different endothelial cells. Some, but not all, of the adhesive preferences correlate with the known in vivo metastatic behavior of these tumors. Our results support the hypothesis that endothelial cell surface-associated specificities may play a significant role in determining the pattern of metastasis.
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PMID:Specificity of adhesion between murine tumor cells and capillary endothelium: an in vitro correlate of preferential metastasis in vivo. 381 50

We have already reported on the usefulness of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test and the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test in predicting the prognosis of brain tumor patients. This paper outlines our investigation of T-lymphocyte subpopulations and analysis of their utilization. The cellular immunological states of brain tumor patients were examined by means of PHA and PPD skin tests, the blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes to PHA and the T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Our subjects consisted of 10 cases of glioma (8 astrocytoma, 2 ependymoma), 2 cases of meningioma, one of teratoma, one of hemangioblastoma and 4 of metastatic brain tumor. These were divided into 2 groups: the benign group, which included low grade astrocytoma, meningioma, teratoma and hamangioblstoma, and the malignant group which included malignant glioma and metastatic brain tumor. The T-lymphocytes were counted by monoclonal antibody assay using Ortho-mune T-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (OK series). We then counted an analysis to determine metastatic brain tumor. The T-lymphocytes were counted by monoclonal antibody assay using Ortho-mune T-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (OK series). We then conducted an analysis to determine whether or not the T-lymphocyte subpopulations could be of value in the prediction of the possible prognosis of patients. The results were as described below. Ratio of helper/inducer T-lymphocytes (OKT 4 positive cells: Th) to suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (OKT 8 positive cells: Ts) were 1.78 +/- 0.18 in the benign group and 1.00 +/- 0.49 in the malignant group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunological monitoring of brain tumors--prognosis based on T-lymphocyte subpopulations and skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity]. 387 52


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