Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have examined the distribution of antigens detected by MB1, MB2 and MB3 on non-hematopoietic normal human tissues and various types of benign and malignant tumors. MB1 and MB2 reacted with various organs, such as the epithelium of various glands, smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, and peripheral nerve tissue. The distributions of these two antibodies were essentially identical. Reactivity with MB3 was confined to the ductal epithelium of salivary glands, the pancreas, and sweat glands, and the cortex of the adrenal gland. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that MB1 and MB2 reacted with a few bands of an extract of myometrial cytoskeletal fraction and salivary gland cytosol fraction, whereas MB3 failed to show any bands on these materials. The reactivities of MB1 and MB2 with various neoplasms were similar to those in normal organs, with slight variations of staining pattern and preponderance in well differentiated tumors. Exceptionally, carcinoid tumor and small round cell tumors, such as small cell carcinoma or neuroblastoma, were not reactive with MB1 and MB2. MB3 reacted with several cases of well differentiated benign and malignant epithelial tumors in various organs, and exceptional cases of malignant schwannoma and glioma. These results indicate that the antigens detected by MB1 and MB2 are distributed broadly on non-hematopoietic normal organs, whereas those detected by MB3 are confined to exceptional cases of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors. Thus, although the use of MB1, MB2 and MB3 is of little value for differential diagnosis of various tumors, these three antibodies may be useful for determining of the origin of some tumor types.
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PMID:Distribution of antigens detected with MB1, MB2 and MB3 on non-hematopoietic human organs and various tumors. 163 36

The MR examinations in 25 patients with intramedullary tumors were analyzed. Seven patients were diagnosed with astrocytoma, 6 ependymoma, 2 unspecified glioma, 3 medulloblastoma, 2 metastasis, one neurinoma, and one teratoma. In 3 patients the diagnosis was uncertain. The tumors frequently involved a large portion of the cord and were often accompanied by intratumor necrosis, cystic degeneration, and edema, which was well demonstrated on MR. Gd-DTPA was used in 6 patients and was helpful in separating solid tumor components from cysts and edema. It was difficult to separate different kind of tumors based on morphologic and signal characteristics on MR. Some prominent features could, however, be distinguished. Complete cystic degeneration was more common in astrocytomas than in other tumors, and ependymomas frequently had a heterogeneous signal pattern on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The single teratoma had a characteristic content of fat and calcification, and the melanoma had a signal pattern consistent with blood. CSF pathway spread in cases of medulloblastoma was demonstrated by ill-defined contour of the cord and CSF or tumor nodules on the surface of cord and nerve roots.
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PMID:MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. 166 Feb 97

Ethylnitrosourea-induced central and peripheral nerve tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), S-100 protein, NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase) and Anti-Leu 7 (HNK-1) immunoreactivity utilizing the ABC method (avidin-biotin-complex) for GFAP, S-100 protein and NSE, and the PAP method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) for Anti-Leu 7. Peripheral nerve neurinomas were consistently positive for S-100 protein and consistently negative for GFAP and Anti-Leu 7. Neurinomas would occasionally exhibit positive staining for NSE (2 of 55 tumors). The staining intensity for S-100 protein varied from strongly positive in differentiated neurinomas to weakly positive in anaplastic tumors. Neoplastic and reactive astrocytes exhibited positive staining for both S-100 protein and GFAP. Variation in the GFAP staining intensity of glial tumors correlated with the degree of differentiation as anaplastic tumors did not stain with the same intensity as their more differentiated counterparts. Oligodendrogliomas exhibited occasional immunoreactivity to S-100 protein (3 of 36 tumors). NSE reactivity in oligodendrogliomas was rarely observed (1 tumor in 36) and immunoreactivity against GFAP or Anti-Leu 7 was consistently absent. Anti-Leu 7 and NSE proved to be of little value in the classification of ENU-induced neural tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of rat central and peripheral nerve tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea. 169 97

