Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For 100 operated patients with malignant gliomas of the brain (63 malignant gliomas WHO grade IV--including 50 glioblastoma multiforme- and 37 astrocytomas WHO grade III-IV) the average survival time is 332 days. The survival rates show 6, 12 and 24 months after operation 55%, 32% and 12% of the patients alive. In addition to therapy there are some favourable prognostic factors: Young patients age at the onset of illness, localization in the non-dominant hemisphere, minor preoperative neurological deficit. On the other side unfavourable prognostic factors are: parietal localization (average survival time = 120 days), tumorous infiltration of the brain stem (average survival time = 143 days), preoperative clouding of consciousness (average survival time = 185 days). These factors influence survival time. The most important prognostic factor of therapy is the extent of operation: In case of macroscopical total resection of the tumor the mean survival time amounts to 554 days as compared to 202 days in subtotal tumor resection. The well known positive influence of postoperative radiation therapy is demonstrated by the high mean survival time of 456 days. In case of recurrent operation of the tumor (28 patients), the average survival time amounts to 443 days. In contrast to the literature our own analysis shows no prognostic value of histological variants in case of malignant glioma WHO grade IV. Two patients, whose histological slide preparations were neuropathologically graded a second time independent from the first view (1 anaplastic ependymoma WHO grade III and 1 glioblastoma multiforme WHO grade IV), are still alive more than 8 years after operation without any neurological deficit.
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PMID:[Malignant brain glioma--a catamnestic study of 100 operated patients]. 165 65

The MR examinations in 25 patients with intramedullary tumors were analyzed. Seven patients were diagnosed with astrocytoma, 6 ependymoma, 2 unspecified glioma, 3 medulloblastoma, 2 metastasis, one neurinoma, and one teratoma. In 3 patients the diagnosis was uncertain. The tumors frequently involved a large portion of the cord and were often accompanied by intratumor necrosis, cystic degeneration, and edema, which was well demonstrated on MR. Gd-DTPA was used in 6 patients and was helpful in separating solid tumor components from cysts and edema. It was difficult to separate different kind of tumors based on morphologic and signal characteristics on MR. Some prominent features could, however, be distinguished. Complete cystic degeneration was more common in astrocytomas than in other tumors, and ependymomas frequently had a heterogeneous signal pattern on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The single teratoma had a characteristic content of fat and calcification, and the melanoma had a signal pattern consistent with blood. CSF pathway spread in cases of medulloblastoma was demonstrated by ill-defined contour of the cord and CSF or tumor nodules on the surface of cord and nerve roots.
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PMID:MR imaging of spinal intramedullary tumors. 166 Feb 97

Cultured cells of explants from 23 human gliomas (seven astrocytomas, eleven anaplastic astrocytomas, three ependymal tumors and two medulloblastomas) were studied to examine cell morphology and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, fibronectin, and N-myc oncoprotein. The most common antigenic phenotype consisted of cells that were GFAP-positive and fibronectin-positive. Both low and high grade astrocytomas retained GFAP expression after several passages in vitro. The establishment of glial tumors in vitro may not necessarily result in loss of GFAP expression early in passage nor is expression of GFAP and fibronectin mutually exclusive. N-myc oncoprotein was seen in only two specimens, one anaplastic astrocytoma and one ependymoma.
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PMID:Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, fibronectin, and N-myc oncoprotein in primary human brain tumor cell explants. 166 98

Of 100 children with supratentorial gliomas (excluding gliomas of the anterior visual pathways) treated at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from 1980 to 1990, 34 had malignant gliomas. Follow-up was adequate in 33 of these patients, and an antemortem diagnosis of dissemination of the malignant glioma via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was made in 11. Of these 11, 8 were boys and 3 were girls; they ranged in age from 17 months to 16 years at the time of diagnosis of the primary glioma. The distribution of histological types was as follows: glioblastoma multiforme, 4; malignant oligodendroglioma, 3; anaplastic astrocytoma, 2; malignant mixed glioma, 1; and malignant ependymoma, 1. The interval between diagnosis and CSF dissemination ranged from 1 week to 59 months (median, 8 months). Survival after dissemination ranged from 3 weeks to 11 months (median, 4 months). Two patients were alive 5 and 3 months after diagnosis of dissemination, respectively. These 11 patients were compared with the other 22 patients who did not have CSF dissemination. The risk factors for dissemination suggested by our data were male sex, ventricular operative entry, multiple resections, and malignant oligodendroglioma. Because of the high incidence (33%) of CSF dissemination, postoperative evaluation of the craniospinal axis with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging should be performed on all children with supratentorial malignant gliomas. Moreover, since the mortality is extremely high once dissemination has occurred, craniospinal irradiation should be considered in children with one or more of the above risk factors, even before symptoms or definite radiological evidence of CSF dissemination emerge.
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PMID:Dissemination of supratentorial malignant gliomas via the cerebrospinal fluid in children. 173 57

