Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The appearance of epileptic seizures in the early postoperative period (first 10 days) after neurosurgery is an uncommon complication. A retrospective study of 600 patients operated on for glioma, meningioma, metastatic tumor, hydatid cyst, cerebral hemorrhage and head injury (100 cases each) is the subject of this report. In 6% of the total group, seizures were found during the first 10 days following surgery. They usually appeared during the first 48 hours. In most cases (78%), fits were of the partial motor type, originating in the frontoparietal (central) region. The clinical course was benign in most cases. Good control of seizures was usually obtained by common anticonvulsants and except for a few cases, the prognosis was not worsened by the appearance of these early fits. The pathophysiology of early seizures, which are not related to cerebral scarring, is discussed. It is concluded that they are related to biochemical alterations produced by surgery, similar to what happens in early post traumatic epilepsy or in cases of seizures appearing in the early stages of cerebrovascular accidents.
 ...
PMID:Epileptic seizures as an early complication of neurosurgery. 105 98

We present a very rare case of 7 year-old-girl who had a pontine glioma with supratentorial meningeal involvement. She complained severe headache with meningeal irritation. She showed fluctuating cranial nerve impairment of the both abducens and glosopharyngeal nerves but no signs of weakness or facial paresis. She also reported two episodes of generalized convulsion with unconsciousness during admission. MRI disclosed a hypointensity intrinsic brainstem mass with an enhancing exophytic component in the prepontine cistern and a sharp contrast uptake is disclosed in the left-meninges of the supratentrial structures. An open biopsy was performed and diagnosed as a high grade astrocytoma.
 ...
PMID:[Brainstem glioma with supratentorial meningeal dissemination--a case report]. 128 96

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma following radiotherapy for growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is presented with a review of the literature. A 43 year old female was admitted with the signs of acromegaly and hypertension. An eosinophilic pituitary adenoma was subtotally removed by transsphenoidal approach, and followed by 60 Gy irradiation using a 2 x 2 cm lateral opposed field. Fourteen years later at the age of 57, she suffered from headache, recent-memory disturbance and uncinate fits. CT scan and MRI disclosed ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the left temporal lobe, corresponding to the previous irradiated field. 18F-FDG PET showed hypermetabolism at the lesion. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and a reddish gray gelatinous tumor containing necrotic center and cyst was partially removed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of hypercellular astrocytic cells with perivascular pseudorosette. Coagulation necrosis at the center of the tumor, and hyalinosis and fibrosis of the blood vessels in and around the tumor, which might have been caused by the antecedent radiotherapy, were recognized. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were given, however, she expired 13 months after the operation. Seven cases, including ours, of malignant glioma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma were reported in the literature. A total dose of irradiation varies from 45 to 95 Gy with a mean of 50 Gy. The period of latency before tumor occurrence ranges from 5 to 22 years with a mean of 10 years. The differentiation of radiation-induced gliomas from radionecrosis of the brain is also discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Anaplastic astrocytoma 14 years after radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma]. 157 77

Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (P.X.A.), a low grade leptomeningeal glioma are reported. Prominent histological features used for diagnosis were a cellular pleomorphism of G.F.A.P. positive cells, with intracytoplasmic lipidic vacuols. A reticulinic network and mononuclear cells infiltrates have been observed. A weak mitotic activity and lack of necrosis and of endothelial cells proliferation were significant additional features necessary for diagnosis. Our cases were observed during the surgical management of young patients with resistant epilepsy. Neuroradiological examinations showed a tumor superficially located within the temporal or the parietal lobe. This tumor could be calcified and/or cystic. Operative aspects showed a firm and non-encapsulated leptomeningeal tumor with possible various colors. Our patients were seizures-free after surgery even during the follow-up. From the currently reported cases clinical follow-up ranging for 1.5 to 3 years is not sufficient to predict a favorable carcinologic prognosis. P.X.A. is an uncommon tumor and less than 50 cases are reported throughout the literature. This tumor affecting young subjects mainly during the second decade is revealed in the majority of cases (3/4) by epileptic seizures, less frequently by a deficit or by an intracranial hypertension. The great majority of clinical events are observed before 20 years. The functional prognosis is rather good after surgery with a disappearance of epileptic fits in about 50% of the cases. Throughout the literature the prognosis of this tumor seems to be comparable to low-grade astrocytomas. Optimal management of P.X.A. seems to be primary surgical resection with later surgery for residual or recurrent tumor. The role of radiotherapy in the management of P.X.A. is at this time uncertain.
 ...
PMID:[Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Apropos of 3 new cases. Review of the literature]. 166 56