A novel tool in diagnostic and experimental pathology, the AgNOR-technique, which consists of visualization of ribosomal gene activity by selective silver staining, was applied to 144 cytological specimens of human tumours of the nervous system. The number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) was correlated with the biological behaviour of the tumours investigated; low AgNOR number were observed in benign neoplasms such as meningiomas and schwannomas and higher AgNOR numbers in glioblastomas and metastases. The mean AgNOR number per cell was 3.15 in astrocytomas, 4.5 in anaplastic astrocytomas and 5.86 in glioblastoma multiforme. Benign and malignant lesions showed different distribution patterns of AgNORs, with few but centrally located AgNORs in benign, and multiple but scattered AgNORs in malignant tumours. AgNOR number per cell and AgNOR area revealed an inverse relationship (correlation coefficient -0.15, linear regression). In addition to the human tumours, two N-nitroso-N-ethyl-urea (NEU) induced tumors in BD-IX rats a mixed glioma (G-XIII) and a malignant schwannoma (N-XII), were investigated. Twelve G-XIII gliomas revealed homogenous AgNOR-counts (standard error of the mean less than 10%), with absolute values between the values obtained for human glioblastomas and metastases. Seven N-XIII subcutaneously transplanted schwannomas revealed higher AgNOR values than human schwannomas, but lower than experimental gliomas. It is concluded that the AgNOR method, as a technique for visualization of ribosomal gene activity, is valuable for assessing proliferative activity and malignancy in both diagnostic and experimental neuropathology.
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PMID:Cell proliferation in intracranial tumours: selective silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Application to surgical and experimental neuro-oncology. 171 8

The immunohistochemical distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein (S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100 alpha (+) and/or S-100 beta (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100 alpha (+) and S-100 beta (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (-)]; medulloblastoma malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100 beta immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100 beta than for S-100 alpha with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100 beta immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100 alpha varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100 alpha and S-100 beta might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors. 188 40

The incidence of brain tumors was studied in Yamaguchi prefecture of about 1,600,000 population. All of the brain tumor patients admitted to the neurosurgical hospitals in Yamaguchi prefecture were registered. Cases of osteoma, lipoma, scalp tumor and spinal tumor were excluded. From 1986 through 1989, 726 cases were registered. 135 recurrent cases were included. Therefore first-diagnosed primary brain tumors were selected to calculate the true incidence. The number of cases of primary brain tumor was 478 and showed female preponderance (male/female: 207/271). The incidence of primary brain tumor was 7.5/100,000/year (male/female: 6.8/8. 1). No difference was present between the incidence in cities and that in rural districts. Percentages of representative tumors were 28.2% for glioma, 32.8% for meningioma, 13.0% for pituitary adenoma and 10.7% for neurinoma. Age-adjusted incidence was 2.1/100,000/year for glioma and 2.1/100,000/year for meningioma. The incidence of glioma was lower and that of meningioma was higher in Yamaguchi prefecture than those in other reports. Compared with the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (1969-1983), the percentage of meningioma cases was large in Yamaguchi prefecture. This difference owed partly to the increased number of population over age of 40's in Yamaguchi prefecture. The peak of age distribution was present in age of 50's in Yamaguchi prefecture and in age of 30's and 40's in Brain Tumor Registry of Japan. The peak of age distribution shifted to older ages in Yamaguchi and the difference was conspicuous in age of 60's. This peak consisted of mainly cases of meningioma and partly those of glioma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Brain tumors in Yamaguchi Prefecture--incidence through 4 years]. 188 75

