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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four cases of pontine glioma were treated over a 16 year period. Survival times are discussed, particularly long survival times, on the basis of 13 cases autopsied. Onset occurred in an age range of 5 to 60 years, and 5 of the 13 autopsied cases involved children. The average survival time was 9 months except for 2 long survival cases, one of 4 years and 7 months and the other of 14 years and 10 months. The longer the survival time, the greater was the number of neurological symptoms detected, but there was no relationship between the involvement of cranial nerves and the survival time. The improvement of cranial nerve disorders was more prominent in the long survival cases than that of other neurological disturbances. The time from onset of symptoms to admission was longer for long survival cases than the others, and the autopsies of two long survival cases revealed astrocytoma. There were no cases which survived more than one year in the glioblastoma multiforme group.
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PMID:A temporal study of survival of patients with pontine gliomas. 7 37

Six cloned astrocytoma cell lines derived from four ethylnitrosourea-induced F-344 rat gliomas were viewed by scanning electron microscopy in vitro, and two were examined in vivo after transplantation to the intracerebral site. All clones consisted of stellate cells that were reasonably homogeneous within individual glioma lines. Cell membrane features common to all tumor lines included microvilli, blebs, ruffles, and miniridges, mainly confined to perikarya, and filopodia emanating chiefly from cell processes. One cell line demonstrated a profuse, and another cell line a moderate, degree of microvillous development and cell surface roughening, which in one tumor correlated with rapid in vitro cell doubling time. Both cell lines maintained these topographical appearances when transplanted into brain. These results extend the SEM observations of astrocytomas, particularly in cloned ethylnitrosourea-induced tumors in rats. The confirm that distinct variations in cell membrane topography do occur among tumors of this type, probably irrespective of their origin in humans or rats, and irrespective of their mode of genesis as spontaneous, chemically-induced, or virally-induced tumors.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of cloned astrocytic lines derived from ethylnitrosourea-induced rat gliomas. 9 59

The concurrent daily intragastric administration of ethylurea at two dose levels (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bodyweight) together with one dose level of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg bodyweight) by a stomach tube to pregnant BD IX rats from day 15 to day 22 of gestation resulted in the induction of neurogenic tumors in all offspring. Since both ENU-precursors alone do not produce neurogenic tumors, these results are evidence of ENU formation from its precursors under the influence of gastric juice. Differences in the survival time and the incidence of tumors at both dose levels were not significant. The amount of ethylnitrosourea synthesized in the animals was very close at both dose levels, and was dependent on the amount of sodium nitrite applied. The experimental results are consistent with the conclusion, that the rat fetuses had been exposed to a total amount of about 60 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea. Neurogenic tumors dominated with 98% incidence over the non-neurogenic. The incidence of neurogenic tumors per rat was high (6.0 for Group I and 6.7 for Group II). Neurogenic tumors were equally distributed among the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neurogenic tumors induced with the precursors of ethylnitrosourea were morphologically similar in all aspects to those induced with the carcinogen itself and could be classified as oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, mixed glioma, anaplastic glioma, glioependymoma, ependymoma, and neurinoma. Three unusual tumors were found: one early anaplastic "septum ependymoma" in the dorsal column of the spinal cord, and two special mixed tumors of the cranial nerves, i.e. a neurinoma with portions of an oligodendroglioma and a neurinoma with parts of an invasive ependymoma.
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PMID:Transplacental induction of neurogenic tumors in BD IX rats by intragastric administration of ethylnitrosourea precursors. 12 44

The brains of 396 old albino rats of the breed Wistar-AF/Han-EMD were examined for spontaneous tumors of the CNS and the following tumors were diagnosed: 1 oligodendroglioma, 1 astrocytoma, 1 mixed glioma, 1 pleomorphic glioma, and 19 meningiomas. Thus the CNS tumor rate was 5.8%. In addition 6 micromeningiomas were found. Knowledge of the spontaneous tumor rate including the tumor incidence in the CNS of the animal strains used for these examinations is a necessary condition for the evaluation of the results of cancerogenicity tests. CNS tumors deserve particular attention because during recent years it was found that certain chemical compounds like for instance N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induce organ-specific tumors in the brain of rats. It is recommended, therefore, to always include the central nervous system in the autopsy and histologic examination of animals from cancerogenicity trials. For cerebral autopsy transversal sections through the different cerebral regions and histologic examination of transversal section surfaces of all tumors and suspected tumor areas are suggested.
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PMID:The incidence of spontaneous tumors of the central nervous system of Wistar rats. 17 67

