Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of 346 glioma patients operated on in the years 1969-1983, the frequency of epileptic seizures and their importance for the diagnosis as well as the causes of the delay in clearing up the clinical picture were ascertained. Of the 226 patients with an astrocytoma, 51.5 per cent had one or several epileptic fits in the pre-operative period. For the 99 glioblastoma patients, the seizure rate was 33.7 per cent and for the 21 patients with an oligodendroglioma it was 69 per cent. Although in about 80 per cent of the cases epileptic fits were the first symptom of the disease, this important clinical sign led in only 30 per cent to a causal treatment. In another 20 per cent of the courses, the final clarification was initiated by an increase in the frequency of the fits or a change of the kind of the fit. In the remaining 50 per cent of the glioma patients it was only after the additional occurrence of neurological disturbance that the diagnosis could be verified and surgical treatment carried out.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic value of epileptic seizures in cerebral gliomas]. 383 99

Benzodiazepines have been shown to change the turnover rate of 5-HT, ACh and catecholamines stored in selected brain areas, but the doses required for these effects are several-fold higher than those which elicit a persistent punished behavior or antagonize isoniazid, bicuculline or picrotoxin convulsion. The selective antagonism against convulsions elicited by drugs that impair GABAergic transmission, the capability of muscimol and other GABA receptors agonists to mimic behavioral and anticonvulsant action of the benzodiazepines have suggested that benzodiazepines facilitate GABA transmission. This facilitation of the GABA tranmission is due to an allosteric facilitation of high-affinity GABA binding to postsynaptic receptors. Also, the high-affinity binding of the benzodiazepines can be facilitated by GABA mimetics. Endogenous inhibitors of the benzodiazepines and GABA binding extracted from synaptic membranes play a role in facilitating these interactions. Using neuroblastoma 2A cells as a model and Cl- influx as an index of GABA receptor activation, it will be shown that the benzodiazepines facilitates not only GABA binding but also its action on Cl- channels. Also, glioma C6 cells have high affinity receptors for GABA and benzodiazepine binding but these binding sites are not linked to a Cl- channel. It is concluded that the benzodiazepines displace a regulatory protein for high-affinity GABA receptors and thereby facilitate GABAergic transmission.
 ...
PMID:Benzodiazepines and neurotransmitters. 610 85

Late detection of a cerebral glioma causing convulsions in a 7-year-old girl is reported. Her neurological status was normal but her behaviour deteriorated progressively and her seizures became more frequent and resistant to therapy during the 11/2 years after her first admission to hospital. Computed tomography revealed a zone of low density in the right parietal area which was considered to be due to a cerebrovascular accident affecting the middle cerebral artery. Although it is generally considered that epilepsy beginning in infancy or childhood, even if focal, is only rarely associated with neoplasm, epilepsy which is resistant to treatment and progressive change in a child's behaviour should suggest the possibility of a cerebral neoplasm and further invasive investigations should be performed.
 ...
PMID:Late detection of cerebral glioma causing seizures in childhood. A case report. 730 28

A 54-year-old female presented with a huge mixed cavernous angioma and astrocytoma in the hypothalamus manifesting as headache, visual field defect, gait disturbance, and convulsion. Radiological studies revealed a huge suprasellar tumor encasing all the major cerebral vessels. Craniotomy disclosed a hemorrhagic tumor poorly demarcated from the surrounding brain which was partially removed. Histological examination of the operative specimen revealed cavernous angioma with low grade glioma in the periphery. The residual tumor responded to radiation therapy remarkably well. An autopsy conducted 3 years later revealed a small hypothalamic astrocytoma with abundant vasculature.
 ...
PMID:Mixed cavernous angioma and glioma (angioglioma) in the hypothalamus--case report. 759 67

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) was performed in 20 of 36 patients with glioma; 11 glioblastomas, 7 malignant astrocytomas, 2 benign astrocytomas. Twenty or 25 Gy of irradiation was delivered in a single fraction intraoperatively, followed by external beam irradiation. The electron beam energy was selected so that the 80% isodose line fell at 2 or 3 cm below the residual tumor surface. Median survival time of IORT group was 14 months and that of the control group was 10 months. Difference of survival curve was significant. There were 6 incidences of complication caused by IORT; 1 radionecrosis, 1 convulsion, 1 abscess, and 3 severe brain edemas. IORT is suited for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative radiotherapy for gliomas. 762 73

A case of radiation-induced vasculopathy of a pineal glioma was presented with haemodynamic and metabolic changes before and after radiotherapy. After radiation of 60 Gy with conventional fractionation (1.8-2.0 Gy daily, 5 days per week), regional blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, metabolic rate of oxygen, kinetic metabolic rate of glucose and the rate constants (K2, K3) were markedly depressed (20% or greater) compared with the pre-irradiated study. 7 months after radiotherapy, the patient developed transient transient episodes of both right and left upper limb convulsion, terminating in generalized convulsion. When she developed status epilepticus, computed tomography showed extensive low density areas in the territory supplied by the right middle cerebral and the right posterior cerebral arteries. Cerebral angiography revealed diffuse stenosis at both carotid bifurcations and at the origins of the right posterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries. Haemodynamic and metabolic depression therefore implicated radiation-induced vasculopathy in the present case.
 ...
PMID:Case report: radiation-induced vasculopathy implicated by depressed blood flow and metabolism in a pineal glioma. 771 89

