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Query: UMLS:C0017638 (glioma)
 30,880 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A surgically treated case of ventrally exophytic pontine glioma is reported. A 49-year-old woman, complaining of dysarthria, dysphagia and gait disturbance, was admitted to our department. Her past history included bronchial asthma. Plain skull x-p and tomography revealed destruction of the dorsum sellae and upper clivus. CT demonstrated an enhanced oval mass at the ventral side of the upper brainstem. The mass was severely compressing the brainstem dorsally. MRI revealed a low-intensity band between the tumor and the brainstem. Dynamic MRI demonstrated a pattern of rapid increasing and slow reduction. Cerebral angiogram demonstrated a paradoxical sign that pontine branches were located anterior to the basilar artery. The finding demonstrated that the tumor was an intraaxial mass. The first operation was performed by the orbitofrontomalar approach. On the trans-sylvian route, the tumor was removed partially with CUSA and neuronavigation system. Its histology was astrocytoma grade III. Radiation therapy was added. The patient's symptoms aggravated again. On the second operation, the transtemporal route with tentorial resection was chosen. Under a wide visual field, intracapsular subtotal resection of the tumor was performed. Interferon therapy was added. She was discharged to her home with no neurological deficits. Ventrally exophytic pontine glioma is very rare. Low-intensity band of MRI, a sign of extraaxial mass, was visualised in our case. On the other hand, cerebral angiogram demonstrated a paradoxical sign. This sign suggested that the tumor originated from the brainstem. With update skull base surgery and neuronavigation system, surgical therapy of ventrally exophytic pontine glioma is safe and effective.
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PMID:[A surgically treated case of ventrally exophytic pontine glioma]. 747 14

A 20-year-old woman died suddenly and unexpectedly from low-grade medullary pontine fibrillary astrocytoma. She had experienced neurological symptoms including coughing and choking thought to be asthma, poor motor coordination, nasopharyngeal incompetence, and arm pain since the age of 11 months. Despite the long history of symptoms, the tumor remained clinically undiagnosed. This case demonstrates the minor, nonlocalizing, and relapsing remitting nature of symptoms and signs related to this slow-growing tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of sudden, unexpected death due to brainstem glioma in the English-language literature. Since autopsy disclosed a 5-7 week pregnancy, this case is also an example of a rare cause of maternal death.
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PMID:Sudden death due to undiagnosed medullary-pontine astrocytoma. 757 77

A population-based case-control study of 416 histologically diagnosed, incident gliomas in adults was carried out in Melbourne, Australia, to determine whether past medical, family or reproductive histories are risk factors for developing glioma. A total of 422 controls were selected from the Australian electoral roll and matched to cases for age, sex and post code of residence. An increased risk of developing glioma was observed among first-born individuals OR (95% CI) 2.0 (1.4-2.9). It is possible that this effect is due to residual confounding by socio-economic status or that it is a chance finding. Alternatively, it may be that this is due to some other effect linked to the first pregnancy, such as maternal age, birth weight or circumstances of delivery. There was no apparent association between the development of glioma and other neuropsychiatric or general medical conditions or with family history or reproductive history. Allergies (asthma and eczema) were not associated with a decreased risk of glioma, as has previously been suggested.
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PMID:Association of adult glioma with medical conditions, family and reproductive history. 913 43

In an international population-based case-control study carried out in 8 centres in 6 countries, we investigated the role of specific medical conditions in the aetiology of brain tumours in adults. Recruited were 1,178 glioma and 331 meningioma cases and 2,493 age- and gender-matched population controls. Only medical conditions occurring at least 2 years before brain tumour diagnosis were considered. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Heterogeneity between centres was tested. No association between meningioma and previous medical conditions was observed. For glioma, there was an increased risk associated with epilepsy (RR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.40-12.63), but this was considerably weaker for epilepsy of more than 20 years duration. The risk remained elevated after adjustment for use of anti-epileptic drugs. There was a statistically significant inverse association between glioma and all allergic diseases combined (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71); this was also observed for specific allergic conditions, namely, asthma and eczema. Subjects who reported a history of infectious diseases (e.g., colds, flu) showed a 30% reduction in risk (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). The decreased risks for glioma in subjects reporting a history of allergic conditions or infectious diseases may indicate an influence of immunological factors on the development of glioma. The association between glioma and epilepsy has to be interpreted cautiously and needs further investigation.
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PMID:Role of medical history in brain tumour development. Results from the international adult brain tumour study. 1038 45

To explore a possible influence of the immune system in the development of brain tumors, we evaluated the relationship between history of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors within a large, hospital-based case-control study. Cases (n = 782) were patients recently diagnosed with glioma (n = 489), meningioma (n = 197) or acoustic neuroma (n = 96) at hospitals in Boston, Phoenix and Pittsburgh (USA). Controls (n =799) were patients hospitalized for a variety of nonmalignant conditions and frequency-matched to cases by hospital, age, sex, race/ethnicity and distance of residence from hospital. Research nurses collected data by personal interview of patients. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. There was a significant inverse association between glioma and history of any allergies (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86) or autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.69). No significant associations were evident for meningioma or acoustic neuroma with history of any allergies. An inverse association was observed between meningioma and history of autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38-0.92). There was a suggestion of interaction between allergies and autoimmune diseases on risk of glioma (p = 0.06), with subjects having both conditions being at lowest risk (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.14-0.42). Among the specific conditions, asthma and diabetes showed the most consistent associations (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.92 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27-0.70, respectively). Our results add to evidence that persons with allergies or autoimmune diseases are at reduced risk of glioma. The basis of the associations is not clear, but they might imply a role of immunologic factors in the development of brain tumors. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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PMID:History of allergies and autoimmune diseases and risk of brain tumors in adults. 1197 41

