Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six patients with suspected lesions of the spinal cord were studied before and after administration of gadolinium-DTPA to assess whether contrast enhancement was useful in the MR evaluation of intramedullary disease. Nine patients had primary tumors, six had benign syringes, three had multiple sclerosis with cord involvement, three had thrombosed vascular malformations, three had probable intramedullary metastasis, and two were normal. Although all lesions were detected on noncontrast MR scans, gadolinium-DTPA was of great help in their delineation and characterization. Specifically, contrast material may be able (1) to localize tumor nidus and separate it from edema, in cases of hemangioblastomas and metastases; (2) to suggest regions of more active tumors, in cases of glioma, for surgical biopsy or removal; (3) to differentiate benign or reactive processes from neoplastic lesions, such as reactive cyst from tumor cyst or hematoma due to thrombosed malformation from tumor hemorrhage; and (4) possibly to differentiate active from inactive lesions, for example, in multiple sclerosis. Because of these advantages, gadolinium-DTPA probably will often be used routinely when intramedullary lesions are detected on noncontrast MR scans.
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PMID:Intramedullary disease of the spine: diagnosis using gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. 326 73

The clinical, radiologic, and neuropathologic findings in 13 patients with central pontine myelinolysis were reviewed. Antemortem computed tomography (CT) had been performed in nine, and ante- or postmortem magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 11. Chronic alcoholism or rapid correction of hyponatremia was present in over 75% of cases. One CT scan was positive, but only on retrospective review. In all but one patient, MR imaging eventually revealed an abnormality within the pons; in two patients the initial study was normal. The lesions varied in shape, with peripheral involvement in two patients and extrapontine involvement in four. The abnormality was smaller at 6-month follow-up in one patient and unchanged at 1 year in another. One patient never had a demonstrable pontine lesion but did have symmetric basal ganglia abnormalities, which were consistent with extrapontine myelinolysis. MR imaging disclosed similar central pontine alterations resulting from infarct, metastasis, glioma, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and radiation or chemotherapy; thus, such changes are not unique.
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PMID:Central pontine myelinolysis and its imitators: MR findings. 340 9

Over 35 intraaxial lesions in 15 patients suspected of having intracranial tumors were studied with MR before and after injection of Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Diseases included primary and metastatic brain tumors, plaques of multiple sclerosis, occult arteriovenous malformations, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, and pituitary adenoma. The precontrast T2-weighted sequence (SE 2000/30, 60) was found to be most sensitive in detecting intraaxial lesions, showing 17 lesions that were not seen on the post-Gd-DTPA T1-weighted sequence (SE 500/30). In one case of multiple sclerosis, several lesions seen on the pre-Gd-DTPA study on T2-weighted images faded after injection of Gd-DTPA (due to T2 shortening). In two patients with large metastatic foci, other small metastatic lesions were seen better after Gd-DTPA on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Four other patients with only one focal-enhancing lesion and one patient with multifocal lesions on T1-weighted images actually had a much larger single glioma depicted on pre-Gd-DTPA T2-weighted images. In a patient with AIDS, a ring-enhancing lesion thought to be an abscess proved to be lymphoma. The cryptic arteriovenous malformations enhanced but showed more characteristic findings, such as hemorrhage, on pre-Gd-DTPA studies. Our experience suggests that Gd-DTPA may not improve sensitivity of MR in the detection of intraaxial lesions. However, functional aspects of brain disease, such as the presence of perfusion of a lesion and active breach of the blood-brain barrier, are depicted well with Gd-DTPA and are vital for proper diagnosis in many instances.
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PMID:Gd-DTPA in clinical MR of the brain: 1. Intraaxial lesions. 349 Jul 58

Fourteen patients and five healthy individuals underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to determine an effective multiple spin echo pulse sequence for estimating T2. Lesions examined included infarction, glioma, multiple sclerosis, and acute hematoma. A pulse repetition time (TR) of 1,500 msec and echo delays (TEs) of 25, 50, 75, and 100 msec were used. Computed T2 images were derived from all four echoes, the first two echoes, and the first and fourth echoes. T2 values were obtained from specific brain locales using region-of-interest analysis. Use of either the first two echoes or the first and fourth in the T2 fit provided T2 estimates which closely correlated with that of the four-echo analysis. The noise level in T2 maps constructed from the 25- and 100-msec echoes was modestly (typically 10%) higher than that from four echoes; noise level from the 25- and 50-msec echoes was markedly higher, typically 60%. This behavior is remarkably consistent with that predicted from theory. All 19 subjects displayed consistent relative T2 values for specific brain structures; in 13, the absolute T2 values fell within a limited range. Despite the high sensitivity of T2 images, their specificity in the detection of most brain disease appears limited except in acute intracerebral hematoma, which exhibited a decreased T2 relaxation time using high-field-strength MR imaging.
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PMID:T2 estimates in healthy and diseased brain tissue: a comparison using various MR pulse sequences. 372 16

