Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuraxis radiation therapy (RT) for primary intracranial tumors is associated with major late effects if administered to very young children. To control residual tumor and to delay RT, we treated eight young children (median age 6.5 months) with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors using combination chemotherapy: cisplatin, 20 mg/M2/day plus VP-16, 75 mg/M2/day i.v. for 5 days, given q. 3-6 weeks for 8 cycles. The tumors were medulloblastoma (one), malignant ependymoma (two), primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNET (two), malignant glioma (two), astrocytoma (one). Six had measurable disease; three had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathology. All patients with measurable tumor had initial objective responses (three) complete response [CR], one partial response [PR], two minor response [MR], including cytopathology (three CR of three) and metastatic deposits (two CR of two). One patient relapsed during chemotherapy. Median time to disease progression was 17.5 months; median survival was 34 months. Three patients, none of whom received RT, have prolonged progression-free intervals of 47-67 months to date. Neurodevelopmental progress continued during and after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy toxicity was mild. Median neutrophil nadir was 312/mm3, platelets 72,000. Fever during neutropenia occurred in six of 61 courses. Moderate high-frequency auditory losses were detected in three patients, and mild renal injury (GFR less than 70 ml/min) was detected in two of seven evaluable children. This pilot study demonstrates the apparent efficacy and mild toxicity of 5 day courses of cisplatin plus VP-16, with delayed RT, in young children with CNS neoplasms. A POG treatment protocol that incorporates cisplatin plus VP-16 is evaluating primary chemotherapy with delayed radiotherapy in larger numbers of pediatric brain tumor patients.
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PMID:Efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy using cisplatin plus etoposide in young children with brain tumors. 199 Feb 53

A multicenter phase I-II trial of intravenous (IV) human recombinant interferon beta (rIFN-beta; Betaseron; Triton Bioscience Inc, Almeda, CA) was conducted in children with recurrent or progressive primary brain and spinal cord tumors. A total of 29 patients were enrolled: high-grade astrocytoma (12), brainstem glioma (nine), and primitive neuroectadermal tumor (three), ependymoma (two), germ cell (two), and spinal cord astrocytoma (one). Betaseron was given by IV infusion over 30 minutes 3 times per week (Monday-Wednesday-Friday [MWF]). Four dose levels were studied, and at least three patients were entered at each dose level. The treatment plan began with a three-step dose escalation for each patient over 6 weeks (initiation phase). The dose-escalation schema for the four dose levels was: 50-100-200, 100-200-400, 200-300-500, and 300-400-600 x 10(6) (M) IU/m2. Patients experiencing an objective response or stable disease after 6 weeks entered the maintenance phase at the final escalated dose, ie, 200, 400, 500, or 600 mlU/m2 (MWF). Common transient effects included chills, fever, and fatigue. Dose-limiting toxicities were hematologic, hepatic, and CNS. The maintenance maximum-tolerable dose (MTD) was 500 mlU/m2, ie, dose level 3. Response was assessed at completion of the initiation phase and at 2-month intervals during the maintenance phase. Objective partial responses were seen in patients with high-grade astrocytoma (two) and brain-stem glioma (two). Thus, four of 21 (19%) assessable patients had partial responses for a median of 4 months. Eight patients had stable disease for a median of 5+ (2 to 14+) months. Antineoplastic activity has been identified in children with high-grade astrocytomas and brainstem gliomas in a dose-intensive regimen.
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PMID:Recombinant interferon beta: a phase I-II trial in children with recurrent brain tumors. 201 20

Seventy-five children with recurrent, progressive or metastatic primary brain tumors were treated with aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ; Diaziquone) at 9 mg/m2/day by 30-minute intravenous infusion for five days every three weeks. Sixty-six patients were evaluable for response by imaging studies. There were five partial responses and one complete response for a combined response rate of 9%. A complete response lasting for 35+ months occurred in one of twelve patients with metastatic or locally recurrent ependymoma. Objective responses were also seen in patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) (1/8), low-grade glioma (1/6), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (1/1). Stable disease of greater than six months duration was seen in patients with ependymoma, PNET and medulloblastoma. Profound and prolonged myelo-suppression was the significant toxicity observed. As administered in this study, AZQ has marginal activity and severe toxicity.
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PMID:A phase II study of diaziquone in children with recurrent or progressive primary brain tumors: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. 221 17

