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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old boy with monocular vertical nystagmus, initially believed to have spasmus nutans, subsequently developed optic atrophy and visual loss. Neuroradiologic investigation indicated probable chiasmal glioma. The case of this patient re-emphasizes the necessity of careful clinical and radiologic assessment before assuming acquired monocular nystagmus to be a benign and self-limited disorder.
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PMID:Monocular vertical nystagmus as an initial sign of chiasmal glioma. 43 58

Eye movements were studied with electro-oculography in a patient with primary position, large amplitude, upbeat nystagmus. The upbeat nystagmus increased in amplitude on upward gaze, decreased on downward gaze, and was not altered by loss of fixation. The patient could not produce smooth pursuit movements upward or to the left, but had normal saccadic and vestibular induced eye movements in all directions. At necropsy, a low grade glioma was found involving primarily the medulla and caudal pons. The inferior olives and prepositus hypoglossal nuclei were diffusely infiltrated with tumor. These results suggest (1) primary position upbeat nystagmus is due to a defect in the upward smooth pursuit system, (2) the lower brain stem at the level of the inferior olives and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is important in the mediation of vertical pursuit, and (3) primary position upbeat nystagmus can result from damage to several nuclei and interconnecting pathways in the caudal brain stem and midline cerebellum involved in control of vertical smooth pursuit.
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PMID:Primary position upbeat nystagmus. A clinicopathologic study. 55 68

A 13 1/2-year-old girl with stable, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus and Small, pale optic discs initially noted at age nine months, developed signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. At craniotomy, an intrinsic glioma of the optic chiasm and both optic nerves extended into both frontal lobes, the hypothalamus and the third ventricle.
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PMID:Enlarging optic chiasmal glioma with stable visual acuity. 70 3

A 1-year 11-month-old girl was admitted for losing her weight and gait disturbance. At 4 months of age, she began to become emaciated inspite of normal food intake. Physical and neurological examinations were normal except for a marked lack of subcutaneous fat, irritability and nystagmus. CT scans demonstrated a large tumor occupied in the third ventricle and marked dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Endocrinological studies revealed high levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) in contrast with normal levels of somatomedin-C. The basal value of GH returned to normal with a subnormal response to insulin subsequently after VP-shunt. Then, a pilocytic astrocytoma was partially resected with transcallosal approach. Postoperative course was uneventful and her growth rate returned to normal range. CT scans after radiation therapy of 49 Gy showed marked decrease in size of the tumor. At 3 years and 6 months of age, enlargement of her breast was pointed out although MRI indicated no enlargement of the tumor. Basal value of LH, FSH, E 1 and E 2 elevated and LHRH test showed over-response of LH and FSH. Other hypothalamic-pituitary functions were partially preserved. Case of precocious puberty following diencephalic syndrome associated to the hypothalamic and/or optochiasmatic glioma is quite rare in the previous literature. Mechanisms of diencephalic syndrome and following puberty are unclear. However, endocrinological and radiological findings observed in the present case suggest that hormonal disfunction might be due to the failure of inhibition on GH and LHRH secretion mechanism in the anterior hypothalamus.
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PMID:[Hypothalamic glioma with diencephalic syndrome and following precocious puberty--a case report]. 251 56

Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a primary position nystagmus with the fast phase in a downward direction. It is a rare but distinctive disorder of ocular motility and usually localizes the lesion at the posterior fossa. Four patients with DBN were seen in the department. One had a medullary glioma, and another congenital basilar invagination. The other two were initially diagnosed as demyelinating disease. One was subsequently found to have Arnold Chiari Malformation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Review of the literature showed that cerebellar ectopia (Arnold Chiari Malformation) is the commonest cause of DBN. However 1/3 of reported cases have no obvious cause. DBN is of such high localizing value that we recommend MRI of cervicomedullary junction for all patients with DBN to exclude cerebellar ectopia or medullary lesion.
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PMID:The localizing value of downbeat nystagmus. 258 20

