Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients, one with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the other with a glioma of the splenium of the corpus callosum, were biopsied with the aid of CAT. Light microscopy, histochemistry, electronmicroscopy and morphometric analysis of counts of mitochondria, dense bodies, and pinocytotic vesicles within the capillary endothelial cells was done. Examination of the MS plaque showed endothelial cell tight junctions to be closed, basal lamina to be thinned, but endothelial cell mitochondria to be the same as in a patient without MS. Pinocytotic vesicles were markedly increased in endothelial cells in MS. Despite intense inflammation in the surround, endothelial lysosomes were as few as in a control.
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PMID:The capillaries in acute and subacute multiple sclerosis plaques: a morphometric analysis. 56 53

A case of spontaneous pontine hematoma in young boy, with remitting and relapsing clinical course of up to 11 years, suspected of having pontine glioma or multiple sclerosis is reported. Differential diagnosis of these are mentioned with reference to our cases of pontine glioma. This patient was a man aged 16. At 5 years of age he had his first episode of double vision. 20 days after first episode, gait disturbance, left facial palsy and consciousness disturbance developed. Neurological and neuroradiological examination revealed a pontine glioma and radiotherapy was administered. All signs and symptoms resolved except for bilateral abducens palsy. Four months later, he again complained of gait disturbance and facial palsy. Examination revealed bilateral conjugate ocular palsy, left facial palsy and cerebellar ataxia. These symptoms again resolved spontaneously, except for bilateral abducens palsy. At age 16 years, having been asymptomatic for 10 years, he suddenly noticed loss of taste. At that time sensory disturbance of the left side of himself, right hearing disturbance, dysarthria and retardation urinae. Neurological examination revealed bilateral optic atropy, bilateral abducens palsy, left facial palsy, right hyperacuisis, dysarthria, left hemiparesis, hypesthesia of the left side of the body and left cerebellar ataxia. The vertebral angiography was no evidences of mass lesion and vascular anomalies. The computed tomography demonstrated a pontine hematoma. Conservative therapy was performed and these symptoms cleared off except for bilateral abducens palsy.
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PMID:[A case of spontaneous pontine hematoma in patient suspected of pontine glioma and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 72 72

Astrocytes have been regarded as the matrix of the central nervous system and as nutritional, metabolic support to neurons. Recently, immunological roles of astrocytes have been reported, especially in multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalitis. One observation shows that human glioma cells, which lack CD4 molecules, can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. Another report described that human macrophages can be infected with human immunodeficiency virus through Fc gamma receptors expressed on their cell surfaces. These results prompted us to examine the functioning molecules, especially Fc gamma receptor for immunoglobulin G, expressed on the astroglial cell line. From erythrocyte-antibody rosette assays, redirected cytolysis and flow cytometric analysis, we have shown that human astrocytoma cell lines possess Fc gamma receptors on their cell surfaces. Furthermore, primary cultured murine astrocytes express Fc gamma II receptors, reacting with 2.4G2 monoclonal antibody. Surprisingly, murine astrocytes prepared from newborn BALB/c mice demonstrate killing activity against allogeneic T cell leukemia by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. After treatment with the macrophage activating factor, interferon-gamma, expression of Fc gamma receptors and killer activity of astrocytes were augmented. From these results, it is suspected that the astroglial cell lines play an important immunological role in the brain.
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PMID:Expression of Fc gamma receptors on astroglial cell lines and their role in the central nervous system. 138 16

Characteristically continuous facial myokymia is a pathognomonic, exceedingly rare physical sign of intrinsic brain-stem lesions e.g. multiple sclerosis (where the myokymia lasts only for a few months), pontine glioma (where it is unremitting for years). The physiopathogenesis is unclear. Electromyographic patterns are characteristic. Therapy and prognosis are related to the basic aetio-pathological process. Only two out of 132 cases of intrinsic brain-stem lesions in the department of Neurosurgery, Seth G.s. Medical College, Bombay over a period of 3 decades, exemplify its rarity. These two cases are reported here and the relevant literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Persistent facial myokymia: a rare pathognomic physical sign of intrinsic brain-stem lesions: report of 2 cases and review of literature. 151 26

A characteristic appearance of occult cerebrovascular malformations (OCVMs) on high-field spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been described previously. The authors report a series of 21 of these lesions located in the brain stem and examine the clinical and MRI characteristics. Most of these lesions display a prolonged, fluctuating clinical course, which suggests multiple sclerosis or brain-stem glioma. Although the possibility of hemorrhagic neoplasms mimicking the MRI appearance of OCVMs has been emphasized recently, distinguishing between these two groups of lesions should be possible in most cases. MRI should allow the diagnosis to be made with sufficient certainty to avoid unnecessary intervention for OCVMs in this delicate location.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of occult vascular malformations of the brain stem. 188 59

Three cases are presented in which clinical and radiological features suggested the diagnosis of glioma but surgical biopsy revealed a demyelinating process, with tissue destruction and cyst formation in two. One patient had clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Two had probable acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Treatment with high dose steroids is appropriate when there is clinical or investigative evidence to suggest the presence of demyelinating disease, before deciding on biopsy.
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PMID:Destructive lesions in demyelinating disease. 205 14