This paper reports on a 54-year-old male in whom multiple sclerosis developed 10 years prior to his death from glioblastoma confirmed at autopsy. A causal relationship is still uncertain despite the 24 cases of concurrent multiple sclerosis and glioma reported since 1938. We discuss the neuropathologic and epidemiologic evidence for and against the hypothesis that multiple sclerosis lesions promote the development of gliomas and conclude that no current reason exists to support the hypothesis.
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PMID:Co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and glioma--case report and neuropathologic and epidemiologic review. 632 82

In normal brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is highly impermeable to K+ cations, their transport being controlled by ATPases situated in the endothelial cell membranes. 82Rb+ is a positron-emitting analogue of K+ with a half-life of 75 s. Using a steady-state model and positron emission tomography, quantitative extraction data for 82Rb+ transport across the BBB have been obtained both in normal human subjects and in a variety of conditions of cerebral pathology. A mean cerebral Rb extraction of 2.1% was found for normal subjects, corresponding to a mean value of 1.1 x 10(-6) cm s-1 for 82Rb+ cation permeability across the BBB. No increase in cerebral Rb extraction was observed for patients with diffusely raised intracranial pressure secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus and benign intracranial hypertension, or for patients with multiple sclerosis or cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus. Cerebral tumours that were enhanced on computed tomography scanning showed a significant increase in local Rb uptake. No correlation between tumour size, or grade of glioma, and tumour Rb extraction was found. Nonenhancing tumours showed no increase in local Rb extraction, and regions of perifocal tumour oedema also had Rb extraction values in the normal range. It is concluded that increased Rb extraction occurs only where tight junction integrity in the BBB breaks down locally, that is, in the microcirculation of enhancing tumours but not in that of perifocal regions of tumour oedema or nonenhancing tumours.
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PMID:Quantitative measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability using rubidium-82 and positron emission tomography. 633 92

Two cases of long-standing multiple sclerosis (MS) are presented. During the course of this disease signs of a space-occupying lesion in the brain developed. An astrocytoma was diagnosed by biopsy in both patients. A later postmortem examination in one of them revealed a diffuse glioma with extension of tumor cells into the brain stem and cerebellum. Current opinions on the development of cerebral gliomatous tumors and of malignant lymphomas in patients with MS are discussed. Recent immunopathologic aspects are considered.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis and cerebral tumor. 670 19

We studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that required only 50 microliters of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis, but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo, idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.
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PMID:Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases. 683 75

Six patients with angiographically cryptic vascular malformations involving the brainstem were examined with computed tomography (CT). The clinical and CT findings of cryptic vascular malformations of the brainstem are described and distinguished from those of brainstem glioma and multiple sclerosis. Calcification within a brainstem lesion that displays relatively little mass effect and shows little contrast enhancement, particularly when associated with a long history of waxing and waning brainstem symptoms, should suggest a vascular malformation.
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PMID:Cryptic vascular malformations involving the brainstem. 684 69

The concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms is uncommon. The literature contains 20 cases of multiple sclerosis associated with gliomas and nine cases with non-gliomatous neoplasms. This report describes a protoplasmic astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation found incidentally at autopsy of a 63-year-old woman with a 25-year history of multiple sclerosis. This is the first demonstrated association of multiple sclerosis with an arteriovenous malformation. Although neoplastic transformation of reactive glial cells in multiple sclerosis plaques has been proposed as the source of gliomas, the association of multiple sclerosis with astrocytoma and arteriovenous malformation in the present case is considered to be coincidental. Gliomas reported in association with multiple sclerosis are more frequently (30%) multicentric than are uncomplicated gliomas.
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PMID:Concurrence of multiple sclerosis and primary intracranial neoplasms. 726 Aug 77


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