Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28-year old man presented with decreased vision and a bitemporal hemianopia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated what appeared to be an enlarged optic chiasm and, on T2-weighted images, hypersignal extending along the optic tracts. This was felt to represent an intrinsic chiasmal mass, most likely a chiasmal glioma. Biopsy specimens from the first craniotomy were nondiagnostic. With continued visual failure, the patient underwent a second operation, and the correct diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was established. This article emphasizes the difficulties encountered with neuroradiologic evaluation and histopathologic study of craniopharyngioma.
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PMID:Craniopharyngioma: pitfalls in diagnosis. 162 74

The immunohistochemical distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein (S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, respectively) in 138 cases of human brain tumors was investigated by the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Brain tumors can be divided into four groups: group 1 [S-100 alpha (+) and/or S-100 beta (+)]; astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, subependymoma, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma, gangliocytoma, meningioma, chordoma, malignant melanoma. Group 2 [S-100 alpha (+) and S-100 beta (-)]; pineoblastoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, rhabdomyosarcoma. Group 3 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (+)]; acoustic Schwannoma. Group 4 [S-100 alpha (-) and S-100 beta (-)]; medulloblastoma malignant lymphoma, germinoma. The S-100 beta immunoreactivity pattern in brain tumors was similar to those obtained using conventional anti-S-100 protein sera. In the first group of brain tumors both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were generally greater for S-100 beta than for S-100 alpha with a few exceptions including one gemistocytic astrocytoma, one subependymoma, one malignant melanoma, and some cases of glioblastomas. As to the relationship between malignancy and S-100 protein in glioma, S-100 beta immunoreactivity decreased according to degree of malignancy, while that of S-100 alpha varied, suggesting a heterogeneity of tumor cells in glioblastomas. Immunostaining for S-100 alpha and S-100 beta might become a useful diagnostic procedure in brain tumors and may give us more detailed and precise data of S-100 protein in brain tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 protein in brain tumors. 188 40

Multiplanar capability and superior tissue contrast differentiation render magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the preferred method for examining patients with pituitary axis dysfunction or visual field deficits. In a review of 131 sellar or juxtasellar abnormalities, 76% were common lesions with distinctive features that helped establish their diagnosis: macroadenoma (n = 51), microadenoma (n = 20), meningioma (n = 14), craniopharyngioma (n = 10), and aneurysm (n = 5). On T1-weighted images, microadenomas were usually hypointense relative to normal pituitary gland, and macroadenomas and meningiomas were isointense relative to gray matter. Both microadenomas and meningiomas were more conspicuous immediately after contrast material administration. Craniopharyngiomas were the most heterogeneous of all the sellar lesions due to their cystic and solid components. MR images of aneurysms showed flow void and heterogeneous increased signal intensity in areas of slower turbulent flow. Other characteristics such as extrasellar versus intrasellar location, nature of contrast material enhancement, the presence of cystic components, and clinical findings permitted differentiation among less common lesions, including granulomatous disease, metastases, chiasmatic glioma, arachnoid cyst, hypothalamic glioma, schwannoma, germinoma, epidermoid, Rathke cyst, chordoma, chondrosarcoma, colloid cyst, and hamartoma.
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PMID:MR imaging of the sellar and juxtasellar regions. 194 11

