Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The brains of 50 adults with supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme were studied post mortem. The cytologic compositions of the neoplasms were examined in each of three sites: (1) in and around the original tumor bed; (2) zones of infiltration of contiguous structures; and (3) implants in the subarachnoid and/or ventricular spaces. For this purpose, six different cell types were defined: small anaplastic cells (SAC), small fibrillated cells (SFC), fibrillated astrocytes (FA), pleomorphic astrocytes (PA), gemistocytic astrocytes (GA), and large bizarre cells (LBC). In 16 cases with marked mass effect in the original tumor bed entirely due to the neoplasm, the cytologic composition of the neoplasm was predominantly SAC (14 cases) and SFC (2 cases). The prevalence of these two cellular types was evident in the infiltrated regions in 36 of 42 cases, and in the metastatic foci of 11 of 13 cases. In 10 of 11 cases in which there was mild or no mass effect, only limited infiltration in the ipsilateral hemisphere, and no metastases, the neoplasms were composed of a combination of FA, PA, GA, and LBC. The observations suggest that, in spite of the glioblastoma's cytologic heterogeneity, the pathologic substrate of aggressiveness in this malignant glioma is related largely to the proliferation of a population of small anaplastic cells. On the basis of this observation, as well as the consideration of certain clinical and therapeutic variables, an outline is presented summarizing the history of the glioblastoma multiforme from treatment until the time of death.
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PMID:Correlations between cytologic composition and biologic behavior in the glioblastoma multiforme. A postmortem study of 50 cases. 631 12

Extraneural metastases from malignant glioma and glioblastoma are believed to be rare. The most common sites of metastases are lung, lymph nodes, bone, and liver. We recently encountered two patients with glioblastoma multiforme who presented with pain and thrombocytopenia caused by diffuse metastasis to bone marrow. A premortem diagnosis was established in the first patient with the aid of peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of the bone marrow biopsy specimen for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a glial-specific marker. In the second patient glial fibrillary acidic protein staining confirmed the glial nature of the primary brain tumor as well as the metastatic tumor in bone marrow. The first patient also had metastatic nodules on the pleural surface and on the fifth rib. All three metastatic foci had similar cellular morphology, suggesting selection of a population of tumor cells with extraneural metastatic potential.
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PMID:Diffuse bone marrow metastasis by glioblastoma: premortem diagnosis by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein. 631 36

Correct diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the brain and differentiation from malignant glioma, metastases, meningeoma and infection is often difficult. With the aim of finding characteristics pointing to the correct diagnosis all CT examinations from 16 patients with primary or secondary lymphoma of the brain were analysed. In 3 of 10 patients with primary lymphoma and 4 of 6 with secondary lymphoma the tumors were multiple. No differences between the CT appearance of primary and secondary lymphoma were found except that secondary lymphomas were generally smaller and more often multiple. The lymphomas were most often well demarcated, had a density equal to or slightly higher than normal brain tissue, were surrounded by no or slight edema and showed a moderate to marked contrast enhancement. The tumors were situated in the basal ganglia, corpus callosum or cerebellum in high frequency and were always in contact with either the ependyma of the ventricles or the superficial subarachnoid space. A tumor with widespread infiltration of the surroundings of the ventricles seen in 6 patients in the material is highly characteristic of lymphoma.
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PMID:Computed tomography of malignant lymphoma of the brain. 637 16

Primary malignant neoplasms of the nervous system differ from other types of malignancy in several ways. Clinical progression is due to local invasive growth, while metastases outside the skull are rare. The tumors show no sharp delimitation from the surrounding normal tissue. At the edge, an ill-defined area of invasive tumor cells, reacting glial cells and inflammatory cells is present. At the same time the primary brain tumors are biologically heterogeneous. In this review, a short survey of markers for malignancy in primary brain tumors is given, and some properties of importance for invasive behavior, are listed. These include different cellular enzymes, phagocytotic property, locomotive and proliferative characteristics. Studies of primary brain tumors in situ show invasive growth into the surrounding brain tissue, often followed by hemorrhage and necrosis. In addition spread of tumor cells takes place along preexisting intracranial structures. Recently, several systems for the study of brain tumor invasiveness in culture have been elaborated. Both experimental and human gliomas have been tested. The target tissues include organ culture of embryonic chick heart muscle, chorioallantoic membrane, fetal rat brain tissue and reconstructed vessel walls. It has been shown that glioma cells are able to split junctions between normal cells. They destroy and phagocytose the normal cells and penetrate the normal tissue. The use of brain tissue and reaggregated brain cell cultures as target for glioma cells in culture opens the possibility for an elucidation of invasiveness as one of the most important properties of malignancy in the nervous system.
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1984
PMID:Invasiveness of primary brain tumors. 638 24

An autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease (vRD) associated with malignant pheochromocytoma is reported. The patient is a 36-year-old Japanese male and diagnosed as vRD both clinically and pathologically. He died from right adrenal tumor with wide spread metastases to lungs and bone marrow. The tumors presented satisfactory histological features in favor of pheochromocytoma and neurosecretory granules were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic lesions ultrastructurally. Statistical study of 182, 673 autopsy cases from Annuals of Japanese Autopsy Cases was also done in order to investigate the relationship between vRD and associating tumors including benign and malignant pheochromocytoma. Cases with vRD showed significantly higher incidences of malignant Schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, intracranial glioma, and pheochromocytoma compared to that of non-vRD cases. Other malignancies revealed rather smaller incidences than non-vRD cases. These neurogenic tumors are to be principal life threatening problems in patients with vRD. Rare incidence of malignant pheochromocytoma in vRD is to become from low incidence of pheochromocytoma, though significantly greater than that of non-vRD cases.
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PMID:Von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis) associated with malignant pheochromocytoma. 643 30

