Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5 cases of brain tumor in newborn babies under 2 months are presented. 4 of them were supratentorial teratoma and originated from the midline, and 1 was a glioma at the cerebelloponitine angle. 2 cases died before surgery and 2 cases after surgery. In our 5th case a benign teratoma of 150 g was removed from the third ventricle. He was discharged and enjoyed rather good health for 2 years and 1 month before dying of recurrence of tumor. Internal hydrocephalus associated with the huge tumor was responsible for the sudden deterioration of general condition. Therefore, shunting procedures should be performed as the first aid. However, in our experiences, the conditions at admission were the critical and/or too late to be beneficial. Thus early diagnosis is absolutely necessary for surgical treatment. A summary and discussion of the data of 103 previously reported cases are included.
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PMID:Brain tumor in newborn babies. 30

The case histories of 58 patients irradiated for pineal tumors were reviewed to assess indications and radiotherapy techniques. The survival rates were 61% at five years and 58% at 10 years in all cases. The five-year survival rate was 85% for 21 patients with germinoma, 69% of 26 with tumors not histologically confirmed, and zero for patients with glioma and teratoma. Doses ranging from 1,500 to 1,699 rets with or without decompression definitely improve the prognosis in pineal tumors. Field size and changes in CT scans during radiotherapy are also discussed.
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PMID:Radiation therapy of pineal tumors. 42 54

This is a follow-up study of 96 patients with pineal tumors, except for one patient who was lost to follow-up. 60 of these tumors were verified histologically either at operation or at necropsy, 6 were diagnosed by epitheloid cells existing in the cerebrospinal fluid, and 30 were diagnosed by clinical and ventriculographic findings. In agreement with Russell and Rubinstein, we have classified the histologically verified tumors into 3 groups, as follows; 1. True Pinealoma Group (Pineocytoma, Pineoblastoma), 2. Germinoma-Teratoma Group, 3. Others (Glioma, Cyst). The following points need to be emphasized in the planning of management: 1. Pinealoma (Two cell pattern pinealoma) responds favorably to radiation therapy. 18 of 43 patients of pinealomas who were treated with irradiation are functioning normally in various life situations for more than 5 years. Among them, 5 cases of pinealomas treated with irradiation alone have more than 10 years survivals. 2. There is a limitation in the efficacy of irradiation therapy in cases of spinal cord implantation, infiltration in adjacent structures or subependymal infiltration along the ventricular cavity. 3. Only 2 of 67 patients with pinealomas had spinal cord metastasis. It seems undesirable to subject all patients to complete cerebrospinal axis irradiation. 4. Successful removal were performed in 4 patients with teratomas and are now alive for 9-21 years. None of them, however, are doing well clinically with many neurological deficits. 5. Since adenocarcinoma, teratocarcinoma, teratoblastoma and others are not sensitive to radiation therapy, only the palliative treatments are available. 6. Therefore, the most promising treatments for pineal tumors is that irradiation, plus shunting operation when required, is a first choice and after irradiation, radical removal should be tried in the case of teratoma diagnosed by clinical and ventriculographic findings.
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PMID:[Radiation therapy and surgical management of pineal tumors--follow-up study of 96 patients (author's transl)]. 94 67

A six months female infant was admitted in our hospital for congenital dysmorphism of face: a subcutaneous nodule in left nose region was present. An x-ray study showed relevant scoliosis of the nasal septum. On surgery a white firm nodule was incompletely excised; a post-operatory CT-scan excluded any communication of neoplasia with brain. No bone lacunae were seen. Clinically there was neither rhinorrhea nor meningitis. The baby was discharged on 7th day. Grossly the mass presented white surface, firm consistency with small hemorrhages on cut surface. Microscopically the nodule, encircled by a fibrous pseudo-capsule, was mostly composed of gemistocytic astrocytes, occasionally binucleated, interspersed within fibrillary neuroglial tissue. Strands of fibrous tissue, in continuity with the pseudo-capsule, separated the glial tissue. No neuronal cells were seen. Necrosis, mitotic figures and vascular proliferations were absent. GFAP immunohistochemical stain confirmed the glial nature of the cells. Our diagnosis was one of "heterotopic glial tissue of nose" (nasal glioma). The absence of connection between the nodule and endocranial contents (CSF-filled spaces, leptomeningeal or dural tissue), excluded the diagnosis of encephalocele. In our case, the tissue was only of embryonic neuroectodermal derivation: on this basis the diagnosis of teratoma, which is classically composed of two or three embryonic layers could be excluded. The pathogenesis of nasal glioma is briefly discussed by authors.
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PMID:[Glial heterotopy of the nose ("nasal glioma"). Description of a case]. 149 99

