Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A large number of AIDS patients show evidence of neurologic involvement, known as AIDS-related subacute encephalopathy, which has been correlated with the presence of HIV in the brain. In this study, two genetically distinct but related viruses were isolated from one patient from two different sources in the central nervous system: brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Both viruses were found to replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes, but only virus from brain tissue will efficiently infect macrophage/monocytes. The viruses also differ in their ability to infect a brain glioma explant culture. This infection of the brain-derived cells in vitro is generally nonproductive, and appears to be some form of persistent or latent infection. These results indicate that genetic variation of HIV in vivo may result in altered cell tropisms and possibly implicate strains of HIV with glial cell tropism in the pathogenesis of some neurologic disorders of AIDS.
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PMID:Dual infection of the central nervous system by AIDS viruses with distinct cellular tropisms. 364 51

A 37 year-old patient with tuberous sclerosis and renal failure had renal transplantation performed, after 21 months of hemodialysis treatment and cerebral glioma removal, with good results 7 years later. In order to assess renal transplantation as a treatment for end-stage renal failure of tuberous sclerosis, we have reviewed the literature. 14 observations could be analysed: the patients were young with a mean age of 29.2 years, women in majority, with minor neurologic involvement. Because of the risks of neoplastic transformation and angiomyolipoma bleeding, bilateral nephrectomy is cautious, before or during the renal transplantation. Otherwise a close monitoring of the native kidneys by CT-scan is necessary. So the patients with tuberous sclerosis are good candidates for renal transplantation, with the same results as other patients of the same age, with no aggravation of the neurologic disorders, even when a cerebral tumor has been removed, as in our case.
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PMID:[Renal transplantation in Bourneville tuberous sclerosis]. 781 64

Calcification occurs in many benign and malignant neurologic disorders. We describe two patients with cerebral glioma, in whom the disappearance of cerebral calcification was evidence of local malignant change. We discuss the underlying chemical mechanisms that result in tissue calcification, and postulate that calcification may disappear in the presence of a malignant tumor because of a decrease in the pH of the microenvironment.
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PMID:Disappearance of cerebral calcification as a sign of tumor growth. 842 72

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with a chronic neurological disease termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraperesis (HAM/TSP). Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains to be elucidated, the evidence suggests that immunopathological mechanisms are involved. Since HTLV-1 tax mRNA was colocalized with glial acidic fibrillary protein, a marker for astrocytes, we developed an in vitro model to assess whether HTLV-1 infection activates astrocytes to secrete cytokines or present viral immunodominant epitopes to virus-specific T cells. Two human astrocytic glioma cell lines, U251 and U373, were transfected with the 3' portion of the HTLV-1 genome and with the HTLV-1 tax gene under astrocyte-specific promoter control. In this study, we report that Tax-expressing astrocytic glioma transfectants activate the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA in vitro. Furthermore, these Tax-expressing glioma transfectants can serve as immunological targets for HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We propose that these events could contribute to the neuropathology of HAM/TSP, since infected astrocytes can become a source for inflammatory cytokines upon HTLV-1 infection and serve as targets for HTLV-1-specific CTL, resulting in parenchymal damage by direct lysis and/or cytokine release.
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PMID:Astrocyte-specific expression of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax: induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and susceptibility to lysis by CD8+ HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T cells. 937 71

A case-control study of risk factors for glioma in adults was carried out in Heilongjiang province in northeast China. Between September 1989 and May 1995, 218 histologically confirmed cases of glioma requiring surgery for tumor removal (139 astrocytoma glioma and 79 other glioma) and 436 controls with non-neoplastic and non-neurological disease were recruited and personally interviewed in the wards of six major hospitals. Controls were matched by sex, age, and area of residence. Occupational, lifestyle, and medical information was obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Use of liquor was associated with cancer risk. Compared with males who never drank liquor, males with total lifetime liquor consumption of less than 1000 liters had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.60 (95% CI: 0.89-2.88) and for more than 1000 liters, 2.73 (95% CI: 1.06-7.08). Statistically significant associations were also found for diseases related to the brain (OR: 5.75; 95% CI: 1.08-30.47) and trauma to the head requiring medical attention (OR: 4.09; 95% CI: 2.51-10.31). Increased consumption of vegetables and of fruit were each associated with decreased glioma risk. Compared with lowest quartile intake, adjusted risks associated with highest quartile intake were 0.51 (95% CI: 0.29-0.89) for total vegetables and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.16-0.51) for total fruit.
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PMID:Risk factors for glioma in adults: a case-control study in northeast China. 954 30

There is a need for valid objective tests of neurological improvement or deterioration to more accurately define response or progression in phase II studies of malignant glioma. The Edinburgh Functional Impairment Tests (EFIT) incorporate objective measures of upper and lower limb function, memory and a rating scale for dysphasia. We examined the intra-observer repeatability of the (EFIT) 24 hours apart in 55 patients with brain tumors and stable neurological disease and the inter-rater repeatability in 33 patients in the perioperative period (54 dual assessments). Intra-observer studies of the four subtests, failed to demonstrate any learning effect and showed close agreement. Inter-rater studies were affected by a treatment effect (steroids) and identified slight inter-rater bias for the ten meter walk. Altman-Bland plots showed that the level of agreement was less good in patients with more severe impairment. Correction for the severity of handicap was possible using a simple formulae: (timed tests: [rater 1 - rater 2]/[rater 1 + rater 2], Williams Delayed Recall Test [WDRT] (rater 1 - 2/81). Using this correction, all intra- and inter-rater variance of patients tested within 12 hours were < 0.2. A change of > or = 0.2 for the timed tests and WDRT, and a change in dysphasia score of > or = 2, represent a significant change in impairment using the EFIT. The EFIT should be a useful addition in phase II studies where objectively recording response or time to progression is important.
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PMID:Significant change in tests of neurological impairment in patients with brain tumours. 976 73