A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies raised against human hemopoietic cells was used for immunohistological labeling of frozen sections of human nervous tissues and tumors. Three antibodies showed a remarkably consistent labeling pattern when tested on 18 samples of normal or reactive tissue, on 31 neurogenic and 17 non-neurogenic tumors in an indirect immunofluorescence technique. VIM C6, an antibody recognizing cells of the granulocyte series, showed surface labeling of normal and reactive glial cells and of all types of glioma regardless of the grade of malignancy. VIT 13, an antibody recognizing activated T-cells, labeled the processes of normal, reactive, and neoplastic glia in a manner very similar to but not identical with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). VIB C5, an antibody recognizing B cells and granulocytes, showed surface labeling restricted to malignant cells (malignant gliomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors) and fetal brain, thus recognizing, within the nervous system, an oncofetal antigen. Due to this operational specificity within the nervous system, some of the antibodies described here might have a role as diagnostic markers for CNS tumors. This study confirms and expands previous data that sharing of antigenic determinants by hemopoietic cells and nervous tissue or neurogenic tumors is common. However, the significance of such cross-recognition is still obscure. It is tempting to speculate that cross-reacting auto-antibodies might contribute to tissue damage in some immune-mediated neurologic diseases (myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus) or to impairment of immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis or glioma patients. Furthermore, sharing of surface determinants might be responsible for the dual tissue tropism of some viruses, including the lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) in the encephalopathy of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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PMID:Shared antigenic determinants between human hemopoietic cells and nervous tissues and tumors. 241 Oct 97

Peripheral blood B lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and control persons were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus. Antibody production of transformed cells against isolated human myelin was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells producing reactive antibodies were cloned and propagated to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These mAbs did also react with acetone fixed frozen sections of normal human white matter, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Some of the mAbs derived from MS patients and a control person with a central nervous system cyst agglutinated liposomes made from lipids of a chloroform/methanol extract of human myelin, whereas mAbs derived from four glioma patients were negative in these tests. The reactive antibodies were investigated further using agglutination tests with liposomes made from pure auxiliary lipids (cholesterol and lecithin) or containing in addition either galactocerebroside, sulfatide or a mixture of bovine brain gangliosides. The great majority of myelin liposome agglutinating antibodies reacted with all types of liposomes, including those made from pure auxiliary lipids. Investigations by ELISA suggest that phospholipids are the reactive components, at least for some of these mAbs. Some antibodies reacted with liposomes containing galactocerebroside or sulfatide, others only with sulfatide containing liposomes. Antibodies showing these specificities were only obtained from MS patients.
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PMID:Monoclonal autoantibodies derived from multiple sclerosis patients and control persons and their reactivities with antigens of the central nervous system. 256 90

The topography and magnitude of increase in peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites (omega 3 sites) was investigated autoradiographically in the brains of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, with multiple sclerosis, and with malignant glioma. 3H-PK 11195, a selective omega 3 site ligand, was employed. A manyfold increase in omega 3 site density was observed in all these disease states; this increase reflects macrophage invasion or glial proliferation or both as demonstrated by neuropathological studies carried out in parallel. There was an excellent spatial correlation between increased omega 3 site densities and extent of the lesion histologically. Specifically, an elevated density of omega 3 sites was observed in the plaques of demyelination in multiple sclerosis patients, in the periphery of infarcted zones in stroke patients, and throughout tumor in patients with grade IV astrocytomas. As our approach is applicable to both tomographic (in vivo) and autoradiographic investigations, imaging of omega 3 sites may be considered for the detection and monitoring of the natural evolution of many disorders of the human central nervous system.
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PMID:Imaging of human brain lesions with an omega 3 site radioligand. 284 20

The vulnerability of neuroepithelial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to neoplastic transformation results from the interaction of several factors: the existence of a reserve population of stem cells, the capability of differentiated cells to reenter the kinetic cycle, the number of replicating cells at risk at a particular time, the length of time during which a particular cell population remains in the cycle, the state of differentiation and the further differentiation potential of that population, and the steps of differentiation that are achieved in successive cell generations. This concept explains many aspects of CNS tumor incidence and the relationship of central neuroepithelial embryonal tumors to tumors of adult cell type. The incidence of different types of central neuroepithelial tumors can be correlated with the width of the window of neoplastic vulnerability. Examples illustrating the existence of only a narrow window include such rare tumors as medulloepitheliomas, cerebral neuroblastomas, gangliogliomas and ependymoblastomas. By contrast, cerebellar medulloblastomas, astrocytomas, mixed astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas exemplify instances in which a relatively wider window of vulnerability exists in the light of cellular neuro-ontogeny and of the capacity of glial cells for postnatal replication. The relationship that may occasionally be established between the development of a glioma and the production of cellular gliosis such as may follow brain injury or accompany multiple sclerosis can also be viewed in the light of that concept. Increasing awareness is needed concerning the development of postradiation gliomas, in particular after the apparently successful treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:The correlation of neoplastic vulnerability with central neuroepithelial cytogeny and glioma differentiation. 303 35


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