We reported a case of Turcot Syndrome (glioma polyposis) in a 19-year-old woman with nonfamilial polyposis coli and adenocarcinoma of the colon, and grade 3 astrocytoma in the right parietal lobe. The patient was admitted with the complaint of general convulsion after colostomy for polyposis and adenocarcinoma of the colon. CT scans on admission showed a large parietal tumor in the right side. Total removal was performed successfully and histological examination showed astrocytoma grade 3. One year after the operation, the tumor recurred. Conservative treatment failed to improve her condition and she died one year later. Turcot Syndrome (glioma polyposis) is very rare and only 10 cases have been reported in Japan. In this report, the clinical characteristics of this syndrome were discussed.
 ...
PMID:[A case of Turcot syndrome (glioma polyposis)]. 838 50

The causes of glioma, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor, are poorly understood. This study compared the personal and first-degree familial medical histories of 462 adults newly diagnosed with glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area between August 1, 1991, and March 31, 1994, with those of 443 controls who were frequency-matched on age, sex, and ethnicity. Cases and controls had equivalent personal histories of cancers other than brain cancer and most nervous system conditions, but they differed significantly regarding histories of epilepsy, seizures, or convulsions 3 or more years prior to diagnosis (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-7.9), chickenpox (odds ratio = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.6), and shingles (odds ratio = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). Four cases (less than 1%) and no controls had known genetic disorders (three had neurofibromatosis and one had tuberous sclerosis). Cases and controls had similar family histories of cancer and seizures. However, the odds ratio for a validated family history of primary brain tumor was 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.8). These results suggest that although family history of any cancer probably is not an important risk factor for adult glioma, a family history of brain tumors may play a role. Variation in exposure to or biologic response to common viral infections might play a greater role in the etiology of adult glioma than family history.
 ...
PMID:Familial and personal medical history of cancer and nervous system conditions among adults with glioma and controls. 909 74

The toxicity and therapeutic effect of the ventriculolumber perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-1-1(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitros our ea hydrochloride (ACNU) against subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas were studied. Twenty-one patients (6 patients with anaplastic glioma, 7 with glioblastoma and 8 with medulloblastoma or PNET) received ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU when they were diagnosed as having subarachnoid dissemination. The course of perfusion and cumulative dose of ACNU was 10 times and 95 mg on average, respectively. Most of the patients received systemic chemotherapy in combination with perfusion therapy and some patients with radiotherapy. Response rate was 17% and median survival time after the diagnosis of dissemination was 12 months for anaplastic gliomas, 29% and 12 months for glioblastoma, and 88% and over 25 months for medulloblastoma and PNET. The ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU was performed for prophylactic purpose in 7 patients with high risk at the early postoperative period in combination with conventional adjuvant therapy. The course of perfusion and cumulative dose of ACNU was 2.3 times and 21 mg on average, respectively. One patient developed subarachnoid dissemination and died 22 months after surgery. Other 6 patients survived without dissemination on median over 29 months after surgery. Side effects encountered were headache in 4 patients, nausea and vomiting in 5, a convulsion in 2, right facial weakness in 1, fecal incontinence in 3 and meningitis in 2. They were all temporary except for facial weakness occurred in one patient. These data suggest that the ventriculolumber perfusion of ACNU is a safe and useful in the treatment and prophylaxis against the subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas.
 ...
PMID:Ventriculolumber perfusion of 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosou rea hydrochloride for subarachnoid dissemination of gliomas. 969 73

Over a one year period, the multidisciplinary consultation of the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital for neurofibromatosis examined 26 children. Twenty-two children underwent an ophthalmological examination (21 NF1, 1 NF2). Lisch nodule was the most frequent symptom (12 cases) and corneal nerves were visible in 3 cases. We had only one case of retinal and choroidal hamartoma. Glioma was a frequent symptom (5 cases). Other signs were uncommon. The case of NF2 showed a 3rd nerve palsy and lens droplets. Our evaluation confirms the frequency of Lisch nodules as the most frequent symptom of NF1. The visibility of corneal nerves and hamartoma are suggestive signs. The glioma number fits well with its statistical frequency. One year evaluation of our NF clinic allows us to confirm the relative frequency of the different signs associated with neurofibromatosis. It emphasizes the importance of teaching its diagnosis and follow-up to ophthalmologists.
 ...
PMID:[Importance of multidisciplinary consultations for children with neurofibromatosis]. 1060 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>