Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 32 year old man affected by grade 1 astrocytoma of the right sylvian region and epileptic seizures, presented gustatory hallucinations as a post-ictal symptom. Spikes of very low voltage during sleep were the only epileptic abnormalities found on his EEG. It is suggested that post-ictal as well as ictal gustatory hallucinations may be a localizing symptom of glioma involving the sylvian region. Furthermore, if systematically searched for, sleep related microspikes may become an EEG sign useful for the diagnosis of brain tumour in patients with epileptic seizures and no epileptic discharges on the awake EEG.
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PMID:Post-ictal gustatory hallucination, sleep related microspikes and glioma of the sylvian region: report of a case. 373 1

A middle aged woman presented with delusions of infestation and multimodal hallucinations due to an underlying glioma of the corpus callosum. After surgery, the phenomena in question changed and finally disappeared. A recurrence of the tumour caused dementia.
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PMID:Of insects and eggs: a case report. 934 37

In diffuse brainstem gliomas often surgical biopsies cannot be obtained. The diagnosis relies upon imaging criteria, first line being MRI. Gliomas generally express somatostatin receptors (SSTR), which might enable receptor imaging. We present the case of a female adolescent with acute onset of hallucinations, dysphagia and diplopia. MRI detected a suggestive large pontine glioma. This lesion presented with marked In-111-pentreotide tracer uptake. SSTR-scan provided information about SSTR-expression, tumour viability and extension. Radiopeptide therapy for selected patients might be discussed.
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PMID:Somatostatin-receptor positive brain stem glioma visualized by octreoscan. 1762 56

SU5416 is a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the VEGF receptors 1 and 2. A phase I dose escalation study stratified by concurrent use (stratum II) or absence (stratum I) of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs was undertaken to estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and to describe the toxicity profile of SU5416 in pediatric patients with refractory brain tumors. Dose escalations were conducted independently for stratum I starting at 110 mg/m(2) while stratum II started at 48 mg/m(2). Thirty-three eligible patients were treated on stratum I (n = 23) and stratum II (n = 10). Tumor types included 23 glial tumors, 4 neural tumors, 4 ependymomas, and 2 choroid plexus carcinomas. The MTD in stratum I was initially estimated to be 110 mg/m(2). The protocol was amended to determine the MTD after excluding transient AST elevation. Re-estimation of the MTD began at the 145 mg/m(2) dose level but due to development of SU5416 being stopped by the sponsor, the trial was closed before completion. The most serious drug-related toxicities were grade 3 liver enzyme abnormalities, arthralgia, and hallucinations. The plasma pharmacokinetics of SU5416 was not significantly affected by the concurrent administration of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs. Mean values of the total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and terminal phase half-life of SU5416 for the 19 patients in stratum I were 26.1 +/- 12.5 l/hr/m(2), 41.9 +/- 21.4 l/m(2), and 1.11 +/- 0.41 hr, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetics of SU5416 in children was similar to previously reported findings in adult cancer patients. Prolonged disease stabilization was observed in 4 of 16 stratum I patients.
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PMID:Phase I study of SU5416, a small molecule inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in refractory pediatric central nervous system tumors. 1906 67

Individuals with epilepsy are at increased risk of having psychotic symptoms that resemble those of schizophrenia. More controversial and less searched is if schizophrenia is a risk factor for epilepsy. Here we review overlapping epidemiological, clinical, neuropathological and neuroimaging features of these two diseases. We discuss the role of temporal and other brain areas in the development of schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy. We underline the importance of ventricular enlargement in both conditions as a phenotypic manifestation of a shared biologic liability that might relate to abnormalities in neurodevelopment. We suggest that genes implicated in neurodevelopment may play a common role in both conditions and speculate that recently identified causative genes for partial complex seizures with auditory features might help explain the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These particularly include the leucine-rich glioma inactivated (LGI) family gene loci overlap with genes of interest for psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia. Finally, we conclude that LGI genes associated with partial epilepsy with auditory features might also represent genes of interest for schizophrenia, especially among patients with prominent auditory hallucinations and formal thought disorder.
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PMID:Schizophrenia and epilepsy: is there a shared susceptibility? 1936 84

Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory, and can be caused by psychiatric (such as schizophrenia and depression), neurological (such as cerebrovascular accidents, neoplasia, and infection), or endocrine and metabolic disorders. Musical hallucinations related to neurological disorders are rare. The authors present a case of a patient with a right insular glioma who developed transient musical hallucinations after microsurgical resection of the tumor.
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PMID:Musical hallucinations following insular glioma resection. 2012 44

