Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present the case of a 65-year-old woman with a solitary extracerebral glioma. The tumour originated from the falx in the left fronto-parietal region near the paracentral lobule. Because it was well delineated and was completely outside the brain it was thought at operation to be a meningioma or a metastasis. Histologically the tumour could be classified as an oligodendroglioma (WHO grade II). Intracranial extracerebral gliomas so far described are most frequently located in the vicinity of the sylvian fissure. Involvement of the dura has only been observed in three cases. This case is to the best of our knowledge the only one in which the tumour was situated in the longitudinal fissure having originated from the falx. Extracerebral gliomas are thought to arise from heterotropic nests of glial cells in the leptomeninges.
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PMID:Solitary intracranial extracerebral glioma. 304 43

In order to determine the principal histologic features in distinguishing the "anaplastic" from the "well differentiated" oligodendroglioma and mixed glioma (oligo-astrocytoma), correlations between the growth fraction, and histologic grade and 6 histologic variables (vascular proliferation, cytologic pleomorphism, calcification, necrosis, cellularity, mitotic index) were studied in 24 patients. The growth fraction was calculated as the percentage of Ki-67-immunostained nuclei in frozen sections using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. 6 histologic variables were checked with HE stain of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The growth fraction was in general agreement with the histologic grade, in order of decreasing mean percentage, ranging from 11.1% (anaplastic mixed glioma) to 5.3% (anaplastic oligodendroglioma), 2.8% (isomorphic oligo.) and 1.9% (mixed, grade II). There was a significant association between the growth fraction and 3 histologic variables (vascular proliferation, cytologic pleomorphism, mitotic index) out of 6. Thus, even though there exist some gaps between these parameters in paraffin-embedded tissues and those in frozen sections, the percentage of Ki-67-immunostained nuclei is likely to be very valuable as a supplement information of histological grading and a prognostic indicator.
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PMID:[Cell kinetics of oligodendroglioma and oligo-astrocytoma--Ki-67 PaP study]. 305 41

Eflornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and mitoguazone (MGBG), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, were evaluated in a phase I-II study for patients with primary recurrent malignant brain tumors. All patients had failed prior radiation therapy and most had also failed prior chemotherapy. Two dose schedules were used, with the second schedule (Group II) a modification of the first schedule (Group I). The Group II schedule, with different dose levels, was better tolerated than the Group I schedule. Gastrointestinal and myelotoxicity were dose-limiting in most patients, and tinnitus was dose-limiting in two patients. Nineteen of 33 evaluable patients had anaplastic gliomas, in whom response was observed in 21%, stable disease in 53%, and immediate progression after one course of therapy in 26%. Of six patients with glioblastoma multiforme, two had brief stabilization of disease. An additional patient with brainstem glioma and ependymoma also had disease stabilization. Four patients with medulloblastoma, a spinal cord mixed glioma, and one with oligodendroglioma failed DFMO-MGBG. Based on this study, we believe that a combination of DFMO and MGBG is well-tolerated and deserves further evaluation for patients with anaplastic gliomas, particularly those that appear to be biologically slow growing.
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PMID:Phase I-II study of eflornithine and mitoguazone combined in the treatment of recurrent primary brain tumors. 310 81

Type beta transforming growth factor (beta-TGF) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. The human glioblastoma cell line, T-MGI, was growth inhibited by beta-TGF under anchorage independent conditions. The antiproliferative effect of beta-TGF was potentiated to nearly total arrest by low doses of retinoic acid (RA) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-2, and gamma interferon did not have this potentiating effect. The potentiation of the beta-TGF effect by RA and TNF could not be explained by modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, the beta-TGF receptor, or the TNF receptor. beta-TGF alone and in combination with RA or TNF were further tested on primary cultures from freshly resected human glioma biopsies (n = 13). There was great individual variation in sensitivity to beta-TGF, RA, or TNF. The astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma cells were inhibited to various degrees by beta-TGF or TNF, while most of the glioblastomas were not sensitive to these agents. Most of the biopsies were stimulated by RA. RA or TNF did not potentiate the growth inhibitory effect of beta-TGF on biopsy cells. We therefore think it unlikely that beta-TGF in combination with RA or TNF will be effective agents in the treatment of gliomas.
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PMID:Effects of type beta transforming growth factor in combination with retinoic acid or tumor necrosis factor on proliferation of a human glioblastoma cell line and clonogenic cells from freshly resected human brain tumors. 316 58

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare occurrence. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported, many being metastases from carcinomas to benign intracranial neoplasms, most often meningiomas. A case is presented of carcinoma metastatic to a glioma. The patient, who presented for evaluation of bifrontal headache, was found on computerized tomography to have a partially calcified right frontal mass. Craniotomy revealed an oligodendroglioma containing foci of adenocarcinoma. Further work-up disclosed an infiltrative ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. It has been suggested that tumors of the central nervous system may provide a fertile substrate or an immunological "haven" for metastases.
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PMID:Metastases of central nervous system neoplasms. Case report. 328 41

