Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

N-Acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to position 6 of a non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue. We have cloned human GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase cDNA, based on the sequence homology to cloned cDNA of mouse GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase. The predicted protein sequence of the human enzyme was highly homologous to that of the mouse enzyme; in the 363 amino acid stretch of the catalytic region, the two proteins were nearly identical except for conservative changes in 3 amino acid residues. The expressed enzyme transferred sulfate to GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Gl cNAc. Co-transfection of the enzyme cDNA and fucosyltransferase VII cDNA into COS-7 cells resulted in cell surface expression of 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase gene is located on human chromosome 7q31. mRNA of the human enzyme was strongly expressed in the bone marrow, peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, brain, spinal cord, ovary, and placenta, and moderate levels of expression were observed in many organs including lymph nodes and thymus. In situ hybridization with the mouse system showed that the transcript was localized in specific regions of the brain, i.e. pyramidal cells in the CA3 subregion of the hippocampus, cerebellar nucleus and Purkinje cells. Among human tumor cells, strong expression of the mRNA was found in MOLT-4 and Jarkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells, Raji lymphoma cells, K-562 chronic myelogeneous leukemia cells, U251 glioma cells, and G361 melanoma cells. Carbohydrate structures synthesized by the sulfotransferase may be involved in various aspects of the differentiation and behavior of blood cells, their progenitor cells, and neurons in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Human N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase involved in the biosynthesis of 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X: molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression in various organs and tumor cells. 972 82

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, until recently representing about 1% of all brain tumours, shows a dramatically increased incidence in the general population as well as in high-risk groups (immunocompromised, AIDS), and may rise up to 6% in a population of AIDS patients. The clinical presentation is variable and cannot reliably be distinguished from other intracerebral tumours. At present, CT and MRI are the methods of choice for diagnosing cerebral lymphomas. However, their characteristics are not specific. The radiological picture may suggest glioma, meningioma, metastatic carcinoma or even a cerebrovascular accident. A labelled somatostatin analogue (pentetreotide) has been proposed as a new tracer for the imaging of somatostatin receptors, which have been identified by immunocytochemical or radioimmunoassay techniques in several organ systems. Somatostatin receptors were also identified in surgical biopsy samples from patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and extracerebral lymphoma has already been visualised in vivo by means of In-111-labelled pentetreotide. While CT images of the brain showed a regression of the tumour after radiotherapeutic treatment, the scintigraphic images showed persistence of the tumoural tissue, corresponding with the clinical evolution and outcome. Furthermore, the absence of extra-cerebral lymphoma tissue, seen on the whole body images, was confirmed by post-mortem examination. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a primary intracerebral lymphoma visualised by means In-111-pentetreotide.
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PMID:Primary cerebral lymphoma visualised by means of In-111-pentetreotide scintigraphy. 992 25

Future improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human gliomas might rely on obtaining more specific information concerning the biologic characteristics of individual tumor cells. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeres, has been reported to be expressed in a majority of human tumors, including several subtypes of brain tumor. We hypothesized that a quantitative assay for telomerase activity, combined with selective microdissection of tumor or normal brain cells, might reveal telomerase gain-of-function to be important in the pathogenesis of gliomas and that telomerase levels might have prognostic significance. We used tissue microdissection for selective analysis of tumor cells obtained from eight patients with glioma, one with a meningioma, and one with a primary B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. Normal brain tissue microdissected from another patient was used as a control. Telomerase activity was screened by an electrophoretic method and then assayed by a quantitative ELISA method. All of the eight gliomas had positive telomerase activity, as did the lymphoma. The meningioma and normal brain were negative. Quantitative analysis of telomerase activity did not correlate with tumor grade nor predict outcome. Selective tissue microdissection, combined with qualitative and quantitative telomerase assays, permits rapid and reliable detection of telomerase activity in diverse brain tumor tissues. These preliminary findings suggest that telomerase reactivation is a frequent event in glioma tumorigenesis that can be sensitively and specifically detected in gliomas of all histologic grades. Furthermore, specific detection of telomerase reactivation represents another mechanism by which tumor formation and progression might become the target of novel therapeutics.
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PMID:Telomerase activity in microdissected human gliomas. 995 Jan 61

