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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 17 years we have performed 6,505 neurosurgical procedures in the neurosurgical unit of the Salisbury Hospital Group. Only 62% were performed on Africanpatients and 38% on European patients, despite the fact that the African population exceeds the European population by 20 times. This is partly due to the tolerance of rural people towards disease and partly to a number of social factors. The European group has a greater percentage of elderly people than the African group and, although we could not estimate the incidence of tumors among the African group, we would expect their overall incidence per capita to be lower because malignant tumors tend to occur in older people. We do not suspect the existence of a genetic factor in tumor incidence. There were 205 primary intracranial neoplasms in Africans and 244 in Europeans. Histological study shows that 33% of all tumors were meningiomas in the African group compared to 19% in the European group. Gliomas comprised 61.3% of the European series and 48.8% of the African series but the distribution by Kernohan's grading of astrocytomas was the same in both groups. If age was a factor, Grades I and II should have predominated in the African group, but did not. The incidence for each tumor among our European patients followed the patterns reported in various European and USA series. Likewise the pattern emerging from our African series closely paralleled the reports of other workers in Africa. Acoustic neuromas appear to be rather rare among Africans. The average age of all adults with tumors was 15 years lower in the African group than in the European group. However, this is entirely related to the age structure of the population, and not to an earlier age of occurrence. The average ages of medulloblastoma cases were identical. In our European series the occurrence according to age was much the same as that reported by overseas workers. The sex incidence of tumors in the European group seems to be a fair reflection of the situation elsewhere; in the African group it is questionable because men go into the towns to work and leave their families in the country. There was no significant difference in the location of tumors in the two groups. Results of treatment were uniformly inferior in the African group, partly due to the lateness of arrival at the hospital so that the growth was already far advanced and also because many patients suffered poor health from concomitant disease.
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PMID:Primary cerebral neoplasia in Rhodesia. 16 60

The tentorial branches, originating from the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, showed pathological findings in two cases of brain tumors infiltrating the tentorium: a glioblastoma multiforme of the temporooccipital and basal regions and a medulloblastoma diffusely involving the cerebellar hemisphere, vermis brachium pontis and pons. The value and importance of the tentorial branches are emphasized in the diagnosis of glioma infiltrating the tentorium. The percentage of the visualization and the measurements of the visualized segment of these branches were described using selective internal carotid angiograms by the transfemoral catheter technic on 50 presumably normal adults. The percentage of the visualization of the tentorial branches was 24 percents and the average visualized segment measured 15 mm with a range of 5 to 30 mm on conventional angiograms.
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PMID:[Angiographic findings of tentorial branches of the internal carotid artery in gliomas infiltrating the tentorium (author's transl)]. 17 5

Individual sensitivity of 40 glial tumors (34 macroglial and 5 oligodendroglial tumors and 1 medulloblastoma) to 4 chemotherapeutical agents (fluorofur, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and sarcolysin) was studied in vitro on the basis of changes in the values of thymidine labelling index after 24-hour incubation of tumor-tissue fragments in a medium with the chemical agents. Each of the tumors studied possessed individual range of sensitivity to the chemotherapeutical agents distinguishing it from other tumors. None of the agents studied proved to more effective than others. The reaction of the tumor tissue to the effect of the chemotherapeutical agents did not depend on the proliferative activity of the tumor, while the degree of manifestation of the tumor reaction was often dependent on the concentration of the agents. An increase in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in the tumor under the effect of the chemical agents was observed in rare cases.
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PMID:[Determination of the individual sensitivity of human glial tumors to the action of chemotherapeutic preparations]. 22 13

The role of radiotherapy for certain intracranial tumours, given either postoperatively or as the sole treatment in inoperable cases, is discussed, principally in relation to medulloblastoma, ependymoma, cerebral astrocytoma, brain-stem glioma and craniopharyngioma. Methods of increasing the response of gliomas to irradiation are mentioned and reference is made to the possible value of chemotherapy and of immunotherapy as adjuvants against such tumours. Treatment results are reported and consideration given to the quality of long-term survival.
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PMID:Recent concepts in the conservative treatment of intracranial tumours in children. 22 98

Eleven patients with brain tumors recurrent after surgery and radiation therapy were treated with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) (300-500 mg/kg) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR). MTX was given as an iv infusion over 4 hours followed 2 hours later by oral CFR (10 mg every 6 hours X 12). MTX levels were measured in the serum, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and ventricular CSF at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours from the start of the MTX infusion. MTX concentrations of greater than 10(-6) M were measured in the CSF over a period of 24 hours after the iv infusion. Peak CSF concentrations reached were greater than 10(-5) M. After the response to high-dose MTX with CFR was evaluated, vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) and a nitrosourea (methyl-CCNU or BCNU) were added to this treatment regimen. Two of four patients with recurrent pontine glioma and five of seven patients with recurrent medulloblastoma had favorable objective responses to treatment. It is suggested that high-dose MTX with CFR be cautiously considered for the primary treatment of intracranial neoplasms in children with the hope of increasing the cure rate for children with malignant brain tumors.
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PMID:High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for the treatment of central nervous system tumors in children. 30 81

