Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1982 and 1988, 174 brains were systematically collected from consecutive, autopsied AIDS patients in a Parisian general hospital without neurology and psychiatry departments. The data obtained under these conditions provide reliable information on the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in a non-selected population of AIDS patients, most of whom were homosexuals (75.9%). One or several lesions were observed in 148 cases (85%). HIV encephalitis and/or leucoencephalopathy with multinucleated giant cells was found in 33 cases (18.9%). Opportunistic infections were identified in 91 patients (52.3%): toxoplasmosis (65 cases; 37.3%), cytomegalovirus encephalitis (25 cases; 14.3%), cryptococcosis (9 cases; 5.8%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (5 cases; 2.8%), candidosis (1 case) and tuberculosis (1 case). Neoplasias were observed in 23 patients: primary (16 cases; 17.9%) or secondary malignant non Hodgkin's large B-cell lymphoma (3 cas; 1.1%), Kaposi's sarcoma (1 case) and glioma (3 cases; 1.1%). Non-specific lesions (vasculitic, hemorrhagic, metabolic and especially microglial nodules) were common. During the 6 years of study, the rate of CNS involvement was constant. The number of toxoplasmosis cases per year was stable, however, evolutive forms were more prevalent between 1982 and 1986, whereas treated inactive lesions were seen most frequently thereafter. The opportunistic complications were often associated and it should be noted that HIV encephalitis was associated with one of several such infections in 85% of the patients. This high rate of association suggests that these opportunistic infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis.
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PMID:[Neuropathology of the brain in 174 patients who died of AIDS in a Paris hospital 1982-1988]. 131 51

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a subacute demyelinating disease of the central nervous system due to an opportunistic infection by a polyomavirus, most often JC virus, which predominantly infects oligodendrocytes. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy used to be a rare condition, usually complicating lymphoproliferative diseases. Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, its incidence has considerably increased and HIV infection has become, by far, the main risk factor for the disease. In AIDS patients, progressive leukoencephalopathy frequently shows atypical clinical and pathological features. The development of malignant glial tumors, within demyelinating regions, in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, has been reported in exceptional cases. The course of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is invariably fatal. The diagnosis can only be made with certainty by histopathological examination of the brain, on cerebral biopsy or at postmortem. However, neuroradiological features may be extremely suggestive in many cases and PCR seems to be a reliable technique for demonstrating viral genome in the CSF. A few antiviral treatments have been proposed, however their efficacy is difficult to assess due to the low prevalence of the disease and the occurrence of rare cases with spontaneously prolonged survival.
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PMID:[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: virological and neuropathological aspects]. 938 4

Although herpes simplex encephalitis is not classically considered an opportunistic infection, reactivation of herpes simplex is being seen increasingly in patients with cancer or immunosuppression. The authors present a patient with malignant glioma and HSV-1 encephalitis whose PCR-proven encephalitis recurred after temozolomide (TMZ) chemoradiation despite acyclovir therapy, and summarize details of four other cases of HSV-1 encephalitis associated with TMZ. The similarity among these cases raises the likely need for longer treatment courses and/or oral suppressive therapy in patients at risk for herpes simplex infections who are receiving TMZ.
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PMID:Recurrence of herpes simplex encephalitis associated with temozolomide chemoradiation for malignant glioma: a case report and review of the literature. 2598 6

Linked to the difference of prognosis, the terms and conditions of the follow-up of low-grade and high-grade gliomas treated by irradiation differ highly. Patients treated for a low-grade glioma have prolonged survival. In this case, monitoring of toxicities linked to the treatment is a major objective. Opportunistic infections and depression are corticosteroids side effects widely underestimated. Radionecrosis search and differentiation with recurrent disease are done by MRI. Perfusion and spectroscopy showing a choline/creatine ratio increase are in favour of disease recurrence. Cognitive status and quality of life must be evaluated during the follow-up. They have to be evaluated by adapted scales. Cognitive rehabilitation improves interestingly the post-treatment cognitive status. Pseudoprogression rates for high-grade gliomas are near 20%. MRI is the benchmark imaging for its diagnosis. Diffusion weight imaging and spectroscopy are actually the most interesting techniques.
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PMID:[Radiotherapy for gliomas in adults: What are the stakes of the follow-up?]. 2627 86