The MR examinations in 25 patients with intramedullary tumors were analyzed. Seven patients were diagnosed with astrocytoma, 6 ependymoma, 2 unspecified glioma, 3 medulloblastoma, 2 metastasis, one neurinoma, and one teratoma. In 3 patients the diagnosis was uncertain. The tumors frequently involved a large portion of the cord and were often accompanied by intratumor necrosis, cystic degeneration, and edema, which was well demonstrated on MR. Gd-DTPA was used in 6 patients and was helpful in separating solid tumor components from cysts and edema. It was difficult to separate different kind of tumors based on morphologic and signal characteristics on MR. Some prominent features could, however, be distinguished. Complete cystic degeneration was more common in astrocytomas than in other tumors, and ependymomas frequently had a heterogeneous signal pattern on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The single teratoma had a characteristic content of fat and calcification, and the melanoma had a signal pattern consistent with blood. CSF pathway spread in cases of medulloblastoma was demonstrated by ill-defined contour of the cord and CSF or tumor nodules on the surface of cord and nerve roots.
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PMID:MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. 166 Feb 97

G-banded chromosomal analysis was performed on primary cultures of 22 intracranial tumors, including eight astrocytomas, nine meningiomas, two dermoid cysts, one acoustic neuroma, one pineal teratoma and one eosinophilic granuloma. One or more chromosomally abnormal clones were observed in 6 (75%) gliomas and 5 (56%) meningiomas. There was no chromosomal abnormality found in one of the dermoid cysts, the acoustic neuroma or the eosinophilic granuloma. A teratoma and a grade IV glioma had heterogeneous hyperdiploid karyotypes. Furthermore, astrocytomas displayed nonrandom loss of chromosomes #19, #21, #22 and Y. In meningiomas, characteristic changes involving chromosome 22 were found in 5 tumors. One meningioma had a ring chromosome in addition to chromosomal loss. With our culture and harvesting techniques, cytogenetic studies can be successfully performed on nearly all intracranial tumor explants, including those derived from small biopsy specimens. Also, in our study, specific nonrandom chromosomal anomalies were found.
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PMID:Cytogenetic study of twenty-two intracranial tumors. 168 Sep 91

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb; DMAb, monoclonal antibodies derived at Duke Medical Center) directed against the oncofetally expressed lactotetraosyl gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 (IV3NeuAc-LcOse4Cer) and 3',6'-isoLD1 (IV3NeuAc,III6NeuAc-LcOse4Cer) were produced and their reactivity spectra compared to that of the alpha-3'-isoLM1 MAb SL-50. The IgM MAb SL-50 defines the epitope NeuAc (or NeuGc)alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc, the terminal sequence of both gangliosides. SL-50 requires an unsubstituted GlcNAc residue; IgM DMAb-14 will accept the alpha 2-6 linked sialic acid to GlcNAc found in 3',6'-isoLD1. Immunohistochemical localization of 3'-isoLM1 was performed on 31 biopsy specimens of human gliomas; 15 (48%) expressed 3'-isoLM1 as defined by binding of MAb SL-50. Staining of small anaplastic cells, giant cells, and the glial component of gliosarcomas was observed. Neoplastic gemistocytes, when present, showed particularly intense staining. The 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 distribution in cultured cell lines and derived xenografts of primary tumors of the human central nervous system and of embryonal or neuroectodermal tumor derivation was determined. Six of 29 cell lines expressed 3'-isoLM1: 2/16 gliomas, 3/3 teratomas, 1/1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma. No cell line expressed detectable 3',6'-isoLD1 by immunostain analysis of ganglioside extracts. The 3'-iso-LM1-positive cell lines expressed it in xenograft form; in five xenografts, the corresponding cell lines of which were 3'-isoLM1-negative, it was a proportion of the monosialoganglioside fraction. 3',6'-isoLD1 was detected in two xenografts, D-54 MG (glioma) and PA-1 (teratoma). The demonstration of 3'-isoLM1 in gliomas in in vivo forms and the relatively infrequent expression by derived cultured cells suggest that ganglioside expression is modified by environmental forces. Expression of 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 in fetal and neonatal brain, in intense reactive astrocytosis such as polyunsaturated fatty acid lipidosis, and in primary neoplasms of the central nervous system suggests their role in cell-cell attachment during development, migration, and neoplastic transformation.
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PMID:Occurrence of lacto series gangliosides 3'-isoLM1 and 3',6'-isoLD1 in human gliomas in vitro and in vivo. 174 82