From 1981 to 1989 there were 43 from 154 cases of metastatic brain tumors, which seeded along the CSF pathways found in the Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital Medical School, Bangkok. These seeding tumors were spread from both primary intracranial (25 cases) and extracranial neoplasms (18 cases). Among the primary intracranial tumors, pineal neoplasm was the most frequent site (48%). The next rank was ependymoma (20%), medulloblastoma (16%), glioma (12%) and others (4%). The majority of extracranial neoplasms that seed in the CSF pathways were malignancy of lung (44.4%), choriocarcinoma (22%) and breast (11%). Lateral ventricle was the most frequent site of seeding (65%). The remaining tumors seeded in cisterns, leptomeninge and spinal subarachnoid space. CT is sensitive in detecting seeding tumors but not specific for each type of tumor.
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PMID:CT findings of seeding tumors. 174 32

Biopsy specimens of 19 human gliomas (10 glioblastomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 astrocytomas, one mixed glioma, one oligodendroglioma and one ependymoma) were examined for amplification of tumour-related genes located on chromosome 7: the proto-oncogene c-erb-B1 (encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR], the proto-oncogene c-met, the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene, and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene. Gene amplification was observed in 6 glioblastomas, and the EGFR gene was the only chromosome-7-gene examined that was amplified. The selective EGFR gene amplification in human glioblastomas suggests its potential role in the progression of some of these tumours.
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PMID:Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human gliomas. 177 45

Updating a previous report, the authors offer a review of 45 patients between age 2 and 63 treated by direct surgical excision for brainstem tumours of various description. Since 1986 all candidate patients were examined by NMR imaging in addition to CT scanning, sometimes with the further addition of digital-subtraction vertebral angiography. By Epstein and McLeary's criteria, 24 of the tumours were focal, 12 were cervicomedullary and 9 were diffuse. The most frequent histological diagnosis was glioma (36 cases between low-grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma); the balance was provided by cavernoma (6 cases), haemangioblastoma (2 cases), and lipoma (2 cases). Gross total resection was achieved in 28 patients, namely all those with ependymoma or vascular tumours and 14 of 17 with low-grade astrocytoma. Resection was subtotal in 16 cases and confined to a generous biopsy in one. There was no operative mortality, but 2 deaths occurred in the early postoperative period. At discharge, neurological status was unchanged or improved in 35 cases. At 3-month follow-up examination, 12 patients were improved, 27 were unchanged and 3 were worsened. By January 1990 (6 to 72 months postoperatively) 27 of the first 40 patients treated were alive: 13 had resumed normal life, 6 were self-sufficient and 8 were disabled. The authors conclude that present-day microsurgical resection of intra-axial brainstem tumours is associated with low mortality and morbidity and affords favourable results for which they credit high-quality NMR imaging, efficient microsurgery, adequate anesthesia, and competent postoperative intensive care.
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PMID:Direct surgery for brainstem tumours. 180 73

The immunohistochemical distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein (S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100 alpha (+) and/or S-100 beta (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100 alpha (+) and S-100 beta (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (-)]; medulloblastoma malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100 beta immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100 beta than for S-100 alpha with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100 beta immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100 alpha varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100 alpha and S-100 beta might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors. 188 40

Advances in the surgical management of central nervous system neoplasms have been reported in several areas including the skull base, the spine and the stereotaxic applications in neurosurgery. A national survey of patterns of care for brain tumor patients contributed data on 11,185 patients, 97% of whom underwent surgery. Stereotaxic-guided craniotomies are providing added accuracy and shortened operative time and length of hospitalization, while the stereotaxic implantation of I125 seeds for recurrent high grade glioma has resulted in prolongation of survival between 54 and 81 weeks. Radiosurgery is being applied with increasing frequency and remarkable success in the management of skull base tumors, acoustic neuroma, and brain metastasis. The two prototypes used are the Gamma-knife and the linear accelerator-based multiple converging arcs technique. In the area of the skull base, significant anatomical details have been provided. Historical facts and clinical series related to the management of meningiomas and acoustic neuromas are reviewed. Spinal cord ependymoma is a surgically curable tumor as reported in a series of twenty-three patients followed for a mean of 62 months, and a randomized study has established the superiority of surgical resection for single brain metastasis as compared to the results obtained with radiation therapy alone.
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PMID:Neurosurgery issues in oncology. 189 15

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and possible contribution of silver stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) to prognostic considerations, in a series of 55 supratentorial gliomas: eight grade II astrocytomas, twelve grade III astrocytomas, thirty grade IV astrocytomas, two glioblastomas, one anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one oligodendroglioma and one ependymoma. Silver NORs (AgNORs) were demonstrated according to the method of Crocker et al. A difference between AgNOR sizes in peritumor and tumor tissue is noted. The mean NOR numbers in the tumor areas range from 0.871 to 2.677, without overlap between peritumor gliosis and glial tumors. A comparative analysis reveals significant correlations between the mean NOR number per nucleus and histological grading. This technique can play a practical role in the diagnosis and grading of tumors sampled by stereotactic biopsies: a count higher than 0.8 is highly suggestive of malignancy. In addition, the distribution of NORs may be important: intratumoral heterogeneity expresses various degrees of transcriptional activity between different glial tumors of the same grade. This technique provides information about the biological behaviour of glial tumors supplementary to that obtained from growth fraction analysis.
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PMID:[Value of the nucleolar organizers (AgNOR) in brain gliomas]. 192 77


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