Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A novel antitumor antibiotic, 11-acetyl-8-carbamoyloxymethyl-4-formyl-14-oxa-1, 11-diazatetracyclo [7.4.1.0(2,7).0(10,12] tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-6,9-diyl diacetate, FK973, was obtained as a fermentation product from Streptomyces sandaensis. This drug showed excellent cytotoxic effects on human glioblastoma and medulloblastoma and murine glioma (203 glioma) cells. The antitumor effects were also observed in ACNU-resistant glioma cells. The median survival time (MST) of MG models was 15 days. When they were treated with FK973, their MST was prolonged to 21 days. FK973 showed no apparent damage to murine brain cells.
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PMID:Cytotoxic effects of a new antitumor antibiotic, FK973, in malignant glioma. 177 43

Medulloblastoma, a highly malignant pediatric tumor of the posterior fossa, demonstrates a marked propensity for leptomeningeal dissemination. Although the predominant site of relapse is the posterior fossa, the prevention of subarachnoid spread would be of significant therapeutic value. The established medulloblastoma cell lines D283 Med, D341 Med, D384 Med, D425 Med, D458 Med and Daoy have been investigated in in vitro adhesion assays for their capacity to bind to the predominant components of the leptomeningeal extracellular matrix: fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. Growth on the reconstituted basement membrane matrix, Matrigel, was also assayed. Of the five neuronal phenotype DMed lines, all of which grow spontaneously as macrospheroids in standard fetal calf serum-containing tissue culture medium, only D425 Med and its sibline, D458 Med, derived from a subsequent sample from the same patient, displayed adherence to any of the substrata: approximately 20% of input D425 Med cells attached and exhibited cell spread and some extension (adhesion) on fibronectin. All other DMed lines failed to attach to these substrates. The glial phenotype cell line Daoy, which grows as an adherent monolayer under normal culture conditions, exhibited attachment, extension and growth on all substrata as did the glioma cell line U-251 MG and the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH. The lack of attachment, and thus spread on components of the leptomeningeal extracellular matrix under in vitro assay conditions by 5/6 of the medulloblastoma cell lines investigated, is characteristic of neuronally differentiated cells, thus reinforcing the previously described neuronal phenotype of these lines. The readily demonstrated expression of N-CAM and L1 by all of the medulloblastoma cell lines suggests that the primary mode of leptomeningeal extension in vivo may be dependent on such other cell-cell and cell-substrate binding mechanisms.
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PMID:Medulloblastoma cell-substrate interaction in vitro. 182 45

We report a case of association of a brain tumor with multiple intestinal polyposis (Turcot's syndrome) and offer a critical analysis of the relevant literature with a view to revising the classification of the syndrome in relation to familial multiple polyposis and Gardner's syndrome. For this purpose, we considered only cases of intestinal polyposis associated with a primary neuroepithelial tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma, or glioblastoma) as originally described by Turcot. Differences emerged, depending on the central nervous system tumor type, which suggests that this neoplastic association may be classified as two distinct syndromes.
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PMID:Association between neuroepithelial tumor and multiple intestinal polyposis (Turcot's syndrome): report of a case and critical analysis of the literature. 184 39

Brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured in 14 children with different type of posterior fossa tumours several times during the clinical course, in order to assess the value of this simple and non-invasive method in the diagnosis and follow-up of posterior fossa tumours in childhood. Eight children had midline medulloblastoma, three children had lateral astrocytoma, three had intrinsic brainstem glioma. Different BAEP patterns could be detected in different tumour's type: bilateral symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical I-V. IPL prolongation in midline medulloblastomas, unilateral or markedly asymmetrical I.-V. IPL prolongation or wave V. depression on the contralateral side in lateral astrocytomas, and severely distorted asymmetrical waveform in intrinsic brainstem gliomas. The BAEPs were abnormal earlier than CT scan in a case of craniospinal astrocytoma. BAEPs were useful in the follow-up: the effect of the preoperative chemotherapy or the progression of the inoperable tumours could be as well documented by this method, as by the CT scan. BAEPs proved effective in the assessment of postoperative neurological complications: bilateral symmetrical IPL prolongation and wave V. depression with clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure occurred in a case of postoperative occlusive hydrocephalus, unilateral IPL prolongation occurred during irradiation or chemotherapy after medulloblastoma removal as signs of cerebral oedema.
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PMID:Value of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials in posterior fossa tumours in childhood. 186 81

The immunohistochemical distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein (S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100 alpha (+) and/or S-100 beta (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100 alpha (+) and S-100 beta (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (-)]; medulloblastoma malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100 beta immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100 beta than for S-100 alpha with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100 beta immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100 alpha varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100 alpha and S-100 beta might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors. 188 40

