Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data were analysed from 4859 patients with different histological types of intracranial glioma registered by the Norwegian Cancer Registry between 1955 and 1984. Glioblastoma comprised 57.9% of all cases. The second most common primary brain tumour was astrocytoma (19.0%), then mixed glioma (9.2%), oligodendroglioma (7.9%), medulloblastoma (3.1%) and ependymoma (2.9%). A primary brain tumour in a child is approximately twice as likely to be an astrocytoma as a medulloblastoma. The age-specific incidence for glioblastoma increases with age, whereas the incidence of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma peaks at middle age. Both glioblastoma and astrocytoma showed increased incidence rates over the study period and this was most pronounced in the age-group above 60 years. The prognosis for gliomas varied with age at time of diagnosis, generally being better the younger the patient. For oligodendroglioma patients, survival prospects were independent of age at time of diagnosis. The best prognosis was seen in patients up to 30 years with astrocytoma. Applied in epidemiology, the data indicate that astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, mixed glioma and ependymoma may be treated as a group which should be separated from both glioblastoma and medulloblastoma.
 ...
PMID:Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. III. Epidemiological characteristics of intracranial gliomas according to histology. 273 7

131I-labeled anti-glioma monoclonal antibody SZ-39 was injected intraperitoneally into nude mice bearing xenograft human glioma, ependymoma and intracranial metastatic adenocarcinoma. Subsequent gamma-imaging and assessment of radioactivity showed selective accumulation of antibody in the glioma. Quantitative autoradiography supported the results of radiolocalization observed in vivo in different brain tumors and normal tissues. It was also shown that antibody SZ-39 was specially localized to viable glioma cells and closely associated with their cell membrane. Yet, it was not bound to fibrous or necrotic areas. 131I-normal mouse IgG was distributed in a nonspecific pattern in the glioma. These studies demonstrated the specificity of SZ-39 in vivo which may be useful in clinical diagnostic guiding and treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Histologic distribution of anti-glioma monoclonal antibody SZ-39 in human xenograft brain tumors]. 280 47

Three cases are reported of primary bronchial carcinoma with metastatic deposits in an intracranial glioma (two cerebral astrocytomas and one fourth ventricle ependymoma). The rarity of this phenomenon is emphasised and the literature critically reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic carcinoma to glioma: a report of three cases with a critical review of the literature. 283 5

Papanicolaou-destained imprint smears from 24 brain tumors were investigated by means of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) with the use of monoclonal antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Positive staining reaction to GFAP antibody has been demonstrated in cells from the following tumors: astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, mixed glioma, and ependymoma. The reaction for GFAP was negative for the following tumors: medulloblastoma, neurilemmoma, melanoma, hemangioblastoma, and metastatic tumors. In astrocytoma, the cell bodies and processes were positive with delicate fibrillary patterns; in anaplastic astrocytoma, cytoplasm and the processes were intensively stained. In glioblastoma multiforme, the staining patterns were also mixed, and the short, thickened processes were characteristic. Use of both a smear preparation and the immunoperoxidase staining technique is of great value in diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in imprint smears of human brain tumors. 283 75

Tumour relapse rates in 14 patients with medulloblastoma, 8 with glioma, 2 with ependymoma, 6 with leukaemia, and 1 with T-cell lymphoma who received growth hormone (GH) treatment for growth failure secondary to cranial irradiation were compared with rates among patients treated with radical radiotherapy for the same types of tumour. Five relapses (in 5 patients) occurred (1 optic nerve glioma, 2 medulloblastomas, and 2 ependymomas), three during and two after completion of GH treatment. Patients with medulloblastoma and ependymoma who relapsed were older at tumour diagnosis, underweight at the start of GH therapy, and entered puberty later than similar relapse-free patients. The late relapse rate of medulloblastoma and glioma was unaltered by GH therapy. Ependymoma carries a poor prognosis, and of the 4 late survivors, the 2 who received GH relapsed. No leukaemic relapse has been associated with GH treatment. The findings indicate that GH therapy does not increase the relapse rate of medulloblastoma, glioma, and leukaemia.
 ...
PMID:Does growth hormone cause relapse of brain tumours? 288 31