Between October 1985 and March 1988, Children's Cancer Study Group institutions entered 95 patients with recurrent brain tumors into a Phase II trial of carboplatin 560 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. Complete or partial responses were observed for one of 19 evaluable children with brainstem glioma, two of 14 with ependymoma, six of 19 with medulloblastoma or central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), and none of 15 with high-grade astrocytoma. Of 33 children with medulloblastoma, ependymoma, or central nervous system PNET, five of 12 with no prior cisplatin exposure had responses, and two of 21 with prior cisplatin exposure had responses (P = 0.03). Thirty-four percent of patients had absolute neutrophil count nadirs less than 500/microliters, and 37% had platelet count nadirs less than 25,000/microliters. Sixteen percent had moderate to severe otoxicity, 10% had nausea and vomiting, and none had nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Carboplatin in childhood brain tumors. A Children's Cancer Study Group Phase II trial. 224 86

Quantitative determination of human glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) obtained from 66 patients with a variety of neurological diseases was performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody (G-22). In this system, the minimum detectable amount of the antigen in the CSF was 8 ng/ml. It was demonstrated that CSF diagnosis of glioblastoma might be possible in the case of small tumors with a diameter of less than 2 cm. CSFs obtained from all 18 patients with glioma were positive and the level varied from 11.2 to 186.1 ng/ml. The antigen level in the cystic fluid of the tumor was higher than that in CSF. There was a tendency for the antigen level in CSF to be correlated with the tumor size and the type of histology. The malignant types of glioblastoma or medulloblastoma showed higher levels than the benign type of ependymoma and astrocytoma. Most types of non-gliomatous brain tumor were negative except immature teratoma, meningioma with central neurofibromatosis, and metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer. We also noted that tumor progression or regression of malignant glioma could be predicted by the monitoring of the antigen in the CSF.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glioma-associated antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and its usefulness for the diagnosis and monitoring of human glioma. 191 50

Recurrent low-grade gliomas in children were studied with special reference to correlation between the computed tomography (CT) scan and pathological findings at recurrence. During the past 16 years (1970-1986) 105 cases of primary pediatric brain tumors were treated in our hospital. Seventeen of these had low-grade glioma, seven of which (five astrocytomas, one ependymoma, and one subependymoma) had recurrence of tumor by the end of 1987. The enhanced CT findings were classified into three types--cystic, false cystic, and solid, according to Lapras' classification. The pathological findings of recurrent tumors were reviewed with particular attention to malignant transformation. The results showed that in two out of three cases where CT findings had changed from initial cystic to solid type at recurrence malignant transformation was revealed. Enhanced CT scan was also useful for detecting small asymptomatic recurrent tumors in children. On the other hand, surgical procedures and adjuvant therapies demonstrated no significant relationship with recurrence. It is suggested that the recurrence of low-grade glioma in children is not rare, and that changes in findings on contrast enhanced CT might reflect malignant transformation in a recurrent tumor, necessitating a careful follow-up.
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PMID:Recurrent low-grade glioma in children with special reference to computed tomography findings and pathological changes. 235 13

The peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique was used for localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VM) in 19 ependymal tumors in order to determine if a unique pattern of intermediate filament (IF) expression could be demonstrated. Cytokeratin (CK) immunoreactivity was examined in a subgroup of 7 tumors with papillary pattern. Nineteen non-ependymal neuroectodermal tumors were used as controls. Ependymomas, subependymomas and astrocytomas were positive for both IF. Oligodendrogliomas, oligodendroglial portions of mixed gliomas and the majority of medulloblastomas were negative for GFAP and VM. Areas of poor differentiation in all tumors demonstrated little expression of any IF. A composite ependymoma/choroid plexus papilloma showed the presence of GFAP, VM and CK in the papillomatous portion only. Four papillary ependymomas were negative for CK. This study emphasizes the parallel distribution of GFAP and VM in well differentiated ependymomas and other glial tumors and casts doubt upon the concept of VM as a marker for de-differentiation in neuroectodermal neoplasia.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical analysis of intermediate filaments in human ependymal tumors. 245 16