Cells of two human glioma lines (UC-35AG, UC-58EG), a human medulloblastoma line (UC-51MB), two rat glioma lines C6, RG2), and a rat schwannoma line (Lew-MS) were injected i.v. into male nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu). Each animal was injected with 10(6) viable cells of a particular line; for each line there was a group of eight to nine animals. The mice developed disseminated (metastatic) tumors from all lines. The incidence of mice developing metastatic tumors was different for the various lines: 2/8 for the UC-34AG, 7/9 for the UC-58EG, 1/8 for the UC-51MB, 7/8 for the C6 line, 8/8 for the RG2 and 1/9 for the Lew-MS line. The shortest survival of the mice with tumors was observed with C6 (all died on days 10-14 post injection), and with RG2 (all died from day 32 to day 39 following injection). With the remaining lines, all mice survived until they were killed on day 40 after injection. Most frequently the tumors developed in the lung. Other organs, e.g., kidney or liver, were sometimes also involved, but usually to a considerably lesser degree than the lung. Metastases never developed in the CNS. It was observed that tumors of certain glioma lines tended to grow in the lung in characteristic patterns and involved or spared other organs.
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PMID:Disseminated (metastatic) tumors in nude mice produced by intravenous injection of cells of human and nonhuman neurogenic tumor lines. 646 77

C.T. scans of 19 patients with histologically proved primary lymphoma of the brain were reviewed and divided into three groups: solitary tumors (58%), multifocal tumors (31,5%), diffuse involvement of the brain (10,5%). The C.T. differential diagnosis are manifold, including meningioma, glioma, metastases, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arteriography is not specific, but, correlation with C.T. results may suggest the correct diagnosis and encourage biopsy. The radiosensitivity of primary lymphoma of the brain emphasizes, the importance of an early diagnosis.
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PMID:Computed tomography in primary lymphoma of the brain. 650 18

A total of 49 patients were treated using intraarterial cis-platinum infusions at a dose of 100 mg/m2. The patients were separated into three groups. There were 13 patients with metastatic tumors, 10 with recurrent malignant gliomas, and 22 patients with high-grade gliomas who received intraarterial cis-platinum as part of an adjuvant program. In addition, four nongliomatous primary brain tumors were treated in this fashion. Cis-platinum was filtered immediately prior to intraarterial infusion using a 0.22-micron filter. Response to treatment was evaluated by follow-up CAT scans and neurologic examinations. There were three complete and eight partial responses in metastatic tumors, and eight partial responses in recurrent gliomas. The median survival was 19 weeks for patients with metastatic disease, and 16 weeks for patients with recurrent gliomas. Those high-grade glioma patients who received intraarterial cis-platinum as adjuvant chemotherapy along with CCNU and radiation therapy had a projected median survival of 91+ weeks. Toxicity from intraarterial cis-platinum following drug filtration was markedly reduced when compared with previous reports. Only five patients experiencing visual or central nervous system toxicity utilizing filtered cis-platinum and no radiographic or histopathologic evidence of central nervous system toxicity was observed. Bilateral deafness was observed following vertebral artery infusion in both patients treated in this manner and thus vertebral artery infusions should be avoided. Systemic toxicity was mild. Intracarotid infusion is a safe, well-tolerated delivery system for filtered cis-platinum with a high response rate for patients with both metastatic and primary malignant brain tumors.
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PMID:Intraarterial cis-platinum chemotherapy for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. 654 19

The hormone sensitivity of some tumors seems to be mediated by the presence of specific receptor proteins, and a correlation seems to exist between the amount of receptor molecules and the behavior of the tumor evolution. Epidemiological data suggest a relation between the steroid sexual hormones and the development of some tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The authors determine the amount of receptors specific to 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone in several cases of meningioma, glioma, neurinoma and intracerebral metastases. 17-beta-estradiol receptors were always detected, although in very variable amount (3 to 74 fm/mg protein). Progesterone receptors were found in all the studied CNS in women, and only in a few male gliomas, in amounts varying between 3 and 17 fm/mg protein. The significance of hormone receptors in the CNS tumors need further studies to know if they can be applied to prognosis and suggest the assay of a complementary endocrine therapy of CNS tumors.
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PMID:[Specific receptors for sex hormones in tumors of the central nervous system]. 654 9

Monometric DNA impulse cytophotometry of ploidism state (diploid or aneuploid tumors with stemmline shift, polyploidism ) and proportion of DNA-synthesized cells (S-phase proportion) were determined on over 500, mostly malignant, tumors of different sites. The results were compared with histopathological findings (TNM stage and degree of differentiation). Large diploid carcinomas of the oral cavity have lower S-phase activity than aneuploid tumors. Carcinomas of the breast, stomach and ovary are frequently diploid. Aneuploid carcinomas of these regions generally have high synthesizing activity. Mucoid signet-ring carcinomas of the stomach have lower S-phase activity than non-mucoid carcinomas. In the colorectal region aneuploid carcinoma predominates, in the colon more than in the rectum. Tumor metastases from colon and rectum into the liver predominantly are from aneuploid primary tumors. For tumors of the breast, corpus uteri and ovary with high and moderate differentiation there is a direct correlation between histological grade of differentiation and the S-phase proportions. Aneuploid tumors vary from low to high synthesizing activity. Diploid meningioma and glioma have a low S-phase proportion, aneuploidism correlates with an increase in growth. Supplementation of histopathological diagnosis by determining ploidism and S-phase activity makes an important contribution in the assessment of the degree of malignancy, as well as for therapeutic purposes.
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PMID:[DNA measurement of malignant tumors by impulse cytophotometry. The principles and importance for assessing growth behavior and the degree of abnormality]. 672 25


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