The changes in daytime levels of melatonin (MLT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of twenty seven hydrocephalic patients were studied by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Patients comprised three with congenital hydrocephalus (spina bifida 1, Chiari type II malformation 2), four post-meningitic hydrocephalus, fifteen brain tumors (chiasmal germinoma 3; malignant glioma of frontal 3, and temporal lobes 1; germinoma 1, teratoma 2, yolk sac tumor 1, epidermoid 1 in pineal region) and five cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. CSF was collected between 0930 and 1030 h through puncture of the flushing device of shunt system or the lateral ventricle. The lowest value of MLT detected by HPLC was 15 pg/ml. Melatonin values were higher in patients aged under 10 years than over 20 years in the absence of meningitis or tumor in the pineal region. Even at ages over 15 years, higher CSF MLT values were obtained in the patients with meningitis or tumors in the pineal region. These results suggest that the inflammation or invasion of tumor into the pineal gland may stimulate the secretion of MLT by the pineal gland. However, lower MLT values were obtained in all patients over 40 years old. For these reasons, if one may use the changes of MLT values in CSF as a tumor marker or for determination of the treatment modality, time of CSF collection, age of patient, location or character of the tumor and presence of meningitis should be given due consideration. Also, the presence or absence of the rhythmical changes of melatonin values in a day following circadian rhythm are very important in determination of the treatment modality.
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PMID:[The studies of melatonin values in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic patients]. 191 Sep 47

The most common ocular and orbital tumors presenting in infancy, childhood and adolescence are presented and discussed in this review. It has been prepared specifically for the clinical pediatrician and focuses on the clinical recognition of ophthalmic neoplasms, their diagnostic evaluation employing the use of advanced imaging techniques, biopsy when indicated and extent of disease workup. In addition, current treatment modalities are discussed. Ocular tumors addressed include: retinoblastoma, capillary hemangioma, lymphangioma, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, teratoma, glioma, astrocytic hamartoma, neurofibroma, rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrous tumors. Two aggressive and potentially fatal tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma, are presented in detail. In addition, the ocular tumors associated with the phakomatoses (von Hippel-Lindau, tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis) are reviewed.
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PMID:Ophthalmic neoplasms in infancy and childhood. 219 81

Quantitative determination of human glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) obtained from 66 patients with a variety of neurological diseases was performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (G-22). In this system, the minimum detectable amount of the antigen in the CSF was 8 ng/ml. It was demonstrated that CSF diagnosis of glioblastoma might be possible in the case of small tumors with a diameter of less than 2 cm. CSFs obtained from all 18 patients with glioma were positive and the level varied from 11.2 to 186.1 ng/ml. The antigen level in the cystic fluid of the tumor was higher than that in CSF. There was a tendency for the antigen level in CSF to be correlated with the tumor size and the type of histology. The malignant types of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma showed higher levels than the benign type of ependymoma and astrocytoma. Most types of non-gliomatous brain tumor were negative except immature teratoma, meningioma with central neurofibromatosis, and metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer. We also noted that tumor progression or regression of malignant glioma could be predicted by the monitoring of the antigen in the CSF.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and its usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of human glioma. 191 50


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