We performed percutaneous aspiration of 21 brain tumor cysts in 20 patients using the Ommaya reservoir system. Ages ranged from 3 to 70 years, median 48. Sixteen were primary tumors (12 anaplastic glioma, 2 craniopharyngioma, 1 oligodendroglioma, 1 brainstem glioma) and 4 were metastatic. Fourteen had the CT appearance of a true cyst and 7 a pseudocyst. We placed 18 catheters through twist drill holes via CT stereotactic guidance and 3 through burr holes via CT guidance and effectively aspirated 3 to 50 ml cyst fluid from 1 to 18 times in each patient. Postaspiration CT showed complete or significant reduction in cyst size in all patients in whom it was performed (18 after initial aspiration and 9 after subsequent aspirations). Asymptomatic intracyst hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients after cyst wall biopsy and catheter placement. There have been no other complications at follow-up of 4 to 114 weeks. In our experience, tumor cyst aspiration by the Ommaya reservoir system is as effective as percutaneous needle aspiration, but after catheter placement aspiration can be performed with minimal technical skill, avoiding repeated CT guidance required for needle aspiration of recurrent deep-seated cysts.
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PMID:Percutaneous aspiration of brain tumor cysts via the Ommaya reservoir system. 199 76

Thirty-seven patients with craniopharyngioma were treated at Children's Hospital, Boston, between 1972 and 1981, the mean follow-up period now being 10.5 years. Twenty of these patients are old enough to have finished high school and have been queried about their college or job activity. None of the four patients who had undergone radical excision of their tumor and who had reached the age of finishing high school was able to work independently. Among the 16 patients who reached this age and who were treated by more conservative operations and irradiation or irradiation alone, job performance or college attendance varied considerably, indicating that psychosocial impairment occurred in this group, but suggesting that the risk was less. The rate of tumor recurrence or of failure to respond to treatment was 57% (four of a total of seven survivors) following radical surgery and 7% (two of 27 survivors) after conservative operations and irradiation. The overall mortality rate was 8%; the causes of the three deaths were: "hypothalamic crisis" 1 year after radical resection; progressive tumor growth despite two attempts at resection and irradiation; and a brain-stem glioma in the field of irradiation 8 years after treatment.
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PMID:Craniopharyngiomas in children. Long-term effects of conservative surgical procedures combined with radiation therapy. 203 40

From may 1986 to July 1988 ten patients have been treated by interstitial implantation of radioactive isotopes using Yttrium 90 colloidal solution (9 cases) and Aurum 198 grains (1 case). There were 7 cystic out of 8 craniopharyngiomas, one malignant pituitary adenoma and one hemispheric Astrocytoma grade III-IV. In all but one patient the tumors were recurrent after one or more reductive or palliative operations. To external radiation undervent preoperatively two cases (one craniopharyngioma and one pituitary adenoma). Target volume was established by CT data and X-ray studies after stereotaxic injection of contrast medium (one case). Doses for intracystic irradiation were calculated using the Backlund's formula. The lowest activity was calculated to be 3.84 mCi, and the highest 12.9 mCi (m 6.8 mCi or 252 MBq). The delivered activity was 100-200 Gy of Y90 (m 140 Gy). The activity of Au198 was determined using the producers dosimetric tables. The radionuclide implantation was performed by stereotaxic techniques with Leksell's system in 5 patients. In 5 patients the surgical procedures were open: 3 osteoplastic supratentorial and 2 craniectomies for direct instillation of Y90 into the craniopharyngiomatous cavities spread to posterior fossa. Early short lasting side effects of endocavitary irradiation were observed in 5 patients (headache and somnolence; adynamy, pseudobulbar symptoms and rigor; insomnia and agressiveness; lack of orientation and increased mental irritability). The longest follow up was 26 months. The clinical response to intracystic instillation of Y90 was very favorable in 8 cases: 7 craniopharyngiomas and one pituitary adenoma. A satisfactory anatomical result with diminution or retraction of cystic cavities was evident in all cases. The more pronounced achievement of intracystic irradiation therapy in our series were the effects on stabilization or recuperation of vision and on improvement of visual field finding. The recovery of endocrine insufficiency was also noted. Two patients died: the 3-year old child, one year after implantation of Au198 grains in a huge calcified craniopharyngioma, and a woman, 67 old, twelve days after Y90 instillation to a hemispheric glioma grade III-IV.
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PMID:[Implantation of radioactive isotopes in intracranial tumors]. 248 66