Sixty-five patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with a combination of BCNU (100 mg/m2 qd X 1) and procarbazine (100 mg/m2 qd X 14); the cycle was repeated in 1 month and then on a 6-week schedule with procarbazine being given for 21 days. Forty-five patients had malignant gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, malignant glioma, or gemistocytic astrocytoma) and were evaluated as a group. All patients had either shown evidence of tumor regrowth after previous surgery and/or radiotherapy, or had deep unbiopsied tumors presumed to be malignant gliomas. Of these 45 patients, 13 of 45 (30%) were judged to be unequivocal responders and an additional eight of 45 (17%) were designated as probable responders. The median duration of clinical response was 34 weeks for responders and 20 weeks for probable responders. The combination of BCNU and procarbazine, therefore, was somewhat inferior to a previous combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine.
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PMID:BCNU (NSC-409962) and procarbazine (NSC-77213) treatment for malignant brain tumors. 17 10

Twenty-nine primary intraspinal neoplasms in children observed between 1936 and 1975 in Connecticut are reviewed. Most of them were gliomas: 45 per cent astrocytoma, 24 per cent ependymal neoplasm, 10 per cent glioblastoma multiforme and 7 per cent glioma. Symptoms, physical findings and therapy are reviewed.
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PMID:Intraspinal neoplasms in children. 20 2

Experimental animal models resembling most human brain tumor types can be induced by exposure to oncogenic viruses or chemical carcinogens: Astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme can be produced experimentally by intracerebral injection of oncornaviruses, whereas medulloblastomas, choroid plexus papillomas, and ependymomas can be induced by the papovaviruses. Adenoviruses have been utilized to cause medulloepitheliomas, neuroblastomas, and retinoblastomas. All three groups of viruses can result in sarcoma production. Gliomas represent the primary tumor type induced in the brain by chemical carcinogens. These autochthonous tumor systems are reviewed, with emphasis on methods, tumor type, latency period, advantages, and disadvantages. In addition, recent investigations of molecular events involved in neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens are summarized.
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PMID:Chemical- and virus-induced brain tumors. 20 37

Brain tumors were induced in Syrian hamsters by intracerebral inoculation of brain cells which were obtained from 12-day old syngeneic hamster and infected with Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV) in vitro. A total of 212 tumors were developed in all 25 recipients within 19 to 125 days after transplantation. On the basis of light and electron microscopic study, they were classified into four main groups: astrocytoma (45.8%), pleomorphic glioma (50.0%), sarcoma (3.8%), unclassified (0.4%). The morphological features of these tumors were described, and the advantages of this brain tumor model were discussed.
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PMID:Brain tumors induced in hamsters by intracerebral inoculation of SR-RSV-infected embryonic brain cells. 21 Jun 20

The clinicopathologic features of eight new cases of combined intracranial sarcoma and glioma are described. This type of mixed cerebral tumor is histologically characterized by a peripheral distribution of the gliomatous elements in relation to a more centrally situated meningeal or intracerebral sarcoma, and by the frequent presence of gradual transitions from reactive to frankly neoplastic astrocytes. In six of the eight cases, the additional development of either infiltrating astrocytoma or frank glioblastoma in the adjacent brain was demonstrated; this was interpreted as a further expression of malignant glial reaction. It is suggested that these tumors be termed "sarcogliomas" to distinguish them from the type of mixed glioma and sarcoma that has recently been redesignated "gliosarcoma."
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PMID:Reactive glioma in intracranial sarcoma: a form of mixed sarcoma and glioma ("sarcoglioma"): report of eight cases. 21 76

Brain tumors were induced in 3-month-old rabbits of either sex by repeated intravenous injections of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Twelve brain tumors (6 pleomorphic gliomas, 5 grade 2--3 astrocytomas, 1 grade 2--3 oligodendroglioma) were established in culture and, with the exception of 2 neoplasms, were propagated in vitro as permanent cell lines. The glial nature of all cell lines was ascertained at several passage levels by testing the cells for the production of S-100 and GFA. It could be shown that most cells of all lines fluoresced positively for the S-100 protein, albeit differences in intensity of fluorescence were clearly noted between cells of the same culture and between different cultures. In general, astrocytoma cell lines had the strongest fluorescence. Pleomorphic glioma cells but especially astrocytoma cells reacted positively also for the GFA protein. Surprisingly enough, isolated cells of the oligodendroglioma line also showed evidence of GFA production. Exposure of cultures of rabbit glioma cells to db-cAMP for 8--10 hr resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and stimulation of process formation. Furthermore, positive fluorescence for the S-100 and GFA proteins was more intense in cells treated with db-cAMP than in untreated cells. The latter observation may indicate that production and/or accumulation of glial proteins also was enhanced during the stationary phase of cell cultures.
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PMID:Morphological, immunocytochemical and biological characteristics of experimental rabbit brain tumors in tissue culture. 22 1


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