Three cases of multiple gliomas with postmortem findings including a rare case of multicentric glioma are presented. A 59-year-old female was hospitalized with decreased mental activity and gait disturbance. Computed tomographic (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images showed two independent mass lesions in the left frontal and the right temporal lobes, shown by postmortem to have no communication. Histologically, they were a gemistocytic astrocytoma and an anaplastic astrocytoma, respectively. Therefore, multicentric glioma was diagnosed. A 66-year-old male was admitted with slow mentation and gait disturbance. CT scans and MR images demonstrated two mass lesions; one overriding the bilateral frontal lobes through the corpus callosum and the other in the left temporal lobe. Postmortem examination showed that both lesions were glioblastoma and the left temporal tumor was accompanied by subarachnoid dissemination. A 29-year-old male was hospitalized with gustatory hallucination and convulsions of the right upper extremity. CT scans revealed two mass lesions in the right frontal and the left temporal lobes. MR images demonstrated communication between the two lesions through the corpus callosum. The left temporal tumor developed into the occipital lobe and another new lesion appeared in the right temporal lobe despite chemotherapy and irradiation. Postmortem examination revealed communication between the three masses through the corpus callosum. Histologically, all three tumors were glioblastoma. Multicentric gliomas have been reported at various incidences from 2.3 to 9.1%. However, multicentric gliomas with multiple tumors of different histologies are very rare and only 16 cases have been reported. MR imaging is more valuable than CT scanning to detect communication between two or more lesions.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathological study of multiple gliomas--report of three cases. 170 39

Although the prognosis of high grade malignant glioma patients is generally poor, it is possible to identify groups of patients with varying prognoses. Basing our results on the first MRC glioma study, multivariate methods were used to identify prognostic factors independently associated with the length of survival. Young age, the presence of fits, especially of long duration, extensive surgical removal of tumour and good clinical performance status were found to be the most important predictors of longer survival. The effect of tumour grade (3 or 4) was not significant, being considerably diluted by an association with extent of neurosurgery. A prognostic index was derived which split the patients into 6 groups of varying prognoses, with 2-year survival rates of between 1 and 32%. The results were verified in patients entered into a subsequent MRC trial. The successful identification of different prognostic groups suggests the use of this index as an aid in making treatment decisions for individual patients, and in interpreting the results of uncontrolled phase II studies.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors for high-grade malignant glioma: development of a prognostic index. A Report of the Medical Research Council Brain Tumour Working Party. 221 15

A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic anticonvulsants in preventing seizures in 68 patients with supratentorial astrocytomas who had been treated with operation and irradiation and who had no previous history of convulsions. Thirty-three patients received prophylactic anticonvulsants and 38 patients did not. The incidence of all types of seizures (generalized convulsions or partial) was lower in patients receiving anticonvulsants. No seizures with an impairment of consciousness occurred in the patients with documented therapeutic anticonvulsant blood levels. The overall incidence of seizures was 39% in untreated patients and 21% in treated patients. The incidence of major seizures including tonic/clonic or partial complex seizures with impairment of consciousness was zero in patients with therapeutic anticonvulsant levels and 18% in untreated patients. Regarding the overall incidence of seizures in both groups, there tend to be fewer seizures in older patients, females, patients with a higher grade of malignancy, and patients who had a more radical resection of the tumor. This study suggests that seizures are a frequent occurrence after operation and irradiation for supratentorial glioma and that anticonvulsants may be effective in reducing the incidence of those seizures.
 ...
PMID:Postoperative prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in cerebral gliomas. 298 99