An 8-year-old girl was first seen at the age of 4 with nystagmus and hypoplastic discs. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated poor visual acuity and optic atrophy. A CT scan showed a chiasmal or perichiasmal mass. The presumptive diagnosis of an optic chiasmal glioma is being considered. The use of neuroimaging in chiasmal or perichiasmal lesions and the natural history and treatment of optic nerve and chiasmal gliomas are discussed.
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PMID:To image or not to image. 340 92

Three children with diencephalic tumours are described. In these cases, the main clinical features are extreme emaciation and nystagmus. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated the tumour. In one case, high levels of growth hormone were observed. In the three cases, the tumour was a glioma.
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PMID:[Diencephalic cachexia (A. Russel's syndrome). Apropos of 3 cases. Importance of transfontanelle ultrasonography]. 666 47

This study is a multicenter, retrospective report of 10 infants in whom acquired nystagmus was the initial sign of chiasmal/ parachiasmal glioma. Nine patients presented before the age of 10 months. The nystagmus, primarily described as pendular and asymmetric, was difficult to differentiate from and therefore most often diagnosed as spasmus nutans . On average in the ten patients, the intracranial glioma was not recognized for 8.6 months after the onset of nystagmus. In the five diagnosed as spasmus nutans , the mean delay in recognizing the tumor was 14.5 months. Three associated clinical findings were present or developed in these patients to distinguish this entity from spasmus nutans : optic atrophy in all ten patients, poor feeding due to diencephalic syndrome in 5 of 10, and increased intracranial pressure with hydrocephalus in 3 of 10. The acquired nystagmus in these infants was evidence of a life-threatening chiasmal/ parachiasmal glioma.
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PMID:Acquired nystagmus in early childhood: a presenting sign of intracranial tumor. 673 45

In an attempt to define better the mechanism of impaired optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) caused by parietal lobe lesions, we recorded the eye movements of two patients. One had a slowly enlarging parietal glioma, and the other, an infarction involving the parietal and occipital lobes. In both patients, ipsilateral foveal pursuit and full-field pursuit of a surrounding optokinetic drum were impaired while voluntary and involuntary saccades (fast components) were normal. Foveal pursuit was impaired more than full-field pursuit, suggesting the existence of two separate pathways by which visual signals for OKN slow phases reach the oculomotor centers in the brainstem. We conclude that the ipsilateral slow phase OKN deficit seen in our patients resulted from damage to the foveal pursuit pathway that runs from the occipitoparietal association area to the ipsilateral brainstem horizontal gaze center.
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PMID:Optokinetic nystagmus and parietal lobe lesions. 742 59

In this paper we present a case of glioma which was located in the cerebellopontine angle. The patient, a 3-year-old male, experienced difficulty with gait for one month before admission. He was admitted to Toyota Memorial Hospital on February 2, 1991, suffering from severe headache and vomiting. Neurological examination upon admission revealed horizontal nystagmus and ataxia. MRI revealed a mass in the cerebellopontine angle. Craniotomy was performed on February 4, 1991, and a tumor was revealed in the cerebellopontine angle. The tumor was clearly demarcated and encapsulated; the cerebellum and brainstem were compressed without damage. Most of the tumor was removed. A histopathological summary of the tumor follows. The tumor appeared as exophytic lesions on the pons, extending into the cerebellopontine angle. Tumor cells contained small round nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm. The oncocyte, which was growing endomorphically, revealed a short-cell projection, suggesting a tendency to penetrate blood vessels. Intercellular microcystic degeneration was observed clearly, with some parts of the oncocyte forming a myxoid matrix. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumor cells reacted positively to Vimentin, but negatively to S-100 protein and GFAP. Given the pathological information, the tumor was interpreted as anaplastic astrocytoma. Postoperative radiation therapy was performed, but the patient died four months later because the tumor had spread to the brainstem. In this paper we discuss the differential diagnosis of the cerebellopontine angle tumor and the appearance of anaplastic astrocytoma as exophytic lesions on the pons and the spread of the tumor into the cerebellopontine angle.
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PMID:Anaplastic astrocytoma in the cerebellopontine angle. 822 Jul 82


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