We used a new immunocytoadhesion method to test 15 different tumors of the human nervous system to see whether medulloblastomas share tumor-associated surface antigens (TSA) with other tumors. Antisera against medulloblastoma cells were raised in rabbits. One antiserum was adsorbed extensively with tonsil and adenoid cells and with cerebral tissues. Freshly isolated cells from 15 different tumors were first sensitized with the adsorbed antiserum and then rosetted with erythrocytes coated with purified antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin. We found that the antimedulloblastoma antiserum detected TSA on the immunizing medulloblastoma cells and on cells from 2 other medulloblastomas, but apparently not on cells from other tumors (astrocytomas, glioblastomas, neurinoma, meningiomas and craniopharyngioma). In addition, the antiserum probably detected the medulloblastoma TSA on some other tumors (oligodendroglioma, ependymoma and malignant glioma of mixed type).
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PMID:Comparison of tumor-associated surface antigens on cells from medulloblastomas and from other neoplasms of the human nervous system. 56 78

There are four previously reported cases of post-irradiation calcification in the basal ganglia as demonstrated on the conventional skull roentgenograms. We have described two additional cases with grey matter calcification, which were demonstrated 10 and 14 yr after radiation therapy for an optic glioma and a medulloblastoma, respectively. The calcification was clearly demonstrated on CT scan, although it was not apparent on the skull roentgenogram. The extract pathogenesis of this condition is not clear. It appears, however, to be related to radiation vasculitis of the small vessels of the brain with resultant hyalinization and calcification. A long-term follow up study would be necessary to evaluate the significance and implication of post-irradiation calcification of the grey matter. CT is the most sensitive method of demonstrating the intracranial calcification in vivo.
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PMID:CT evidence of grey matter calcification secondary to radiation therapy. 61 95

The authors present a retrospective study of 670 histologically verified tumours of the neuraxis collected over 90 months in the Neurological Hospital, Lyons. The main facts concerning histological type, topography of the tumour, date of diagnosis, address, profession, O.B.O. and Rhesus groups, age and sex were codified for feeding into a computer and processed by sophisticated statistical methods. This analysis shows the homogeneity of topographical distribution in the brain of the different types of glioma, the special genetic code of meningiomas (predominance of A and B genes of the A.B.O. group), absence of the same factors for glioblastoma. Sex ratio analysis shows the contrast between definitely masculine tumours--glioblastomas and astrocytomas--and meningiomas and spongioblastomas. Analysis of the "age specific rate" separates tumours prevalent in the young, where incidence is a decreasing function of age (spongioblastoma, medulloblastoma, cerebellar astrocytoma) and tumours prevalent in adults which are mainly meningiomas and glioblastomas whose incidence is an increasing exponential function of age. Epidemiological analysis shows the difference in geographical distribution of glioblastomas and meningiomas. As far as glioblastomas are concerned, it would appear that on to the general rule of constant tumourincidence over the area as a whole, is superimposed another of high incidence in particular districts of the Beaujolais and Maconnais regions. The aetiological implications of these various findings are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemiological study of primary tumors of the neuraxis in the Rhone-Alps region. Quantitative data on the etiology and geographical distribution of 1670 tumors]. 122 81

The mechanism and the clinical significance of calcium deposits in glioma have been still obscure. Excluding pinealomas, 221 histologically proven intracranial gliomas were studied. The presence of roentgenological calcification in 27 of the authers' series represented an incidence of 12 percent. The incidence of roentgenological calcification in various types of glioma were as follows: astrocytoma grades 1 & 2-15%, astrocytoma grades 3 & 4-7%, medulloblastoma-5%, ependymoma-17%, oligodendrogioma-60%, and choroid plexus papilloma-25%. There was no characteristic relationship between the incidence of calcification and the age distribution. One exception was noted that in astrocytoma grades 1 & 2 the incidence of roentgenological calcification tended to be higher in younger patients than in older patients. The percentage of calcified tumors in both sexes was the same. In astrocytoma and ependymoma the incidence of roentgenological calcification was far greater in the supratentorial tumor than in the infratentorial tumor. According to their roentgenological appearance, calcified tumors were separated into four groups, but any specific appearance could not be claimed for any particular type of glial tumors. Only in astrocytoma both the duration of symptoms and the postoperative survival time of the calcified cases were longer than those of the uncalcified. But in other types of glioma there were no significant differences in the postoperative survival time between the calcified cases and the uncalcified ones. In 5 cases of astrocytomas the calcium deposits did not exist on preoperative radiographs, which were found postoperatively after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In conclusion, it is not the histological type but the duration of the clinical course that plays more important role in calcification of gliomas.
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PMID:[Calcification in gliomas: first report with special reference to roentgenological calcification (author's transl)]. 123 29

Medulloblastoma, a common pediatric brain tumor, is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor which often displays neuronal and/or glial characteristics. We have investigated the consequences of treating cell lines derived from a human medulloblastoma with glia maturation factor-beta (GMF-beta), a protein found in mammalian brain. GMF-beta promotes growth arrest and morphological alteration of cultured glioma and neuroblastoma cells. The proliferation of medulloblastoma cells was arrested 24-48 hr after exposure to human recombinant GMF-beta. During the same period, treated cells acquired a morphology similar to that of mature astrocytes. By 72 hr, all treated cells bound an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a distinguishing biochemical feature of mature astrocytes. Immunoreactivity was accompanied by de novo expression of GFAP mRNA. Our observations are the first demonstration of the induction of morphological and biochemical characteristics of mature astrocytes in cultured medulloblastoma-derived cells by an exogenous factor.
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PMID:Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human medulloblastoma cells treated with recombinant glia maturation factor-beta. 129 57


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