A patient with a malignant cerebral mixed oligodendroglioma-astrocytoma presented with a severe, painful S-1 radiculopathy. Neuroradiological examinations revealed an extradural soft-tissue mass compressing the first sacral nerve root. Spinal fluid examination and myelography gave no evidence of intradural disease. Surgery confirmed the presence of metastatic glioma compressing the S-1 nerve root. The tumor was entirely epidural in location. Mechanisms of dissemination are discussed.
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PMID:Metastatic malignant glioma with resultant extradural compression of a sacral nerve root. 355 63

The authors report a rare case of tuberous sclerosis associated with pineal region mixed glioma. A 38-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis, who had a past history of left nephrectomy and tumorectomy of the right kidney for bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, was admitted because of headache and ataxic gait. CT scan and cerebral angiography suggested a pineal region tumor. Suboccipital craniectomy and partial removal of the tumor was performed via infratentorial supracerebellar approach. Microscopic examination revealed mixed oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma. It is well known that tuberous sclerosis is occasionally associated with brain tumors. However, with few exceptions, these have been subependymal giant cell astrocytomas in the lateral ventricles. They seem to originate from subependymal nodules of hamartomatous nature. As far as we are aware, association of pineal region tumor with tuberous sclerosis as in this case has not been reported.
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PMID:[A case of tuberous sclerosis associated with a pineal region tumor]. 356 82

The distribution of type VI collagen was examined immunohistochemically in normal tissues and in 24 human gliomas and six medulloblastomas. Its localization in the neoplasms was compared with that of fibronectin and glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix (GMEM) glycoprotein. In normal non-neural tissues type VI collagen was demonstrated in the interstitial connective tissue and in some basement membranes. In normal brain it was localized to the vasculature, leptomeninges, and pial-glial membrane. In neoplasms type VI collagen and fibronectin codistributed in the vasculature and stromal connective tissue. The GMEM glycoprotein, as identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 81C6, and a related glioma-mesenchymal matrix antigen identified by MAb 2A6, were expressed not only in the tumor vasculature and connective tissue, but also within the tumor parenchyma in association with glioma cells. The staining intensity was variable in 20 malignant gliomas and weak to absent in two pilocytic astrocytomas and six medulloblastomas. An oligodendroglioma and ependymoma both expressed the 2A6 epitope, but staining with MAb 81C6 was weak to absent. The antigens identified by MAb 81C6 and MAb 2A6 represent the only recognized extracellular matrix components, other than proteoglycans, that are associated with glioma cells in vivo. As prominent constituents of the pericellular matrix, they may be involved in recognized matrix functions such as the modulation of cell adhesion and migration.
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PMID:Distribution of type VI collagen in human gliomas: comparison with fibronectin and glioma-mesenchymal matrix glycoprotein. 365 35

A 40-year-old female with a recurrent mixed astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma was treated with intra-arterial BCNU at six week intervals. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed before, and on two occasions after her third treatment. Before treatment, phosphodiesters were 25% less than normal and intracellular pH was 7.14 (normal 6.97 +/- 0.02). Eight hours following treatment phosphocreatine and phosphodiesters were reduced by approximately 40% and pHi increased to 7.24. Thirty-two hours after treatment, phosphocreatine and phosphodiesters had reversed their decline, but pHi had increased further to 7.35. MRI and x-ray CT scans did not show any change during this period. This study demonstrates that chemical changes can be observed in a glioma by magnetic resonance spectroscopy shortly after chemotherapy in a clinical setting and before changes are observable by imaging modalities. This approach evidently offers a possible means of monitoring the acute metabolic response of tumours to chemotherapy or other forms of treatment by a non-invasive repeatable quantitative method.
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PMID:Metabolic changes in cerebral gliomas within hours of treatment with intra-arterial BCNU demonstrated by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 369 Apr 27

A unique combination of occurrence of the 3rd ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic cystic mixed astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma is encountered in a 15-year-old man who presented clinically with stunted growth of the body, diabetes insipidus, and stupor. The germinoma was diagnosed by biopsy but the hypothalamic glioma was discovered at autopsy. Immunohistochemical localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the neoplastic cells confirmed the gliomatous nature of the hypothalamic lesion. The probability of multiple tumors should be kept in mind in dealing with intracranial neoplasms in order that the patient will be properly diagnosed and managed.
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PMID:Combined occurrence of third ventricular germinoma and hypothalamic mixed glioma. 371 93


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