p53 deficient mice have been found to be highly prone to develop tumors spontaneously. In particular, the thymic lymphoma was observed predominantly, which is not the case for p53-related tumorigenesis in human. To elucidate this differences, I tried to rescue the p53 deficient mice from lymphoma originated in thymus by allowing the p53 expression in their lymphocytes by using transgenic technique. They survived longer than the p53 deficient littermates. In addition, they developed various types of tumors including glioma, medulloblastoma and breast cancer, which have not been observed in p53 deficient mice.
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PMID:[Tissue specific rescue of lymphomas arose various types of tumors with p53-deficiency]. 1033 29

The degree of tumor malignancy generally correlates to tumor grade, and the direct measurement of tumor vasculature is desired. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging can provide relative cerebral blood volume and, therefore, is one of the most reliable methods to evaluate tumor vasculature in vivo. Tumor vessel size is extremely variable due to complex tumor angiogenesis, and the gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) technique, which is sensitive to the total vascular bed, is well suited for this purpose. As many studies have shown, dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging is more useful for grading glioma than conventional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that this technique can also provide supplementary information to differentiate between malignant lymphoma and glioma because the absence of tumor neovascularization of malignant lymphoma leads to low rCBV, which is in contrast to those of malignant gliomas. Indeed, this technique can be used for the differentiation of extra-axial tumors such as between meningioma and neurinoma. Recently, this technique has been focused toward determining the stereotactic biopsy site, monitoring the embolization of effect in meningioma, or evaluation of treatment effects after radiation therapy. However, the value of tumor rCBV is affected by many conditions such as the T1 relaxivity effects of gadolinium in the extravascular space. To establish the usefulness of this technique, further examination will be needed.
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PMID:Value of dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of intracranial tumors. 1055 26

Accurate evaluation of the retrobulbar orbit tumors and obtaining similar radiologic and histopathologic diagnosis are the most important for the therapeutic management. The authors analysed a group of 124 patients undergoing orbital CT exams and subsequently surgical procedure. They differentiated and described typical CT images of cavernous angioma, malignant lymphoma, optic glioma and dermoid cyst of orbit in correlation with the clinical data.
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PMID:[Computed tomography images of selected retrobulbar orbit tumors]. 1110 66

Background and Purpose: [F-18]FDG has long been used for detection of the malignant tumors and assessment of the metabolic activity of the tumors. However, there are several drawbacks of FDG including hyperglycemic effect, nonspecific uptake on inflammation, sink phenomenon due to high accumulation of FDG in urinary tract, and physiologic uptake of FDG in the bowels and muscles, which may cause false positive as well as false negative results. [C-11]acetate, as a metabolic substrate of beta-oxidation, precursors of amino acid, fatty acid and sterol, has been proved useful in detecting various malignancies. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of clinical application of [C-11]acetate in oncology.Methods: High quality whole body images could be obtained by using large dosage (20 mCi) of [C-11]acetate and modern PET scanner. In the recent years, [C-11]acetate PET studies have been performed in 513 patients with various malignancies.Results: The results showed that [C-11]acetate is more accurate in detecting meningioma (accuracy 97%), glioma (91%), nasopharyngeal cancer (93%), lymphoma (85%), non-small cell cancer (81%), colon cancer (78%), renal cell cancer (80%), ovarian cancer (76%), than in detecting small cell cancer of lung, thyroid cancer, and pancreas cancer. The advantages of [C-11]acetate are less time consuming (whole procedure completed within 45 min after injection), no hyperglycemic effect and no sink phenomenon. The disadvantages are increased uptake in salivary glands, pancreas, and sometimes the bowels, which may cause either false positive or false negative results, and on-site-cyclotron dependent.Conclusion: In summary, [C-11]acetate is clinically useful in detecting various malignant tumors clinically and may play a complementary role to FDG.
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PMID:31. Clinical Application of 1115 Jul 88

Tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are frequent; acoustic neuromas and meningiomas represent the great majority of such tumors. However, a large variety of unusual lesions can also be encountered in the CPA. The site of origin is the main factor in making a preoperative diagnosis for an unusual lesion of the CPA. In addition, it is essential to analyze attenuation at computed tomography (CT), signal intensity at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, enhancement, shape and margins, extent, mass effect, and adjacent bone reaction. CPA masses can primarily arise from the cerebellopontine cistern and other CPA structures (arachnoid cyst, nonacoustic schwannoma, aneurysm, melanoma, miscellaneous meningeal lesions) or from embryologic remnants (epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, lipoma). Tumors can also invade the CPA by extension from the petrous bone or skull base (cholesterol granuloma, paraganglioma, chondromatous tumors, chordoma, endolymphatic sac tumor, pituitary adenoma, apex petrositis). Finally, CPA lesions can be secondary to an exophytic brainstem or ventricular tumor (glioma, choroid plexus papilloma, lymphoma, hemangioblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor). A close association between CT and MR imaging findings is very helpful in establishing the preoperative diagnosis for unusual lesions of the CPA.
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PMID:Unusual lesions of the cerebellopontine angle: a segmental approach. 1125 5

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown cause and with a worldwide distribution. Involvement of the central nervous system occurs in a relatively small number of patients with sarcoidosis. Isolated neurosarcoidosis without signs of systemic disease is a rarity. Because of its non-specific clinical presentation and neuroradiological imaging characteristics, intracranial neurosarcoidosis remains a very difficult diagnosis, particularly in the absence of systemic signs of the disease. Intracranial neurosarcoidosis has a predilection for the basal leptomeninges commonly affecting the cranial nerves, but any part of the brain may be involved, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes. Cranial nerve involvement is the most common single symptom. Intracranial sarcoid manifests as nodular or diffuse leptomeningeal thickening and extraor intra-axial parenchymatous lesions. Intracranial sarcoid may mimic various forms of meningitis, including carcinomatous and intracranial mass lesions such as meningioma, lymphoma and glioma, based on neuroradiological imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is a very sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting intracranial abnormalities due to neurosarcoidosis. Lumbar puncture is useful in ruling out other neurological disorders, in particular infectious, but cerebrospinal fluid findings are not specific. Angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may be increased, decreased or normal. Therapy consists of immunosuppressive agents and should be initiated with corticosteroids. Other immunosuppressive drugs should be added in severe cases or after frequent recurrences. We review here all aspects of intracranial neurosarcoidosis from the clinical point of view, with special emphasis on presentation, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnostic considerations and treatment.
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PMID:Neurosarcoidosis: a review of its intracranial manifestation. 1143 56

Brain tumor incidence has increased over the last 20 years in all age groups, both overall and for specific histologies. Reasons attributed to these increases include increase in lymphoma due to HIV/AIDS, introduction of computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, and changes in coding/classification. The purpose of this study was to describe overall and histologic-specific incidence trends in a population-based series of primary benign and malignant brain tumors. Data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States from 1985 through 1994 were used to determine incidence trends in the broad age groups 0-19, 20-64, and > or = 65 years, both overall and for selected histologies. Poisson regression was used to express trends as average annual percentage change. Overall, incidence increased modestly (annual percentage change 0.9%, 95% confidence interval, 0.4, 1.4). When lymphomas were excluded, this result was not statistically significant (annual percentage change 0.5%, 95% confidence interval, -0.1, 1.1). Specific histologies that were increasing were lymphomas in individuals aged 20 to 64 years and in males aged 65 years or older, ependymomas in the population aged 20 to 64 years, nerve sheath tumors in males, and pituitary tumors in females. Increases that were not specific to any population subgroup were seen for glioblastoma, oligodendrogliomas, and astrocytomas, excluding not otherwise specified (NOS) tumors. Corresponding decreases were noted for NOS, astrocytoma NOS, and glioma NOS. Increasing incidence trends for lymphomas were consistent with previous literature. Improvements in diagnostic technology in addition to changes in classification and coding were likely to be responsible for decreases seen in incidence of NOS subgroups and corresponding increases in glioma subgroups. In contrast, the increases identified for ependymomas, nerve sheath tumors, and pituitary tumors were less likely to be artifacts of improvements in diagnosis, and they warrant further study.
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PMID:Trends in incidence of primary brain tumors in the United States, 1985-1994. 1146 94


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