Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six cases of symptomatic parasellar granular cell tumor (pituicytoma, myoblastoma, choristoma) are reported. The clinical presentations included visual loss, dementia, and adenohypophyseal insufficiency. Lack of calcification and a suprasellar blush on angiography often help to differentiate these lesions from craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, and optic glioma. These are the first cases studied by computed tomographic scan, which shows a high density, sharply demarcated lesion in the suprasellar region with dense, frequently homogeneous contrast enhancement. At operation these are characteristically tough, nonsuckable, vascular tumors. All previously reported patients with long survival (seven cases) have been contacted recently. The data do not support a role for postoperative radiation therapy. The surgical goal should be limited to decompression of the suprasellar if total excision seems too hazardous.
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PMID:Symptomatic parasellar granular cell tumors. 625 52

The diagnosis of malignant glioma of the optic nerves and chiasm may be difficult because these rare lesions may mimic other suprasellar lesions. We report a case of glioblastoma multiforme of the optic chiasm in which the appearance of the lesion on computed tomographic (CT) scan was consistent with that of craniopharyngioma or cystic pituitary adenoma. We suggest that malignant optic glioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an adult with progressive visual loss of rapid onset, even when ophthalmological examination strongly suggests extrinsic compression of the anterior optic pathways and when the CT scan apparently indicates a cystic mass lesion.
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PMID:Malignant optic glioma presenting radiologically as a "cystic" suprasellar mass: case report and review of the literature. 629 50

Four cases of subdural effusion following radical surgery for the chiasmal region tumors in childhood were presented in this report. Three out of four cases were craniopharyngioma and the remaining one was optic glioma. The pathogenetic mechanisms of this disorder were explained probably and at least partly by a change from internal to external hydrocephalus or craniocerebral disproportion due to cerebral atrophy in two of the four cases and unclear in the remaining two cases. In all four cases meningitis did not supervene postoperatively. The subdural effusion may be divided into two types according to symptomatology, i.e., "serious type" which presents with severe symptoms and "mild-type" which is virtually asymptomatic. The serious type required immediate surgical procedure, such as continuous subdural drainage and subduroperitoneal shunt, while the mild type should be carefully monitored for the course of subdural effusion by CT scan.
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PMID:[Subdural effusion following radical surgery for chiasmal region tumors in children--report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. 723 33

This paper reviews the clinical presentation, neuro-ophthalmologic, endocrinologic, and radiographic findings of 74 children (0-20 years) harboring parasellar lesions who were treated on our service between 1968 and 1977. Our data support the conclusion that earlier diagnosis is occurring, although there is still a significant lag between onset of symptoms and treatment, especially in histologically benign lesions. The differential diagnosis is facilitated by recognition of key features of four major tumor types: craniopharyngioma, parasellar glioma, germinoma, and pituitary adenoma.
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PMID:Parasellar tumors in children. I. Clinical presentation, preoperative assessment, and differential diagnosis. 743 33

Despite the predominance of histologically benign tumors in the parasellar region of children, their proximity to the hypothalamus, optic nerves and tracts, and the internal carotid artery and its branches often renders surgical removal exceptionally difficult. The possible presence of a variety of tumor types makes biopsy verification of tumor diagnosis essential. The surgical management, radiotherapeutic treatment, and clinical follow-up of a group of 74 children whose preoperative findings were reviewed in the preceding paper are presented to illustrate the management of four major tumor types encountered: craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, germinoma, and diencephalic glioma. Both subfrontal and transsphenoidal surgical approaches were used. Although total resection of benign tumors is desirable, prudent use of a variety of techniques can achieve effective neurosurgical management and optimal long-term results.
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PMID:Parasellar tumors in children. II. Surgical management, radiation therapy, and follow-up. 743 34

A thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the sellar region is prerequisite to understanding the symptoms and the pathophysiology of diseases in this area. The differential diagnoses of sellar and parasellar lesions includes pituitary tumor, craniopharyngioma, carotid aneurysm, empty sellar syndrome, metastatic tumor, optic or hypothalamus glioma, meningioma, chordoma, mucocele, and bony tumor of the sphenoid sinus. The preoperative evaluation should encompass the consultations of an endocrinologist, an ophthalmologist, and a neurosurgeon.
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PMID:Sellar lesions. 744 62