The present study determined which oncogenes (N-myc, c-myc, v-sis, or v-fos) were amplified and which messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA's) accumulated in 10 primary human brain tumors of neuroectodermal origin. The tumors included four glioblastomas multiforme, one mixed glioma (astrocytoma grade I and ependymoma), one astrocytoma grade II, one cystic cerebellar astrocytoma, one ependymoma, one ganglioglioma, and one medulloblastoma. The relative amounts of polyadenylated (poly(A)+) RNA's homologous to these genes and their copy number were determined using the RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid blot hybridization techniques. The N-myc and v-sis probes hybridized strongly to the poly(A)+ RNA from the same recurrent glioblastoma with gene amplifications (N-myc 80 copies; v-sis three to four copies). The c-myc probe hybridized strongly to the recurrent medulloblastoma without gene amplification. The amplification or abundant accumulation of mRNA's homologous to their oncogenes may be involved in tumorigenesis or the aggressiveness of these malignant brain tumors of neuroectodermal origin and may be good molecular indicators of an extremely malignant state in these tumors.
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PMID:Proto-oncogene analyses in brain tumors. 254 Dec 27

Information on pre-morbid height and weight from a national screening of tuberculosis between 1963 and 1975 was linked with the registrations in the population-based Norwegian Cancer Registry. For each case with a primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm, 10 matched controls were taken from the non-cases. Analyses were done by a Cox regression model for the total group of CNS neoplasms and the various histological groups. In the case of the total group, height emerged as a significant risk factor for both sexes. Within each sex, a similar trend was found for each histological group although statistical significance was retained only for glioblastoma among males and for other types of glioma (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, mixed glioma and ependymoma) for females. A significant negative association was revealed between Quetelet's index (weight/height squared) and 'other gliomas' in females. No association with body mass, as expressed by Quetelet's index, was found for patients with meningioma.
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PMID:Pre-morbid height and weight as risk factors for development of central nervous system neoplasms. 258 97

A retrospective review of 21 patients with lesions involving the fourth ventricle was performed to determine the relative capability of computed tomography (CT) and MR for detection, characterization, localization, and diagnosis. Lesions involving the fourth ventricle included ependymoma (three), subependymoma (one), glioma (five), cysticercosis cyst (three), medulloblastoma (three), bleeding into the fourth ventricle (two), epidermoid cyst (two), "trapped" fourth ventricle (one), and lymphomatoid granuloma (one). Posterior fossa lesions that displaced but did not invade the fourth ventricle were excluded. Lesion detectability on CT was judged excellent in ten, good in 8, and fair or poor in 3. Detectability of lesions by MR was judged excellent in 16 and good in 5. There was complete agreement on lesion extension between CT and MR in 6 lesions, mild disagreement in 4, and moderate to significant disagreement in 11. Preoperatively, MR alone correctly diagnosed seven lesions, and CT alone correctly diagnosed three lesions. A review of the combined scans (after the correct diagnosis was given) showed both CT and MR were equal in the diagnosis of 14 lesions, MR better than CT in six, and CT better in one. There was complete agreement on both CT and MR with the surgical/pathologic findings in three lesions. Both studies proved disappointing in their ability to make the correct histologic diagnosis, probably because CT and MR characteristics may not always offer a definitive diagnosis and because of the wide spectrum of pathologic processes that may involve the fourth ventricle.
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PMID:Lesions involving the fourth ventricle evaluated by CT and MR: a comparative study. 263 Aug 46


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