From 1965 to 1984, ten patients with suprasellar or pituitary tumors received repeat courses of radiation therapy at the Joint Radiation Oncology Center of the University of Pittsburgh. The radiation doses varied between 36.00 to 53.65 Gy for the first treatment course and from 35.00 to 49.60 Gy for retreatment. Six patients were treated for pituitary tumors, two for germinoma, one for optic glioma, and one for craniopharyngioma. One died of disease progression 19 years after a second course of radiation. Two patients were dead of intercurrent disease 0.2 and 1.5 years after repeat radiation. The remainder are free of disease progression 1.6 to 20.5 years after repeat irradiation. Optic neuropathy developed in one patient 1.3 years following a second course of treatment to 40 Gy in 20 fractions administered 7.5 years after initial treatment to 46 Gy in 23 fractions. Neither the Nominal Standard Dose nor the Neuret formula provided an adequate estimate of the repair of radiation. An estimation that 40% of the original radiation dose effect is still present appears to be a reasonable "rule of thumb" guideline to account for prior radiotherapy.
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PMID:Repeat megavoltage irradiation of pituitary and suprasellar tumors. 250 Dec 42

Coronal computed tomography findings in 30 cases of skull and brain diseases, including glioma 6 cases, meningioma 4 cases, acoustic neurinoma 3 cases, intraorbital tumor 3 cases, paranasal sinus tumor 3 cases, pituitary adenoma 2 cases, craniopharyngioma 2 cases, nasopharyngeal carcinoma 2 cases, empty sella 1 case, subdural hematoma 1 case, infarction 1 case, subarachnoid cyst 1 case, and metastasis 1 case are reported. The results show that as an adjunct to the axial computed tomography coronal CT scan provides valuable additional diagnostic informations. Coronal CT methods are also discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic evaluation of coronal CT scan in skull and brain diseases]. 259 38

Ninety-one patients with parasellar lesions proved by pathology and surgery from July 1982 to May 1987 and 22 patients misdiagnosed clinically or by CT are reported. The authors found that: 1. Besides the main group of parasellar lesions such as pituitary tumor, meningioma, and craniopharyngioma, some rare disease like glioma, pituitary carcinoma, chordoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, Rathke's pouch and tuberculoma of optic nerve were also found which comprised 12% (11/91) in this series. They should be considered in differential diagnosis; 2. Correct diagnosis was made when CT findings conformed well with the clinical features. Over-emphasis of clinical features or neglect of CT findings should be discouraged as they may lead to erroneous diagnosis; 3. In this series, the highest correct diagnosis rates were: pituitary tumor (95%), parasellar meningioma (78%) and craniopharyngioma (50%). It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis for these rare disease entities before operation; and 4. CT scan cannot completely replace angiography and ventriculography when they are needed for differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[CT scan and clinical diagnosis of parasellar lesions--analysis of 91 cases]. 262 13

Between July 1983 and July 1986, 109 consecutive patients affected by brain tumors and selected for stereotactic biopsy underwent in vitro investigation of cell kinetics. The potential proliferative activity of these different neoplasms, evaluated as in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI), has been determined in 46 mature astrocytomas, 19 anaplasic astrocytomas, 25 glioblastomas, 5 cystic craniopharyngiomas, 6 metastatic tumors, 4 primary C.N.S. lymphomas, 3 pineal germinomas and one choroid plexus papilloma. The relevance of LI on prognosis has been evaluated in 35 patients affected by glial tumors with adequate follow-up longer than 2 years. This retrospective study allowed us to demonstrate the prognostic value of LI in mature astrocytoma and anaplasic astrocytoma series. The feasibility of LI determination by in vitro procedure has been demonstrated also in non-neuroectodermal tumors. In craniopharyngioma the LI investigations allowed to demonstrate a peculiar topographic arrangement of cells in S phase.
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PMID:Cell kinetic investigations in brain tumors studied by serial stereotactic biopsy. 268 84


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