A hospital case-control study of meningioma was conducted in Heilongjiang Province in northeast China between September 1989 and December 1996. It included 183 cases of newly diagnosed primary meningioma and 366 individually matched hospital controls with non-neoplastic and non-neurological disease selected from six major hospitals. Cases and controls were matched by sex, age and area of residence and interviewed in the hospital wards to obtain information on medical history, occupation and lifestyle. No association with liquor or beer consumption was apparent. Cigarette smoking was positively associated with meningioma risk in women but not in men. In women, compared with non-smokers, the adjusted OR for pack-years of smoking above the median (124) was 6.2 (CI 2.04-18.87). Both of these observations contrast with the results of a study of glioma in the same population, using similar methods. The risk of meningioma was positively associated with reported occupational exposure to lead, tin, cadmium and ionising radiation in both genders.
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PMID:Risk factors for meningioma in adults: a case-control study in northeast China. 1049 19

Changes of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations may occur in both brain tumours and lumbar disc diseases (LDD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of pre- and post-operative serum Ig levels in brain tumours and LDDs. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels were measured in 127 patients with brain tumour, 100 patients with LDD and 20 healthy subjects without neurological disease. Increases in one or more of the pre-operative serum Ig levels were observed in the patients with both brain tumours and LDDs compared with controls. However pre-operative serum IgG level was highly increased in all brain tumour types and LDDs (p<0.001). Serum IgA levels and IgM levels in the post-operative stage were significantly decreased in patients with acoustic neurinoma (p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively). Post-operative serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in patients with meningioma. Post-operative serum IgG and IgM levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in patients with glioma. Patients with LDD showed a significantly decline in post-operative serum IgA and IgM levels (p<0.001). We think that decline in post-operative serum Ig levels may be of prognostic value in the patients with brain tumours and LDDs.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulins in brain tumours and lumbar disc diseases. 1067 70

Therapeutic options for the treatment of malignant brain tumors have been limited, in part, because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier. For this reason, the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Consortium, the focus of which was the "Importance of Dose Intensity in Neuro-Oncology Clinical Trials," was convened in April 2000, at Government Camp, Mount Hood, Oregon. This meeting, which was supported by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, brought together clinicians and basic scientists from across the U.S. to discuss the role of dose intensity and enhanced chemotherapy delivery in the treatment of malignant brain tumors and to design multicenter clinical trials. Optimizing chemotherapy delivery to the CNS is crucial, particularly in view of recent progress identifying certain brain tumors as chemosensitive. The discovery that specific constellations of genetic alterations can predict which tumors are chemoresponsive, and can therefore more accurately predict prognosis, has important implications for delivery of intensive, effective chemotherapy regimens with acceptable toxicities. This report summarizes the discussions, future directions, and key questions regarding dose-intensive treatment of primary CNS lymphoma, CNS relapse of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, high-grade glioma, and metastatic cancer of the brain. The promising role of cytoenhancers and chemoprotectants as part of dose-intensive regimens for chemosensitive brain tumors and development of improved gene therapies for malignant gliomas are discussed.
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PMID:Importance of dose intensity in neuro-oncology clinical trials: summary report of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Consortium. 1130 17

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic DNA virus with many favorable properties as a gene delivery vector. HSV is highly infectious, so HSV vectors are efficient vehicles for the delivery of exogenous genetic material to cells. Viral replication is readily disrupted by null mutations in immediate early genes that in vitro can be complemented in trans, enabling straightforward production of high-titre pure preparations of non-pathogenic vector. The genome is large (152 Kb) and many of the viral genes are dispensable for replication in vitro, allowing their replacement with large or multiple transgenes. Latent infection with wild-type virus results in episomal viral persistence in sensory neuronal nuclei for the duration of the host lifetime. Transduction with replication-defective vectors causes a latent-like infection in both neural and non-neural tissue; the vectors are non-pathogenic, unable to reactivate and persist long-term. The latency active promoter complex can be exploited in vector design to achieve long-term stable transgene expression in the nervous system. HSV vectors transduce a broad range of tissues because of the wide expression pattern of the cellular receptors recognized by the virus. Increasing understanding of the processes involved in cellular entry has allowed preliminary steps to be taken towards targeting the tropism of HSV vectors. Using replication-defective HSV vectors, highly encouraging results have emerged from recent pre-clinical studies on models of neurological disease, including glioma, peripheral neuropathy, chronic pain and neurodegeneration. Consequently, HSV vectors encoding appropriate transgenes to tackle these pathogenic processes are poised to enter clinical trials.
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PMID:Gene delivery using herpes simplex virus vectors. 1257 50


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