BACKGROUND. The rarest location of pilocytic astrocytoma is intramedullary. Gliomas represent up to 24 - 30% of intramedullary tumors in adulthood and are second only after ependymomas. Leptomeningeal dissemination through cerebrospinal fluid is unusual and occurs predominantly in medulloblastomas, ependymoblastomas, central neuroblastomas, ependymomas, germ cell tumors and high-grade gliomas. The majority of spinal cord gliomas reporting metastasis were anaplastic astrocytomas or glioblastomas multiforme and relatively few were low-grade gliomas. The incidence of leptomeningeal spread of low-grade tumors is rare. A rare cranial extension of brain leptomeningeal dissemination in an intramedullary pilocytic astrocytoma during adulthood is reported. CASE REPORT. A 51 year-old-man with a recurrent intramedullary mass at C5-C7 level operated 4 times with all pathological anatomy reports describing the lesion as Pilocytic Astrocytoma developed, after 15 years from the diagnosis, visual hallucinations and his level of consciousness worsened to Glasgow coma score 13/15. The MRI showed highly enhanced cranial and spinal leptomeninges and paquimeninges with a micro nodular-granulomatous aspect associated with intense affectation of basal cisterns, subarachnoid spaces and convexity of both cerebral hemispheres suggestive of leptomeningeal spread of the spinal mass. The patient expired after three days. CONCLUSION. Leptomeningeal spread is a rare phenomenon and when it happens usually doesn't change the primary tumor's behavior. In our case the aggressiveness could be explained by a potential malignization of the primary tumor that it was not documented because of the partial resections from the lasts surgeries or instead the tumor was actually a monomorphous pilomyxoid tumor.
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PMID:[Leptomeningeal spread of an intramedullary cervical pilocytic astrocytoma: case report and literature review]. 2203 Nov 64

Antibodies against LGI1 (leucin-rich glioma-inactivated 1 protein) are associated with limbic encephalitis (LE), which is characterized by a favorable outcome following immunotherapy. Here, we present two cases, where antibodies against LGI1 were detected in the sera 36 and 53 months after acute LE, respectively, and none of the patients received immunotherapy. LE showed characteristics of LGI1 encephalitis in both cases, including low sodium content in the sera; disorientation, hallucination, short-term memory loss; and epileptic seizures. One patient had faciobrachial tonic seizures. MRI indicated bilateral inflammation of the hippocampus in one case. We reviewed longitudinal clinical and MRI data covering 53 and 36 months after LE without immunotherapy, respectively. Both patients became seizure-free and spontaneously recovered with mild/moderate cognitive impairment. No relapses have been observed. Follow-up brain MRI indicated early hippocampal sclerosis and global brain atrophy in one case characterized by more pronounced cognitive deficit. Memory and verbal fluency were affected most during the natural course of LGI1 encephalitis. LGI1 encephalitis had a monophasic course and spontaneously improved, suggesting that a relatively benign natural course may contribute to the favorable outcome observed after immunotherapy. Our data also indicate that LGI1 antibodies can be present in the sera without clinical disease activity.
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PMID:Natural course of LGI1 encephalitis: 3-5 years of follow-up without immunotherapy. 2492 80

Patients with primary intrinsic brain tumors can experience neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms that greatly affect daily life. In this review, we focus on changes in personality and behavior, mood issues, hallucinations, and psychosis, because these are either difficult to recognize, to treat, or are understudied in scientific literature. Neurobehavioral symptoms are common, often multiple, and causation can be multifactorial. Although different symptoms sometimes require a different treatment approach, we advise a comprehensive treatment approach, including pharmacological treatment and/or psychotherapy where appropriate. Further research is needed to obtain a better estimate of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in glioma patients, and the extent to which these affect everyday functioning and family life.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms in glioma patients: from diagnosis to management. 2608 69

We describe the case of a patient with confirmed limbic encephalitis associated with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies. A 59-year-old man presented to the Department of Neurology with bizarre behavior, memory loss, cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations, and myoclonus and facio-brachial dystonic seizures. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no hippocampal lesions. Blood tests showed hyponatremia. An electroencephalogram showed disorganization and slowing of background activity. Antiepileptic drugs were ineffective. The patient exhibited considerable improvement following immunotherapy. The diagnosis of limbic encephalitis associated with LGI1 antibodies should be considered in patients with clinical manifestations mimicking psychiatric disorders and in cases of refractory epilepsy especially with faciobrachial dystonic seizures. There is frequently hyponatremia, and cerebral MRI may be normal. Full recovery can be expected with early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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PMID:Limbic encephalitis associated with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 antibodies. 2614 44


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