Two kinds of novel neural trophic factors were currently detected in von Recklinghausen neurofibroma (NF1) extracts. One of the two was a growth factor, neuroblastoma growth factor (Mr less than 5 kDa), which promotes the proliferation of human neuroblastoma cell and survival and neurite-extension of rat cortical neurons, but differently from nerve growth factor (NGF) or NGF-like factors. The other one was a glial growth inhibitor (Mr = 100 kDa), which suppresses the growth of glioma cell lines, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma and Schwannoma. These factors do not appear to be previously identified cytokines or growth factors such as interleukins, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, NGF and fibroblast growth factor. There was also detectable ciliary neurotrophic factor-like activity in the extracts. The primary cause of high contents of these factors in NF1 is not known, but may relate to fundamental mechanisms controlling growth and differentiation of neurons and glias during development of nervous system.
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PMID:von Recklinghausen neurofibroma produces neuronal and glial growth-modulating factors. 193 68

Multiplanar capability and superior tissue contrast differentiation render magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the preferred method for examining patients with pituitary axis dysfunction or visual field deficits. In a review of 131 sellar or juxtasellar abnormalities, 76% were common lesions with distinctive features that helped establish their diagnosis: macroadenoma (n = 51), microadenoma (n = 20), meningioma (n = 14), craniopharyngioma (n = 10), and aneurysm (n = 5). On T1-weighted images, microadenomas were usually hypointense relative to normal pituitary gland, and macroadenomas and meningiomas were isointense relative to gray matter. Both microadenomas and meningiomas were more conspicuous immediately after contrast material administration. Craniopharyngiomas were the most heterogeneous of all the sellar lesions due to their cystic and solid components. MR images of aneurysms showed flow void and heterogeneous increased signal intensity in areas of slower turbulent flow. Other characteristics such as extrasellar versus intrasellar location, nature of contrast material enhancement, the presence of cystic components, and clinical findings permitted differentiation among less common lesions, including granulomatous disease, metastases, chiasmatic glioma, arachnoid cyst, hypothalamic glioma, schwannoma, germinoma, epidermoid, Rathke cyst, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, colloid cyst, and hamartoma.
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PMID:MR imaging of the sellar and juxtasellar regions. 194 11

Polypeptides, characterized by their ability to confer a transformed phenotype on an untransformed indicator cell have been isolated directly from surgical specimens of intracranial meningioma by using an acid/ethanol extraction procedure. Transforming activity in meningeal cells was based on the ability to induce NRK 49F rat kidney fibroblasts to form colonies in soft agar. This polypeptide was separated by gel filtration into two fragments of 15 and 40 kilodalton (kDa) molecular weight. Among other cases of brain neoplasms, one case of glioblastoma multiforme had moderate TGF-beta activity, but medulloblastoma and neurinoma had no activity. Purified TGF-beta also stimulated DNA synthesis in primary cultured meningioma cells, but no effect was seen in U 251MG human glioma cells. While the physiological function of TGF-beta is still ill-defined and the molecular character of its receptor has not been analyzed, intracranial meningiomas are noted to have TGF-beta-like activity. TGF-beta also induces the DNA synthesis of cultured meningioma cells. From these results, TGF-beta would be considered one of the growth promoting factors in meningioma.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta like activity of intracranial meningioma and its effect on cell growth. 202 25

In this study, we have investigated the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the human brain, primary brain tumours and neuroblastoma. Adult brain was found to express discrete isoforms of 180, 170, 140 and 120 kDa, which on neuraminidase treatment resolved into bands of 180, 170, 140, 120 and 95 kDa. Primary brain tumours such as Schwannoma and medulloblastoma expressed embryonic NCAM characterised by a high level of glycosylation, whereas other tumours, e.g. astrocytoma, meningioma, glioma and oligodendroglioma expressed adult NCAM. Post-neuraminidase treatment, differential expression of the 180, 170, 140, 120 and 95 kDa isoforms were noted in these various tumour types. On the other hand, neuroblastoma cell lines were found to express only embryonic NCAM, which after neuraminidase treatment resulted in differential presence of only 180, 140 and 120 kDa proteins.
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PMID:Expression of the cluster 1 antigen (neural cell adhesion molecule) in neuroectodermal tumours. 203 10


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