Myelin basic protein (MBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with brain tumors and other neurological diseases was measured before, during and after various treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and irradiation. We assessed the significance of changes in the MBP levels during the course of treatment, and speculate on what the elevated level of MBP in brain tumor patients indicates. In meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors, meningeal carcinomatosis from cancer of the systemic organ showed the highest level of MBP followed by meningeal gliomatosis and meningeal lymphoma. Meningeal carcinomatosis and meningeal lymphoma, which have responded to chemotherapy, showed normal levels of MBP after chemotherapy. Six of eight patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma showed moderate to high levels of MBP (range 4.6-35.5ng/ml) just before intraarterial chemotherapy with VP-16 and CDDP. The level increased in five patients during the course of chemotherapy and then decreased in relation to the degree of tumor reduction by chemotherapy. In the solid type of metastatic brain tumor, five of seven patients with multiple tumors showed high levels of MBP and these levels also returned to normal after treatment in four patients. As for the influence of irradiation, levels of MBP did not increase after irradiation except in three patients who developed radiation necrosis, local extensive edema or atrophic change. In other brain tumors, levels of MBP were high in a patient with a large meningioma with very extensive edema and during an unstable postoperative condition after total removal of a large craniopharyngioma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Myelin basic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological disease: especially with malignant brain tumors]. 750 61

The ability of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to diagnose brain tumors was investigated using in vitro high-resolution spectra. Fifty-eight surgically excised samples of brain tumors (12 glioblastomas, 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 6 astrocytomas, 12 meningiomas, 6 neurinomas, 4 chordomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 pituitary adenomas, 2 malignant lymphomas, 1 ependymoma, 1 medulloblastoma, and metastatic brain tumors including 3 pulmonary adenocarcinomas, a hepatocellular carcinoma, and a renal cell carcinoma) and 4 nontumorous lobectomized brains were examined by in vitro 1H MRS. N-Acetyl-aspartate was demonstrated in normal tissues but could not be detected in nonneuroectodermal tumors. Total creatine was decreased in all brain tumors in comparison with normal brain tissues, but was relatively higher in neuroectodermal tumors than in other brain tumors. Choline-containing compounds were present in all tumors except craniopharyngioma, and their concentrations were particularly high in a metastatic brain tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma. The concentration of glycine was high in neuroectodermal tumors, whereas that of taurine was high in medulloblastoma, pituitary adenoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Alanine was increased in meningioma, glioma, and pituitary adenoma. Neurinoma had the largest inositol content among the tumors examined. Thus each type of brain tumor exhibited a characteristic MR spectrum. These data suggested that in vivo 1H MRS might provide clinically useful information about tumor metabolism and aid in the differential diagnosis of tumors. Although excellent anatomical localization of tumors can be readily obtained by MR imaging, MRS may provide additional information in cases in which the differential diagnosis of tumors by MR imaging is difficult.
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PMID:Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors: an in vitro study. 780 3

Neuronavigators are new dynamic interactive instruments that use on-line computers to orient imaging data to the surgical field and guide the neurosurgeon to his target. We have been working since 1987 on a neuronavigator that serves not only as a precise pointer, but also as a dynamic arm that can be used to hold instruments, such as biopsy guides. The neuronavigator arm consists of six joints with optical encoders and is attached to the Mayfield headholder. The arm is connected to a workstation running customized 3D image graphics software. Special instruments and surgical technique have been developed. Here, we report on early clinical experience with ten biopsy procedures: 4 low-grade and 3 high-grade astrocytomas, one craniopharyngioma and one chronic intracerebral haematoma and intracerebral cyst, both of the latter with surrounding tumour suspect tissue. In all glioma cases serial biopsies were taken from optimal sites under ultrasound imaging control. Eight cases showed representative tumour tissue, while in two cases neoplasia was ruled out. The neuronavigator proved to be versatile, allowing comprehensive imaging data to be adapted to the surgical field.
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PMID:Neuronavigator-guided cerebral biopsy. 810 7

A 20-year-old man received 60 Gy of radiation therapy after partial removal of craniopharyngioma. The patient had been well and follow-up CT scans did not show any aggravation for 16 years. Since his activity gradually diminished, he underwent an MRI at the age of 36 which revealed an abnormal mass on the corpus callosum. The mass lesion progressively enlarged thereafter, and was diagnosed as anaplastic astrocytoma by a stereotactic biopsy. He was treated with interferon, however, died at the age of 37. Review of literature disclosed 19 other cases of glioma following radiation therapy for sellar/parasellar tumors. Characteristic features of these cases included 1) lowness of age compared to common glioma cases, 2) tendency to be malignant, 3) tendency to occur in areas where significant doses of radiation had been received previously.
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PMID:[A case of paraventricular anaplastic astrocytoma following radiation therapy for craniopharyngioma]. 816 2


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