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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual case of acute bilateral loss of vision simulating pituitary apoplexy but due instead to a fatal hemorrhage into a hypothalamic glioma is reported. The clinician dealing with abrupt loss of vision must promptly rule out ocular and orbital causes and then proceed immediately to a consideration of the variety of intracranial lesions which may cause sudden visual loss. Uihlein and Rucker have listed them in descending order of frequency: pituitary adenoma, tumors of the optic nerve and chiasm, supraclinoid aneurysm, parasellar lesion, thrombosis of the carotid artery, hydrocephalus of the third ventricle, chiasmal arachnoiditis, fracture of the anterior cranial fossa, basofrontal tumor of the skull, and pseudotumor cerebri. Neurologic, ophthalmologic, and neuroradiologic evaluations should be obtained without delay and will usually define the lesion and point to the appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Simulated pituitary apoplexy: report of an unusual case due to hemorrhage into hypothalamic astrocytoma. 84 14

The cerebral sequential scintigraphy enables a process to be described according to its hemodynamics (Stage I), its degree of vascularization (Stage II), and the extent of the localized disturbance of the blood-brain barrier function (Stage III). For a given lesion, typical scintigraphic behaviour patterns can be described. This report presents the results of a prospective series with 1722 patients examined using this method. The accuracy of the different scintigraphic diagnoses, according to tumor type, was: cerebrovascular accident with brain infarction - 92% (= CVA), metastasis - 90%, bone or meningital process - 89%, malignant glioma - 91%, meningioma - 74%, highly differentiated glioma - 67%, chronic subdural hematoma - 54%, A-V angioma - 54%, brain abscess - 45%. The differential diagnosis between brain tumor and CVA with infarction was possible in approximately 97% of the patients, the differential diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesion versus CVA with infarction in approximately 95%. There were 14 false positive results recorded (0.8% of the 1722 patients).
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PMID:[Reliability of positive findings in serial cerebral scintigraphy. Evaluation of a prospective series of 1700 cases]. 117 13

To clarify the participation of endothelial-cell-derived growth factors (ECDGFs) in astrocytosis, the effects of endothelial-cell-conditioned medium (ECCM) derived either from normotensive rats or spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats (SHRSPs) on proliferation of C6 cells of an established rat glioma cell line were bioassayed. The ECCM from both strains stimulated proliferation of astrocytes, but the ECCM from SHRSPs showed a higher mitogenic activity for astrocytes than that from normotensive rats. Growth-promoting activity of the ECCM derived from SHRSPs showed an increase that was linear to the conditioning time. These results seem to indicate that endothelial cells produce and release factors that promote the growth of astrocytes. It seems also probable that chronic hypertension causes an increase in production and release of such ECDGFs that correlated with astrocytic proliferation.
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PMID:Effects of endothelial-cell-derived growth factors on cultured astrocytes. 159 37

We reviewed retrospectively a series of 100 inpatients with onset of epileptic seizure after the age of 60. All of them were investigated by EEG and 96 by CT scan. The most frequent cause of seizure was previous stroke, with 25 cerebral infarcts and 5 hemorrhages. Neoplastic lesions were present in 18 cases, with glioma (high grade), meningioma and metastases in the same proportion. Other etiologies included toxico-metabolic (18 cases), post-traumatic (9 cases), cerebral atrophy (4 cases) and miscellaneous (14 cases). The causes of seizure remained unknown in 7 patients, of whom 6 had focal signs in either clinical examination or EEG. Focal seizures (with or without secondary generalization) accounted for 65% of all cases and generalized seizures for 35%. The EEG was normal in 12 patients and abnormal in 88, with diffuse slowing in 55 patients and focal signs in 70 (some patients had both diffuse slowing and focal signs). Fourteen patients presented status epilepticus. Ten died during hospitalization. We conclude that epileptic seizure with onset after age 60 is nearly always symptomatic, and neuroradiologic investigations are necessary in the search for cerebral lesions. In our study, the prevalence of "idiopathic epilepsy" is lower than previously described.
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PMID:[Initial epileptic crisis after the age of 60: etiology, clinical aspects and EEG]. 234 61

We studied the occurrence of tumors of the brain and cranial meninges in a cohort of 34,000 California Seventh-Day Adventists who completed a detailed life-style questionnaire in 1976 and who were followed for cancer incidence until the end of 1982. During the period of follow-up, 31 tumors were diagnosed in the cohort (21 gliomas, 10 meningiomas). Increased risk for glioma was associated with rural residence, history of a positive tuberculosis skin test and consumption of pork products; increased meningioma risk was associated with a positive reaction to a tuberculosis skin test, previous stroke, use of tranquillizers and a vegetarian life-style in childhood.
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PMID:Risk factors for tumors of the brain and cranial meninges in Seventh-Day Adventists. 281 86

The topography and magnitude of increase in peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites (omega 3 sites) was investigated autoradiographically in the brains of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, with multiple sclerosis, and with malignant glioma. 3H-PK 11195, a selective omega 3 site ligand, was employed. A manyfold increase in omega 3 site density was observed in all these disease states; this increase reflects macrophage invasion or glial proliferation or both as demonstrated by neuropathological studies carried out in parallel. There was an excellent spatial correlation between increased omega 3 site densities and extent of the lesion histologically. Specifically, an elevated density of omega 3 sites was observed in the plaques of demyelination in multiple sclerosis patients, in the periphery of infarcted zones in stroke patients, and throughout tumor in patients with grade IV astrocytomas. As our approach is applicable to both tomographic (in vivo) and autoradiographic investigations, imaging of omega 3 sites may be considered for the detection and monitoring of the natural evolution of many disorders of the human central nervous system.
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PMID:Imaging of human brain lesions with an omega 3 site radioligand. 284 20