Brain tumors are the second most common childhood malignancy. Between 1975 and 1985, 462 newly diagnosed patients were treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; 207 (45%) tumors arose in the posterior fossa and 255 (55%) appeared supratentorially. A wide variety of histological subtypes were seen, each requiring tumor-specific treatment approaches. These included primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 86, 19%), astrocytoma (n = 135, 30%), brainstem glioma (n = 47, 10%), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 32, 7%), and ependymoma (n = 30, 6%). Because of advances in diagnostic abilities, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, between 60% and 70% of these patients are alive today. Diagnostic tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow for better perioperative management and follow-up, while the operating microscope, CO2 laser, cavitron ultrasonic aspirator and neurosurgical microinstrumentation allow for more extensive and safer surgery. Disease specific treatment protocols, utilizing radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, have made survival common in tumors such as medulloblastoma. As survival rates increase, cognitive, endocrinologic and psychologic sequelae become increasingly important. The optimal management of children with brain tumors demands a multidisciplinary approach, best facilitated by a neuro-oncology team composed of multiple subspecialists. This article addresses incidence, classification and histology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, pre-, intra- and postoperative management, long-term effects and the team approach in posterior fossa tumors in childhood. Management of specific tumor types is included as well.
 ...
PMID:Pathology, treatment and management of posterior fossa brain tumors in childhood. 296 18

We experienced 22 cases of spinal intramedullary tumor, in which 5 cases were accompanied with exophytic growth. We discussed their clinical and radiological features, and therapeutic problems. Concerning the locations of tumors with exophytic growth, the most common site was conus medullaris, accounting for 60% (3 cases). Histopathological findings were astrocytoma in two cases, and in one case, mixed glioma, ependymoma and hemangioblastoma. In neurological observation, the most common initial symptom was back pain and lumbago, suggesting root pain. No neurological features distinguishable from those of extramedullary tumors were presented. In radiological examination, myelography and CT myelography were very helpful for diagnosis. Myelography and CT myelography showed extramedullary mass, shift and deformity of spinal cord that was not serious as compared with the size of extramedullary mass, and showed the portion where the spinal cord was swollen. Good outcomes were obtained in a case with total removal, and two cases with subtotal and partial removal that were managed with additional irradiation and chemotherapy. However recurrence and intracranial seeding made prognosis poor in two cases where total removal was impossible. We thought that postoperative careful follow-up was necessary not only to detect recurrence but also to detect intracranial seeding in the cases of spinal intramedullary tumor with exophytic growth.
 ...
PMID:[Spinal intramedullary tumor with exophytic growth]. 297 24

The case-history of a child with von Recklinghausen disease is described: The patient suffered the following tumors: Olfactory nerv meningeoma, optic nerv glioma, acoustic nerv neurinoma, intraventricular meningeomas, intraspinal ependymoma and peripheral neurinomas. The pathogenesis (neurocristopathy) and aetiology are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Unusual course of Recklinghausen disease in childhood--clinical and neuropathologic findings]. 308 44

Eflornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, and mitoguazone (MGBG), a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, were evaluated in a phase I-II study for patients with primary recurrent malignant brain tumors. All patients had failed prior radiation therapy and most had also failed prior chemotherapy. Two dose schedules were used, with the second schedule (Group II) a modification of the first schedule (Group I). The Group II schedule, with different dose levels, was better tolerated than the Group I schedule. Gastrointestinal and myelotoxicity were dose-limiting in most patients, and tinnitus was dose-limiting in two patients. Nineteen of 33 evaluable patients had anaplastic gliomas, in whom response was observed in 21%, stable disease in 53%, and immediate progression after one course of therapy in 26%. Of six patients with glioblastoma multiforme, two had brief stabilization of disease. An additional patient with brainstem glioma and ependymoma also had disease stabilization. Four patients with medulloblastoma, a spinal cord mixed glioma, and one with oligodendroglioma failed DFMO-MGBG. Based on this study, we believe that a combination of DFMO and MGBG is well-tolerated and deserves further evaluation for patients with anaplastic gliomas, particularly those that appear to be biologically slow growing.
 ...
PMID:Phase I-II study of eflornithine and mitoguazone combined in the treatment of recurrent primary brain tumors. 310 81

Carboplatin is one of a series of cisplatin analogs now undergoing clinical investigation. Phase I and II trials in adults demonstrate activity in a number of human cancers and less toxicity than might be expected with the parent compound. This phase I trial was undertaken to establish the maximum tolerated dose and the recommended phase II dose in children treated by a 1-hour iv infusion every 4 weeks. Twenty-nine patients with recurrent or progressive tumor were entered in this study at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago between April 12, 1983, and November 27, 1984. Beginning with a dose of 350 mg/m2 (about 80% of the adult phase II dose), we escalated the dose in groups of patients to 670 mg/m2; dose-limiting myelosuppression was encountered at this dose. Fifty-seven infusions are at least partially evaluable for toxicity. Asymptomatic hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and ototoxicity were observed infrequently, and nausea and vomiting were mild. One patient with a mixed glioma of the posterior fossa achieved a good partial response lasting 9 months. Stable disease for greater than or equal to 6 months was observed in three patients: one each with ependymoma, brain stem glioma, and spinal cord astrocytoma. The recommended pediatric phase II dose is 560 mg/m2 given as a 1-hour iv infusion every 4 weeks.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric phase I trial of carboplatin: a Childrens Cancer Study Group report. 331 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>