Preparations from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata have been used as a traditional remedy in Ayurvedic medicine in India for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Compounds from the gum with genuine antiinflammatory effects are pentacyclic triterpenes of the boswellic acid type. Boswellic acids inhibit the leukotriene biosynthesis in neutrophilic granulocytes by a non-redox, noncompetitive inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. The effect is triggered by boswellic acids binding to the enzyme. Moreover certain boswellic acids have been described to inhibit elastase in leukocytes, to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and to inhibit topoisomerases of leukoma- and glioma cell lines. A series of chronic inflammatory diseases are thought to be perpetuated by leukotrienes. In clinical trials promising results were observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, bronchial asthma und peritumoral brains edemas.
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PMID:[Boswellic acids (components of frankincense) as the active principle in treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases]. 1224 81

Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated some aspect of the association between a history of allergy and cancer occurrence. In this article, an overview of the epidemiological evidence is presented with a discussion of a number of methodological issues important in this area of study. Literature searches were conducted using the MEDLINE database from 1966 through to August 2005 to identify articles that explored a personal history of allergic disorders as a risk factor for cancer. Although it is difficult to draw conclusions between allergy and cancer at many sites because of insufficient evidence or a lack of consistency both within and among studies completed to date, strong inverse associations have been reported for pancreatic cancer and glioma, whereas lung cancer was positively associated with asthma. Additional studies are needed to confirm these finding and to address the limitations of previous studies, including the validity and reliability of exposure measures and control for confounding. Further, large prospective studies using cancer incidence would be particularly useful, including studies using biological markers of allergic status to reduce potential misclassification and to confirm the results of previous studies based on self-report. There is also a need for further basic research to clarify a potential mechanism, should an association exist.
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PMID:An overview of the association between allergy and cancer. 1639 96

Epidemiological studies have consistently reported an inverse association between a history of allergic disease and risk of glioma. The reason for this association is unclear, and there is a lack of studies with the detail and size to explore the association in depth. We conducted a UK population-based case-control study with 965 glioma cases and 1,716 controls to investigate glioma risk in relation to allergic disease. Risk was reduced in subjects reporting a history of asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.92), hay fever (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.90), eczema (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.97) and other allergies (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.90). Risk was reduced for all the main histological groups. There was no significant trend of risk with age, at the onset of each condition, or the number of conditions reported. Risk reductions were strongest for asthma or hay fever with recent onset. Risk in asthmatic subjects was not related to frequency of use of antiasthmatic drugs, but was significantly reduced for use of antiallergenic medication among subjects with hay fever. The study showed an inverse association of glioma risk with allergic disease. Possible reasons for the association, as well as potential immunological aetiology, include confounding, bias and reverse causality.
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PMID:History of allergies and risk of glioma in adults. 1682 51

Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in various inflammatory diseases including cancer, asthma, and allergy. It mediates a variety of different effects on various cell types including B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2. The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. We have also demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 expression is greatly increased in lung cells when mice were challenged intranasally with bleomycin or Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, IL-13Ralpha2 increased in surgical lung biopsies from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitic interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. Based on various studies, it is concluded that IL-13Ralpha2-expressing cells are involved in various pulmonary pathological conditions. In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain. Thus, IL-13Ralpha2 chain may serve as a novel biomarker for diseased cells such as cancer or fibrosis and a target for receptor-directed therapeutic agents. To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced. This cytotoxin termed as IL-13PE38QQR or IL-13PE38, or IL-13PE is highly and specifically cytotoxic to a variety of human tumor cell lines. In preclinical models of human glioblastoma, head and neck and AIDS-associated Kaposi's cancer, IL-13PE has been found to have significant antitumor activity at a tolerated dose. Several phase I clinical trials have been completed in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Recently a phase III clinical trial (PRECISE) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma has been completed recruiting a total of 294 patients. IL-13PE cytotoxin has also shown a significant therapeutic effect in preclinical bleomycin or A. fumigatus or Schistosoma mansoni-induced pulmonary pathology including granulomatous fibrosis in mouse models. A clinical study in these diseases has yet to be initiated.
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PMID:Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases. 1702 27

Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown inverse associations of allergic disease with risk of glioma, but it is unclear whether this association also applies to meningioma. The authors conducted a pooled analysis of meningioma risk in relation to a history of allergic disease based on data from two population-based, case-control studies with 475 cases and 1,716 controls in the United Kingdom (2001-2004). Meningioma risk was significantly reduced in relation to self-reported, physician-diagnosed allergic disease (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.96) but was nonsignificantly reduced for individual conditions: asthma (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.18), hay fever (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.06), and eczema (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.02). Risk reductions were greatest for asthma (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.89) and hay fever (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.00) with an early age at onset (<10 years) and for eczema (odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.07) with an onset at ages 10-19 years; they were near unity for onset in adulthood. This study suggests an inverse association between a history of allergies and meningioma risk, but with smaller risk reductions than for glioma. The reasons for this association need clarification, as well as an etiologic explanation. Consideration also needs to be given to confounding or bias.
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PMID:History of allergic disease and risk of meningioma. 1718 79


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