A 48-year-old man was admitted with the sudden onset of symptoms of stroke caused by hemorrhage in an oligodendroglioma. Despite surgery and antiedema treatment, the patient died. Histological evaluation revealed an oligodendroglioma with calcified capillaries of the retiform type. To further investigate this phenomenon, a total of 160 gliomas were reviewed: 90 glioblastomas multiforme, 30 oligodendrogliomas, and 40 astrocytomas. Sufficient data were available for clinical evaluation in 100 cases. Of these, 5% (two oligodendrogliomas and three glioblastomas multiforme) were related to clinically significant hemorrhages. Of the remaining cases, microhemorrhages were found in 53.0% of the glioblastomas, in 56.7% of the oligodendrogliomas, and in 10.0% of the astrocytomas. In each case reviewed, the capillaries were assigned to one of three groups: axial, retiform, or glomeruloid. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between hemorrhages and retiform capillaries in all three types of tumors, except that in oligodendrogliomas the statistical significance held true when calcification of the capillaries was also present. Glomeruloid-type capillaries were only weakly associated with hemorrhages, and no association was found for axial capillaries. A large-scale prospective study is necessary to more precisely assess the role of each of the three types of capillaries in hemorrhages of gliomas. Based on data available so far, patients with glial tumors with retiform capillaries, confirmed on biopsy, should be carefully monitored to exclude possible intratumoral hemorrhage.
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PMID:The relationship between the capillary structure and hemorrhage in gliomas. 303 Dec 39

Intracellular and extracellular acidosis may determine the ultimate outcome for brain tissue in cerebral ischemia. An extracellular acidosis that occurs in the penumbra zone was investigated in vitro as to its role in the formation of cytotoxic cell swelling. For that purpose, C6 glioma cells or primary cultured astrocytes were suspended in normal isotonic medium in normoxia during acidification to a final pH of 6.2. The cell volume response was determined by flow cytometry using hydrodynamic focusing, which allows one to recognize changes in cell size of less than 1%. A threshold pH of 6.8 was found that had to be crossed to induce cell swelling by acidosis. Once pH fell below this threshold, the increase in cell size appeared to be an all-or-nothing phenomenon. The cells rapidly assumed a final cell size of 115% of normal in the case of C6 glioma or of 118% in the case of primary cultured astrocytes independent of the actual level of acidosis or the duration of exposure. Acidosis-induced glial swelling could be significantly attenuated by 1) addition of amiloride, 2) administration of acetazolamide, or 3) replacement of bicarbonate buffer against N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). Replacement of extracellular Na+ by choline chloride led to complete prevention of the acidosis-induced cell swelling. Taken together, the findings strongly indicate a central involvement of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange mechanisms in the development of cell swelling under these conditions. Activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter can be considered an attempt to maintain a normal intracellular pH at the expense of an abnormal cell volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stroke 1988 Mar
PMID:Glial swelling during extracellular acidosis in vitro. 335 26

Five cases of brain-stem hematoma are described. The cause of these hematomas was identified as "cryptic angioma" (1 cavernous angioma, 1 telangiectasia, 3 arteriovenous malformations). So, they are so-called "secondary hematoma", as opposed to brain-stem hematoma in relation with hypertension. Such secondary hematomas are reported in the literature: 37 operated on cases and 22 untreated cases were found. The clinical picture does not seem to be typical. The presentation appears to be either with the acute onset of a stroke, or with a subacute onset including relapsing symptoms. A progressive deterioration suggesting a pontine glioma or mimicking demyelination is not rare. The CT scanner appearance is often characteristic showing a high density area in the brain-stem which enhanced after injection of contrast medium with an aspect of "halo". Angiography is usually negative. The natural history of brain-stem hematoma due to rupture of a cryptic angioma is not well documented, but it seems that prognosis is very poor. So, the authors insist on surgical evacuation which is effective and safe allowing the diagnosis of brain-stem hematoma and in some cases the identification of the malformation.
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PMID:[Secondary hematoma of the brain stem. Apropos of 5 cases]. 376 36

Seventeen patients with basal occlusive disease have been seen over the past 4 years. Nine of these had a classical moyamoya appearance on angiography. Of these nine, seven were adults and two were children. Eight had ischemic episodes, and one had a hemorrhage. One had neurofibromatosis with a chiasmal glioma and had received radiotherapy. Eight patients underwent superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, and one refused operation. Six patients improved, one had a stroke on the opposite side, and one died. Eight patients had unilateral basal arterial occlusive disease. Of these, three had ischemic episodes, four had hemorrhages, and one had only headaches. Four were adults, and four were children. Five underwent STA-MCA bypass with improvement, one with headaches had an aneurysm treated, and two were not operated upon. Considerations regarding the cause, therapeutic options, and disease course in these patients are discussed.
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PMID:Basal arterial occlusive disease. 408 Jan 27


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