Three new human medulloblastoma (MB) cell lines (D384 Med, D425 Med, and D458 Med) and their transplantable xenografts were examined for antigenic expression with antibodies against neuroectodermal antigens, cytoskeletal proteins, neuroendocrine markers, glioma-associated antigens, tenascin, human lymphocyte antigen molecules, epidermal growth factor receptor, and T-cell antigen by indirect immunofluorescence, avidin-biotin complex peroxidase immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot methods. We found that each of the three cell lines expressed vimentin; low-, middle-, and high-molecular-weight neurofilament proteins; and the synaptic vesicle membrane glycoprotein synaptophysin. Each of the cell lines also reacted with antibodies against neural cell adhesion molecules, but none of them were positive for antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, keratin, microtubule-associated protein tau and microtubule-associated protein 2, human lymphocyte antigen-DR, epidermal growth factor receptor, and T-cell antigen. Immunoreactivities with anti-tenascin and anti-glioma-associated antibodies were variable in these cell lines. Anti-human lymphocyte antigen-A,B and anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibodies reacted with xenografts of D384 Med and D425 Med and were weakly positive for a small population of D384 Med cultured cells. In summary, the detection of neurofilament proteins and synaptophysin and the absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein provide strong evidence for a neuronal phenotype of D384 Med, D425 Med, and D458 Med.
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PMID:Differentiation characteristics of newly established medulloblastoma cell lines (D384 Med, D425 Med, and D458 Med) and their transplantable xenografts. 190 13

Sixteen patients with recurrent childhood brain tumors were treated with intravenous cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside and etoposide (PAE), daily for three days every three to four weeks. Objective responses were observed in 6 of 15 evaluable patients and an additional six patients had stable disease for greater than 6 months. The tumor-specific response rate for astrocytoma/glioma was 3 of 7 and for medulloblastoma was 2 of 4. The mean progression-free interval was 11.0 months and the hazard rate for progression was 0.085 per patient-month of observation. The most common toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Clinically significant ototoxicity was identified in 7 patients. The activity of PAE chemotherapy for recurrent childhood brain tumors warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Cisplatin, ara-C and etoposide (PAE) in the treatment of recurrent childhood brain tumors. 191 47

Virtually all brain tumor models studied to date have demonstrated the activity of the nitrosoureas, an observation confirmed in a cohort of adult patients with high-grade gliomas. However, studies with animal brain tumor models have not led to the selection of other clinically active agents (with the possible exception of AZQ), leading investigators to conduct experiments with human CNS tumor-derived cell lines and xenografts. These studies have identified agents subsequently shown to be active in phase II clinical trials against high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma. Clinical phase III trials in progress will demonstrate if these agents result in increased disease-free survival, which is the ultimate goal of all preclinical therapeutic studies. Future research with these laboratory models may ultimately allow the definition of the mechanisms of drug resistance and the identification of modulations effective in bypassing or reversing this resistance.
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PMID:Therapeutic analysis of in vitro and in vivo brain tumor models. 194 6

Neuraxis radiation therapy (RT) for primary intracranial tumors is associated with major late effects if administered to very young children. To control residual tumor and to delay RT, we treated eight young children (median age 6.5 months) with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors using combination chemotherapy: cisplatin, 20 mg/M2/day plus VP-16, 75 mg/M2/day i.v. for 5 days, given q. 3-6 weeks for 8 cycles. The tumors were medulloblastoma (one), malignant ependymoma (two), primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNET (two), malignant glioma (two), astrocytoma (one). Six had measurable disease; three had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathology. All patients with measurable tumor had initial objective responses (three) complete response [CR], one partial response [PR], two minor response [MR], including cytopathology (three CR of three) and metastatic deposits (two CR of two). One patient relapsed during chemotherapy. Median time to disease progression was 17.5 months; median survival was 34 months. Three patients, none of whom received RT, have prolonged progression-free intervals of 47-67 months to date. Neurodevelopmental progress continued during and after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy toxicity was mild. Median neutrophil nadir was 312/mm3, platelets 72,000. Fever during neutropenia occurred in six of 61 courses. Moderate high-frequency auditory losses were detected in three patients, and mild renal injury (GFR less than 70 ml/min) was detected in two of seven evaluable children. This pilot study demonstrates the apparent efficacy and mild toxicity of 5 day courses of cisplatin plus VP-16, with delayed RT, in young children with CNS neoplasms. A POG treatment protocol that incorporates cisplatin plus VP-16 is evaluating primary chemotherapy with delayed radiotherapy in larger numbers of pediatric brain tumor patients.
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PMID:Efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy using cisplatin plus etoposide in young children with brain tumors. 199 Feb 53

The cooperative study on the beta-interferon (IFN) therapy for glioblastoma and malignant astrocytoma reported the response rate as 14.0%. Continuing study resulted the response rate of 24.0% to low grade astrocytoma and 20.0% to medulloblastoma. Totally, effectiveness of 19.2% to gliomas was confirmed in 120 evaluated cases. A randomized study was conducted on combination therapy with beta-interferon and chemoradiotherapy. The response rate of 41.2% (21/51) in the group treated with IFN, ACNU and Radiation was significantly higher than the rate of 19.6% (10/51) in the group treated with ACNU and radiation only. Application of IFN to a maintenance therapy is also on going. Adoptive immunotherapy has been developed as potential therapeutic method of malignant glioma. Lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) and Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are put to clinical use. Clinical application of human monoclonal antibody (MAb) CLN-IgG was conducted to recurrent malignant glioma. 131I labeled MAb was administered intratumorously and the specific incorporation was confirmed by gamma-scintigraphy. Concomitant administration of interferon enhanced the efficacy of the therapy. This radio-immunotherapy holds future promise as a new therapeutic approach to gliomas.
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PMID:[Advances of BRM therapy of malignant brain tumors]. 199 12


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