The kinetics of the regional cerebral uptake of [11C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose ([11C]MeG), a competitive inhibitor of D-glucose transport, have been studied in normal human subjects and patients with cerebral tumours using positron emission tomography (PET). Concomitant measurement of regional cerebral blood volume and blood flow enabled corrections for the contribution of intravascular tracer signal in PET scans to be carried out and regional unidirectional cerebral [11C]MeG extractions to be determined. A three-compartment model containing an arterial plasma and two cerebral compartments was required to produce satisfactory fits to experimental regional cerebral [11C]MeG uptake data. Under fasting, resting conditions, normal controls had mean unidirectional whole-brain, cortical, and white matter [11C]MeG extractions of 14, 13, and 17%, respectively. Mean values of k1 and k2, first-order rate constants describing forward and back transport, respectively, of tracer into the first cerebral compartment, were similar for [11C]MeG and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG), a second competitive inhibitor of D-glucose transport. k3, a rate constant describing FDG phosphorylation, was 20 times higher for cortical FDG uptake than the k3 fitted for [11C]MeG cortical uptake. Glioma [11C]MeG extractions ranged from normal levels of 12% to raised levels of 30%. Transport of [11C]MeG in and out of contralateral cortical tissue was significantly depressed in patients with gliomas. It is concluded that under fasting, resting conditions, regional cerebral glucose extraction remains relatively uniform throughout normal brain tissue. Gliomas, however, may have raised levels of glucose extraction. The nature of the second cerebral compartment required to describe [11C]MeG uptake is unclear, but it could represent either a useless phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle or nonspecific tracer uptake by a cerebral subcompartment.
 ...
PMID:Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier in normal human subjects and patients with cerebral tumours studied using [11C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose and positron emission tomography. 300 47

It is well known that convulsion is one of serious adverse reactions of x-ray contrast media. The occurrence of the convulsion seems to be very rare in general population. However, a few reports noticed recently that patients with brain metastases or gliomas developed this complication relatively frequently and the terms, as contrast-induced convulsion or contrast media-associated (induced) seizure, were used. We performed 12,479 cranial CT examinations with contrast enhancement during the last nine years. The amount of 100 ml in adult or 2 ml/kg in children of 65% Angiografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate) was given intravenously and five patients had contrast media-associated seizures. Case 1: A 37-year-old man with right frontal anaplastic glioma was treated surgically and with radiochemotherapy and hyperthermia. In spite of anticonvulsant therapy, general or left hemiconvulsions occurred sometimes. The patient had contrast-induced general convulsion at 16th CT examination which revealed enhancement in the wall of surgical tissue defect. At 26th CT study, he developed general convulsion again. Case 2: A 47-year-old man with anterior callosal anaplastic glioma was treated surgically and with radiochemotherapy and hyperthermia. After then, he had contrast media-associated general convulsion at 10th CT examination which showed enhanced lesions. Case 3: A 63-year-old woman had been treated surgically for lung cancer. Five years later, CT revealed a ring enhancement in the left frontal lobe. Radiation reduced the lesion gradually.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical course and CT findings in patients with contrast media-associated seizures]. 359 1

A case of infantile optic glioma involving the whole optic pathway is reported. The patient was a 4-month-old female. The mother noticed that the baby could not follow the object, although her physical development had been apparently normal only until three months after birth. On admission, she was lethargic, although no definite motor weakness was identified. The ophthalmological check revealed delayed bilateral pupillary light reaction and choked disks. Skull X-ray film showed the J-shaped sella and the enlarged bilateral optic canals. CT scan also revealed an isodensity mass in the suprasellar cistern and enlarged bilateral optic nerves. The lesions were enhanced homogeneously with contrast medium and extended toward both optic radiations. Lateral ventricles were mildly dilated. Cerebral angiography showed the upward shift of A1-portion of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries and the backward shift of the basilar artery. No abnormal vessels were visible. A bifrontal craniotomy was performed to partially remove the suprasellar tumor. The histological diagnosis was optic glioma. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficits except poor visual acuity. Four months later, she suddenly fell into generalized convulsion. CT scan revealed the significant enlargement of residual tumor and ventricular dilatation. Surgical treatment of VP shunt was immediately performed on, and then irradiation of 4,000 rad of total dose to the tumor followed. The tumor size became definitively small. On a follow-up term of 15 months, the patient has been doing well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Infantile optic glioma involving the whole optic pathway--a case report]. 372 75


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>